有机、无机肥配施对黄梁木幼林生长的影响
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摘要
【目的】探究有机、无机肥配施对黄梁木Neolamarckia cadamba幼林生长的影响。【方法】采用林地现场小区试验法,对黄梁木幼林进行猪粪、鸡粪、过磷酸钙和氯化钾配施正交试验。【结果】有机、无机肥配施能显著促进黄梁木幼林树高和地径生长,造林半年后,与未施肥相比,施肥处理树高和地径分别增加23.53%~109.41%和37.99%~149.06%;多因素方差分析显示,猪粪和过磷酸钙对黄梁木树高和地径生长有显著影响,其不同水平间差异显著,而鸡粪和氯化钾主效应不显著;综合考虑黄梁木生长状况和肥料成本,选择猪粪14 kg·株-1+过磷酸钙1.5 kg·株-1作为黄梁木幼林施肥方案;回归分析得出,猪粪(x1)和过磷酸钙(x2)施用量与黄梁木树高(yH)和地径(yD)之间的回归方程分别为:yH=1.016+0.031x1+0.221x2(R2=0.835,P=0.000),yD=26.193+0.991x1+6.052x2(R2=0.83,P=0.000)。【结论】有机、无机肥配施能显著促进黄梁木幼林树高和地径生长,当黄梁木施用猪粪14 kg·株-1+过磷酸钙1.5 kg·株-1时,促进作用最为明显。
【Objective】To explore effects of combined application of organic and chemical fertilizers on growth of young Neolamarckia cadamba plantation( YNCP).【Method】Impacts of combined application of pig manure,chicken manure,calcium superphosphate and potassium chloride on YNCP growth were studied by using orthogonal test. 【Result】Combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers had significant promoting effects on YNCP growth,with height and ground diameter growth of fertilized treatments being 23. 53%-109. 41% and 37. 99%-149. 06% greater than those of control treatment,respectively. Multivariate analysis indicated that pig manure and calcium superphosphate had significant effects on height and ground diameter growth,and differences among different fertilization levels were significant,but chicken manure and potassium chloride exhibited no significant effect. According to YNCP growth and fertilizer cost,the best fertilization solution was 14 kg pig manure + 1. 5 kg calcium superphosphate per tree. The regression equation between pig manure( x1),calcium superphosphate( x2) and tree height( yH) was yH= 1. 016 + 0. 031x1+ 0. 221x2( R2= 0. 835,P = 0. 000),and the regressionequation between pig manure,calcium superphosphate and ground diameter( yD) was yD= 26. 193 +0. 991x1+ 6. 052x2( R2= 0. 832,P = 0. 000). 【Conclusion】Combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers can significantly promote YNCP growth,and 14 kg pig manure + 1. 5 kg calcium superphosphate per tree have the best promoting effect.
【Objective】To explore effects of combined application of organic and chemical fertilizers on growth of young Neolamarckia cadamba plantation( YNCP).【Method】Impacts of combined application of pig manure,chicken manure,calcium superphosphate and potassium chloride on YNCP growth were studied by using orthogonal test. 【Result】Combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers had significant promoting effects on YNCP growth,with height and ground diameter growth of fertilized treatments being 23. 53%-109. 41% and 37. 99%-149. 06% greater than those of control treatment,respectively. Multivariate analysis indicated that pig manure and calcium superphosphate had significant effects on height and ground diameter growth,and differences among different fertilization levels were significant,but chicken manure and potassium chloride exhibited no significant effect. According to YNCP growth and fertilizer cost,the best fertilization solution was 14 kg pig manure + 1. 5 kg calcium superphosphate per tree. The regression equation between pig manure( x1),calcium superphosphate( x2) and tree height( yH) was yH= 1. 016 + 0. 031x1+ 0. 221x2( R2= 0. 835,P = 0. 000),and the regressionequation between pig manure,calcium superphosphate and ground diameter( yD) was yD= 26. 193 +0. 991x1+ 6. 052x2( R2= 0. 832,P = 0. 000). 【Conclusion】Combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers can significantly promote YNCP growth,and 14 kg pig manure + 1. 5 kg calcium superphosphate per tree have the best promoting effect.
