离心泵水力诱导激振试验研究
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摘要
离心泵的水力诱导激振影响泵的安全稳定运行。为了揭示离心泵水力诱导激振特性,以一台单叶片离心泵为试验对象,采用两个垂直布置的涡电流位移传感器测量离心泵空转及抽水时叶轮口环的瞬态位移,获得了叶轮口环瞬态位移的时域图、频域图以及口环位移轨迹图。基于霍尔感应器的键相信息,采用华科水力机械综合测试仪获得了离心泵在不同流量工况的水力诱导激振特性。试验结果表明,离心泵空转及抽水时时域图、频域图相似,波形均为周期性重复的畸变正弦曲线,主频均为叶轮转频,口环位移轨迹图均为畸变的椭圆形,但抽水时口环位移幅值有所减小。离心泵的水力诱导口环位移轨迹图在不同流量工况下均为畸变的椭圆形,在210°~300°之间出现一个突变区域,水力诱导激振在小流量工况显著增强,在额定工况及大流量工况水力诱导激振基本不变。
The trend toward large and high speed centrifugal pump brings a great challenge for the safe and stable operation of centrifugal pumps. And fluid force induced vibration of centrifugal pumps is increased significantly. In order to reveal the fluid force induced vibration characteristic of centrifugal pumps,a single-blade centrifugal pump was used as the test pump. Based on the pump performance experiment,two vertically arranged eddy current displacement sensors were used to measure the transient displacement of impeller wear ring when pumping air and water. Time history and frequency spectrum of the displacement of the wear ring and locus of the wear ring displacement were obtained. Fluid force induced vibration characteristics of the centrifugal pump at different flow rates were obtained by using Huake hydraulic machinery tester based on the key phase information of the Hall sensor. The experimental results showed that the time history and frequency spectrum of the displacement of centrifugal pump were similar in both pumping air and water. Waveforms were periodically repeated distortion sinusoids and the dominant frequency was the rotational frequency of impeller. Locus of the wear ring displacement was distorted oval,and there was a mutation when pumping water. Fluid force induced locus of the wear ring displacement under different flow conditions were also distorted oval. And there was a mutation between 210° and 300°,the maximum appeared at around 130°. Fluid force induced vibration was significantly increased at the small flow rates,corresponding to the pump efficiency was significantly reduced,and it became weak at the design flow rate and large flow rates,corresponding to the higher efficiency of the pump. The research result provided a reference for the stable operation of centrifugal pumps and on-line fault diagnosis.
The trend toward large and high speed centrifugal pump brings a great challenge for the safe and stable operation of centrifugal pumps. And fluid force induced vibration of centrifugal pumps is increased significantly. In order to reveal the fluid force induced vibration characteristic of centrifugal pumps,a single-blade centrifugal pump was used as the test pump. Based on the pump performance experiment,two vertically arranged eddy current displacement sensors were used to measure the transient displacement of impeller wear ring when pumping air and water. Time history and frequency spectrum of the displacement of the wear ring and locus of the wear ring displacement were obtained. Fluid force induced vibration characteristics of the centrifugal pump at different flow rates were obtained by using Huake hydraulic machinery tester based on the key phase information of the Hall sensor. The experimental results showed that the time history and frequency spectrum of the displacement of centrifugal pump were similar in both pumping air and water. Waveforms were periodically repeated distortion sinusoids and the dominant frequency was the rotational frequency of impeller. Locus of the wear ring displacement was distorted oval,and there was a mutation when pumping water. Fluid force induced locus of the wear ring displacement under different flow conditions were also distorted oval. And there was a mutation between 210° and 300°,the maximum appeared at around 130°. Fluid force induced vibration was significantly increased at the small flow rates,corresponding to the pump efficiency was significantly reduced,and it became weak at the design flow rate and large flow rates,corresponding to the higher efficiency of the pump. The research result provided a reference for the stable operation of centrifugal pumps and on-line fault diagnosis.
引文
1关醒凡.现代泵理论与设计[M].北京:中国宇航出版社,2011.