引文
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[13]仇焕广,廖绍攀,井月,等.我国畜禽粪便污染的区域差异与发展趋势分析[J].环境科学,2013,34(7):2766-2774.
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[18]腾海英,祝国强,黄平,等.设计实例分析[J].药学服务与研究,2008,8(1):75-76.
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[21]刘云开,青先国,罗先富,等.肥料运筹对优质稻湘晚籼13号整精米率的影响[J].湖南农业大学学报,2004,30(4):322-324.
[22]张北赢,陈天林,王兵.长期施用化肥对土壤质量的影响[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(11):182-187.
[23]李江涛,钟晓兰,赵其国.畜禽粪便施用对稻麦轮作土壤质量的影响[J].生态学报,2011,31(10):2837-2845.
[24]许小伟,樊剑波,陈晏,等.不同有机无机肥配施比例对红壤旱地花生产量、土壤速效养分和生物学性质的影响[J].生态学报,2014,34(18):5182-5190.
[25]刘林,张良英.有机肥在果树栽培中的施用技术[J].吉林农业,2010(9):90.
[26]褚长彬,吴淑杭,张学英,等.有机肥施用方式对柑橘园土壤肥力和柑橘养分、品质的影响[J].上海农业学报2012,28(1):65-68.
[27]胡绍德,朱仲海,陈刚,等.茶树施用生物有机肥效果初报[J].茶叶科学技术,2002(3):11-12.
[28]景谷兴永桥油茶种植有限责任公司技术顾问组.云南橡胶园肥力变化特点与有机肥施用[J].热带农业科技,2010,33(2):5-9.
[29]徐莉.猪粪沼液对杨树林地土壤性质及林分生长的影响[D].南京:南京林业大学,2014.
[30]王树会,耿素祥.过量施肥对烤烟生长发育和产质的影响[J].中国农业科技导报,2010,12(5):116-122.
[31]樊丽娜,何慧怡,陈月桂,等.甘蔗健康种苗繁殖培养基正交试验分析[J].甘蔗糖业,2011(6):6-10.
[32]王小东,曾伟,余能富.脐橙果树正交施肥试验研究[J].南方林业科学,2015,43(1):22-24,27.
[33]胡建军,周冀衡,柴家荣,等.多指标正交试验数据的优化分析及应用[J].中国烟草学报,2008,14(2):9-14.
[34]郑宏艳,刘书田,侯彦林,等.生态平衡施肥模型与肥料效应函数模型关系研究[J].农业资源与环境学报,2014,31(6):500-505.
[35]刘刚.平衡施肥对桑树产量与品质的影响及其施肥模型的建立[D].重庆:西南大学,2012.
[2]YU W T,JIANG Z S,ZHOU H,et al.Effects of nutrient cycling on grain yields and potassium balance[J].Nutr Cycl Agroecosys,2009,84(3):203-213.
[3]吴巍.有机无机肥配施对旱地作物产量、肥料利用率及土壤肥力的影响[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2011.
[4]FENG K,LU H M,SHENG H J,et al.Effect of organic ligands on biological availability of inorganic phosphorus in soils of[J].Pedosphere,2004,14(1):85-92.
[5]PANDEY A,NEGI P S.Traditional uses,phytochemistry and pharmacological properties of Neolamarckia cadamba:A review[J].J Ethnopharmacol,2016,181:118-135.
[6]黄浩.黄梁木地理变异和再生体系的建立[D].广州:华南农业大学,2014.
[7]郑万钧.中国树木志:第4卷[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2004:4594-4595.
[8]朱先成,陶永强,杨军.团花育苗与造林[J].林业实用技术,2005(2):19-20.
[9]蒋云东,王达明,邱琼,等.7种热带阔叶树种的苗木施肥试验[J].云南林业科技,2003(2):11-15.
[10]杨德军,邱琼,王达明,等.团花育苗技术研究[J].广西林业科学,2004,33(2):93-95.
[11]聂艳丽,周跃华,李娅,等.甘蔗渣堆肥化处理及用作团花育苗基质的研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2009,28(2):380-387.
[12]RAFIPUL HOQUE A T M,HOSSAIN M K,MOHIUDDIN M,et al.Effect of inorganic fertilizers on the initial growth performance of Anthocephalus chinensis(Lam.).Rich.Ex.Walp.seedlings in the nursery[J].J Appl Sci,2004,4(3):477-485.
[13]仇焕广,廖绍攀,井月,等.我国畜禽粪便污染的区域差异与发展趋势分析[J].环境科学,2013,34(7):2766-2774.
[14]景栋林,严有福,陈希萍,等.番禺区畜禽粪便产生量估算及其环境效应分析[J].广东农业科学,2011,38(23):141-144.
[15]龚俊勇,彭小珍,廖新俤.广东省梅州市农地畜禽粪便环境风险评价[J].生态与农村环境学报,2011,27(3):25-28.
[16]CAO Y,CHANG Z Z,WANG J D,et al.The fate of antagonistic microorganisms and antimicrobial substances during anaerobic digestion of pig and dairy manure[J].Bioresour Technol,2013,136:664-671.
[17]《正交试验法》编写组.正交试验法[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1976:202.
[18]腾海英,祝国强,黄平,等.设计实例分析[J].药学服务与研究,2008,8(1):75-76.
[19]KO H J,KIM K Y,KIM H T,et al.Evaluation of maturity parameters and heavy metal contents in composts made from animal manure[J].Waste Manage,2008,28(5):813-820.
[20]HUANG Y,DONG H,SHANG B,et al.Characterization of animal manure and cornstalk ashes as affected by incineration temperature[J].Appl Energy,2011,88(3):947-952.
[21]刘云开,青先国,罗先富,等.肥料运筹对优质稻湘晚籼13号整精米率的影响[J].湖南农业大学学报,2004,30(4):322-324.
[22]张北赢,陈天林,王兵.长期施用化肥对土壤质量的影响[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(11):182-187.
[23]李江涛,钟晓兰,赵其国.畜禽粪便施用对稻麦轮作土壤质量的影响[J].生态学报,2011,31(10):2837-2845.
[24]许小伟,樊剑波,陈晏,等.不同有机无机肥配施比例对红壤旱地花生产量、土壤速效养分和生物学性质的影响[J].生态学报,2014,34(18):5182-5190.
[25]刘林,张良英.有机肥在果树栽培中的施用技术[J].吉林农业,2010(9):90.
[26]褚长彬,吴淑杭,张学英,等.有机肥施用方式对柑橘园土壤肥力和柑橘养分、品质的影响[J].上海农业学报2012,28(1):65-68.
[27]胡绍德,朱仲海,陈刚,等.茶树施用生物有机肥效果初报[J].茶叶科学技术,2002(3):11-12.
[28]景谷兴永桥油茶种植有限责任公司技术顾问组.云南橡胶园肥力变化特点与有机肥施用[J].热带农业科技,2010,33(2):5-9.
[29]徐莉.猪粪沼液对杨树林地土壤性质及林分生长的影响[D].南京:南京林业大学,2014.
[30]王树会,耿素祥.过量施肥对烤烟生长发育和产质的影响[J].中国农业科技导报,2010,12(5):116-122.
[31]樊丽娜,何慧怡,陈月桂,等.甘蔗健康种苗繁殖培养基正交试验分析[J].甘蔗糖业,2011(6):6-10.
[32]王小东,曾伟,余能富.脐橙果树正交施肥试验研究[J].南方林业科学,2015,43(1):22-24,27.
[33]胡建军,周冀衡,柴家荣,等.多指标正交试验数据的优化分析及应用[J].中国烟草学报,2008,14(2):9-14.
[34]郑宏艳,刘书田,侯彦林,等.生态平衡施肥模型与肥料效应函数模型关系研究[J].农业资源与环境学报,2014,31(6):500-505.
[35]刘刚.平衡施肥对桑树产量与品质的影响及其施肥模型的建立[D].重庆:西南大学,2012.