2袁寿其,施卫东,刘厚林.泵理论与技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2014.
3 CHAMIEHD S,ACOSTA A J,BRENNEN C E,et al.Experimental measurements of hydrodynamic radial forces and stiffness matrices for a centrifugal pump-impeller[J].ASME Journal of Fluids Engineering,1985,107(3):307-315.
4 UY R V,BRENNEN C E.Experimental measurements of rotordynamic forces caused by front shroud pump leakage[J].ASMEJournal of Fluids Engineering,1999,121(3):633-637.
5 HSU Y,BRENNEN C E.Effect of swirl on rotordynamic forces caused by front shroud pump leakage[J].ASME Journal of Fluids Engineering,2002,124(4):1005-1010.
6 BRENNEN C E,ACOSTA A J.Fluid-induced rotordynamic forces and instabilities[J].Structural Control and Health Monitoring,2006,13(1):10-26.
7 JONKER J B,ESSEN T G.A finite element perturbation method for computing fluid-induced forces on a centrifugal impeller rotating and whirling in a volute casing[J].International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering,1997,40(2):269-294.
8窦唯,刘占生.高速离心泵隔舌对流体激振力的影响研究[J].振动工程学报,2012,25(6):705-713.DOU Wei,LIU Zhansheng.The investigation of the effect of volute tongue on hydrodynamic forces for high speed centrifugal pump[J].Journal of Vibration Engineering,2012,25(6):705-713.(in Chinese)
9刘占生,刘全忠,王洪杰.离心泵变工况流场及叶轮流体激振力研究[J].哈尔滨工程大学学报,2008,29(12):1304-1308.LIU Zhansheng,LIU Quanzhong,WANG Hongjie.Analysis of off-design flow fields in centrifugal pumps and hydrodynamic forces on impellers[J].Journal of Harbin Engineering University,2008,29(12):1304-1308.(in Chinese)
10龚卫锋,李兵,孙卫平,等.电动离心泵振动特性试验研究[J].流体机械,2012,40(4):10-12.GONG Weifeng,LI Bing,SUN Weiping,et al.Experimental study on the electric centrifugal pump's vibration characteristic[J].Fluid Machinery,2012,40(4):10-12.(in Chinese)
11吴英友,赵耀,陈炯.汽轮给水泵机组振动频率特性分析[J].中国舰船研究,2006,1(5):90-93.WU Yingyou,ZHAO Yao,CHEN Jiong.Study on vibration frequency characteristics of turbine driven feed pump unit[J].Chinese Journal of Ship Research,2006,1(5):90-93.(in Chinese)
12黄智勇,李昌奂,黄红.高工况涡轮泵轴系状态对工作可靠性的影响[J].火箭推进,2007,33(1):32-35.HUANG Zhiyong,LI Changhuan,HUANG Hong.The effect of high operating condition turbopump shafting status on reliability[J].Journal of Rocket Propulsion,2007,33(1):32-35.(in Chinese)
13胡敬宁,薛岩,张德胜,等.高压多级离心泵启动瞬态轴心轨迹研究[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(增刊1):61-70.HU Jingning,XUE Yan,ZHANG Desheng,et al.Research on transient axis trajectory of high-pressure multistage centrifugal pump on starting[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2015,31(Supp.1):61-70.(in Chinese)
14蒋小平,朱嘉炜,冯琦,等.基于多重激励的悬臂式多级离心泵轴心轨迹研究[J/OL].农业机械学报,2017,48(12):105-113.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20171212&flag=1&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2017.12.012.JIANG Xiaoping,ZHU Jiawei,FENG Qi,et al.Axis trajectory of cantilever multistage centrifugal pump based on multiple excitation[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(12):105-113.(in Chinese)
15杨敏,马光辉,吴乃军.大功率高速泵的振动监测系统及其应用[J].火箭推进,2013,39(1):77-83.YANG Min,MA Guanghui,WU Naijun.Vibration monitoring system for high-power high-speed pump and its application[J].Journal of Rocket Propulsion,2013,39(1):77-83.(in Chinese)
16陈红勋,邹雪莲.单流道泵内部非定常流动特性[J].机械工程学报,2005,41(11):163-170.CHEN Hongxun,ZOU Xuelian.Unsteady flow characteristic within single channel pump[J].Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2005,41(11):163-170.(in Chinese)
17 BENRA F K,DOHMEN H J.Comparison of pump impeller orbit curves obtained by measurement and FSI simulation[C]∥ASME 2007 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference,2007:41-48.
18周苏波.主轴轴心轨迹测量和动平衡实验研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2011.ZHOU Subo.The experimental research of testing on spindles axis locus and dynamic balance[D].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2011.(in Chinese)
19尹成红.离心泵的故障诊断方法及故障评定[D].大庆:大庆石油学院,2005.YIN Chenghong.The methods and judgment of a fault diagnosis for centrifugal pump[D].Daqing:Daqing Petroleum College,2005.(in Chinese)
20吴英友,邢维升,朱显明,等.某型离心水泵振动特性分析[J].中国舰船研究,2008,3(1):51-54.WU Yingyou,XING Weisheng,ZHU Xianming,et al.Study on vibration characteristic of centrifugal pump[J].Chinese Journal of Ship Research,2008,3(1):51-54.(in Chinese)
21任芸.离心泵内不稳定流动的试验及数值模型研究[D].镇江:江苏大学,2013.REN Yun.Experimental investigation and numerical model on flow instabilities in centrifugal pump[D].Zhenjiang:Jiangsu University,2013.(in Chinese)
22 SHI F.Numerical study of pressure fluctuations caused by impeller-diffuser interaction in a diffuser pump stage[J].ASMEJournal of Fluids Engineering,2001,123(3):466-474.
23 WANG H,TSUKAMOTO H.Fundamental analysis on rotor-stator interaction in a diffuser pump by vortex method[J].ASMEJournal of Fluids Engineering,2001,123(4):737-747.
2袁寿其,施卫东,刘厚林.泵理论与技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2014.
3 CHAMIEHD S,ACOSTA A J,BRENNEN C E,et al.Experimental measurements of hydrodynamic radial forces and stiffness matrices for a centrifugal pump-impeller[J].ASME Journal of Fluids Engineering,1985,107(3):307-315.
4 UY R V,BRENNEN C E.Experimental measurements of rotordynamic forces caused by front shroud pump leakage[J].ASMEJournal of Fluids Engineering,1999,121(3):633-637.
5 HSU Y,BRENNEN C E.Effect of swirl on rotordynamic forces caused by front shroud pump leakage[J].ASME Journal of Fluids Engineering,2002,124(4):1005-1010.
6 BRENNEN C E,ACOSTA A J.Fluid-induced rotordynamic forces and instabilities[J].Structural Control and Health Monitoring,2006,13(1):10-26.
7 JONKER J B,ESSEN T G.A finite element perturbation method for computing fluid-induced forces on a centrifugal impeller rotating and whirling in a volute casing[J].International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering,1997,40(2):269-294.
8窦唯,刘占生.高速离心泵隔舌对流体激振力的影响研究[J].振动工程学报,2012,25(6):705-713.DOU Wei,LIU Zhansheng.The investigation of the effect of volute tongue on hydrodynamic forces for high speed centrifugal pump[J].Journal of Vibration Engineering,2012,25(6):705-713.(in Chinese)
9刘占生,刘全忠,王洪杰.离心泵变工况流场及叶轮流体激振力研究[J].哈尔滨工程大学学报,2008,29(12):1304-1308.LIU Zhansheng,LIU Quanzhong,WANG Hongjie.Analysis of off-design flow fields in centrifugal pumps and hydrodynamic forces on impellers[J].Journal of Harbin Engineering University,2008,29(12):1304-1308.(in Chinese)
10龚卫锋,李兵,孙卫平,等.电动离心泵振动特性试验研究[J].流体机械,2012,40(4):10-12.GONG Weifeng,LI Bing,SUN Weiping,et al.Experimental study on the electric centrifugal pump's vibration characteristic[J].Fluid Machinery,2012,40(4):10-12.(in Chinese)
11吴英友,赵耀,陈炯.汽轮给水泵机组振动频率特性分析[J].中国舰船研究,2006,1(5):90-93.WU Yingyou,ZHAO Yao,CHEN Jiong.Study on vibration frequency characteristics of turbine driven feed pump unit[J].Chinese Journal of Ship Research,2006,1(5):90-93.(in Chinese)
12黄智勇,李昌奂,黄红.高工况涡轮泵轴系状态对工作可靠性的影响[J].火箭推进,2007,33(1):32-35.HUANG Zhiyong,LI Changhuan,HUANG Hong.The effect of high operating condition turbopump shafting status on reliability[J].Journal of Rocket Propulsion,2007,33(1):32-35.(in Chinese)
13胡敬宁,薛岩,张德胜,等.高压多级离心泵启动瞬态轴心轨迹研究[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(增刊1):61-70.HU Jingning,XUE Yan,ZHANG Desheng,et al.Research on transient axis trajectory of high-pressure multistage centrifugal pump on starting[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2015,31(Supp.1):61-70.(in Chinese)
14蒋小平,朱嘉炜,冯琦,等.基于多重激励的悬臂式多级离心泵轴心轨迹研究[J/OL].农业机械学报,2017,48(12):105-113.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20171212&flag=1&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2017.12.012.JIANG Xiaoping,ZHU Jiawei,FENG Qi,et al.Axis trajectory of cantilever multistage centrifugal pump based on multiple excitation[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(12):105-113.(in Chinese)
15杨敏,马光辉,吴乃军.大功率高速泵的振动监测系统及其应用[J].火箭推进,2013,39(1):77-83.YANG Min,MA Guanghui,WU Naijun.Vibration monitoring system for high-power high-speed pump and its application[J].Journal of Rocket Propulsion,2013,39(1):77-83.(in Chinese)
16陈红勋,邹雪莲.单流道泵内部非定常流动特性[J].机械工程学报,2005,41(11):163-170.CHEN Hongxun,ZOU Xuelian.Unsteady flow characteristic within single channel pump[J].Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2005,41(11):163-170.(in Chinese)
17 BENRA F K,DOHMEN H J.Comparison of pump impeller orbit curves obtained by measurement and FSI simulation[C]∥ASME 2007 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference,2007:41-48.
18周苏波.主轴轴心轨迹测量和动平衡实验研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2011.ZHOU Subo.The experimental research of testing on spindles axis locus and dynamic balance[D].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2011.(in Chinese)
19尹成红.离心泵的故障诊断方法及故障评定[D].大庆:大庆石油学院,2005.YIN Chenghong.The methods and judgment of a fault diagnosis for centrifugal pump[D].Daqing:Daqing Petroleum College,2005.(in Chinese)
20吴英友,邢维升,朱显明,等.某型离心水泵振动特性分析[J].中国舰船研究,2008,3(1):51-54.WU Yingyou,XING Weisheng,ZHU Xianming,et al.Study on vibration characteristic of centrifugal pump[J].Chinese Journal of Ship Research,2008,3(1):51-54.(in Chinese)
21任芸.离心泵内不稳定流动的试验及数值模型研究[D].镇江:江苏大学,2013.REN Yun.Experimental investigation and numerical model on flow instabilities in centrifugal pump[D].Zhenjiang:Jiangsu University,2013.(in Chinese)
22 SHI F.Numerical study of pressure fluctuations caused by impeller-diffuser interaction in a diffuser pump stage[J].ASMEJournal of Fluids Engineering,2001,123(3):466-474.
23 WANG H,TSUKAMOTO H.Fundamental analysis on rotor-stator interaction in a diffuser pump by vortex method[J].ASMEJournal of Fluids Engineering,2001,123(4):737-747.