耐温耐盐稠油降黏体系的研制与应用
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摘要
渤海某稠油油田原油黏度大,胶质沥青质含量高,地层水矿化度较高,且油井完井方式为常规完井(管柱耐温≤120℃),热采吞吐温度受限,效果一般。为提高稠油常规井开采效果,室内研制了热采吞吐用耐温耐盐稠油乳化降黏体系CY-02,该体系由磺基甜菜碱类两性表面活性剂LHSB、以改性聚醚为主要成分的非离子表面活性剂PFC-1组成,正交实验确定其最佳配比为2∶1。考察了该化学体系的静态性能(耐温耐盐性、乳化降黏性能、乳液稳定性、界面张力、润湿性)和动态驱油效果。研究结果表明,该体系耐温≥120℃,NaCl容忍度>40000 mg/L,CaCl2容忍度>1500 mg/L;体系120℃老化24 h后仍具有良好的界面性能,在油水比7∶3时,可形成稳定的乳状液,50℃下体系对稠油的降黏率达98.8%;低含水率下亦不发生反相乳化;体系与原油的界面张力为10-2mN/m数量级;体系在煤油浸润后的模拟岩心表面的润湿角为10°,可使岩石表面由油湿转变为水湿;120℃下动态驱油实验表明,该稠油降黏体系对稠油驱与单独水驱相比,采油速度更快,最终采收率提高10.65%。渤海某稠油油井的现场施工效果表明该稠油降黏体系取得了良好的应用效果。图4表4参15
A certain heavy oil field in Bohai is characteristic of high viscosity of the crude oil,the high content of the asphaltene and the high salinity of the formation water,and the well completion mode is conventional completion,that the column temperature of tube is less than 120℃. The thermal recovery and puff temperature is limited,the effect is poor. In order to improve the thermal recovery effect of heavy oil conventional wells,the emulsified and viscosity reducing system CY-02 of thermal Huff and puff was screened in laboratory. The system consisted of sulfonyl betaine amphoteric surfactant LHSB and nonionic surfactant PFC-1(modified polyether)with optimum ratio of 2∶1. The static properties of the chemical system,including resistance to salt,emulsification,viscosity,emulsion stability,interfacial tension,wettability,and dynamic oil displacement were investigated. The experimental results showed that the system was resistant to the high temperature of more than 120℃,NaCl tolerance was higher than 40000 mg/L and CaCl2 tolerance was higher than 1500 mg/L. The system still had good interfacial properties after aging for24 h at the temperature of 120℃. The system could form stable emulsion in ratio of oil to water of 7∶3,the viscosity reduction rate of the system at the temperature of 50℃ was 98.8%,and the anti-phase emulsification did not occur at low water content. The interfacial tension between the system and the crude oil was 10-2 mN/m order of magnitude;the wetting angle of the system on the simulated kerosene-soaked core was 10°,meaning that the system could make the rock surface change from oil wet to water wet.The dynamic oil displacement experiment at 120℃ showed that the recovery rate of the oil displacement system was increased by10.65% compared to that of the water flooding. The result of field operation of a heavy oil well in Bohai showed that the system had achieved good application effect.
A certain heavy oil field in Bohai is characteristic of high viscosity of the crude oil,the high content of the asphaltene and the high salinity of the formation water,and the well completion mode is conventional completion,that the column temperature of tube is less than 120℃. The thermal recovery and puff temperature is limited,the effect is poor. In order to improve the thermal recovery effect of heavy oil conventional wells,the emulsified and viscosity reducing system CY-02 of thermal Huff and puff was screened in laboratory. The system consisted of sulfonyl betaine amphoteric surfactant LHSB and nonionic surfactant PFC-1(modified polyether)with optimum ratio of 2∶1. The static properties of the chemical system,including resistance to salt,emulsification,viscosity,emulsion stability,interfacial tension,wettability,and dynamic oil displacement were investigated. The experimental results showed that the system was resistant to the high temperature of more than 120℃,NaCl tolerance was higher than 40000 mg/L and CaCl2 tolerance was higher than 1500 mg/L. The system still had good interfacial properties after aging for24 h at the temperature of 120℃. The system could form stable emulsion in ratio of oil to water of 7∶3,the viscosity reduction rate of the system at the temperature of 50℃ was 98.8%,and the anti-phase emulsification did not occur at low water content. The interfacial tension between the system and the crude oil was 10-2 mN/m order of magnitude;the wetting angle of the system on the simulated kerosene-soaked core was 10°,meaning that the system could make the rock surface change from oil wet to water wet.The dynamic oil displacement experiment at 120℃ showed that the recovery rate of the oil displacement system was increased by10.65% compared to that of the water flooding. The result of field operation of a heavy oil well in Bohai showed that the system had achieved good application effect.
引文
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[14]李振泉,延辉,宋新旺,等.磺基甜菜碱两性表面活性剂的结构性质[J].化学学报,2011,69(8):898-904.
[15]张志庆,徐桂英,叶繁,等.十二烷基甜菜碱/十二烷基硫酸钠复配体系的表面活性[J].物理化学学报,200l,17(12):1122-1125.
[2]唐晓旭,马跃,孙永涛.海上稠油多元热流体吞吐工艺研究及现场试验[J].中国海上油气,2011,23(3):185-188.
[3]梁丹,冯国智,曾祥林,等.海上稠油两种热采方式开发效果评价[J].石油钻探技术,2014,42(1):95-99.
[4]王增林,张民,麻杨勇,等.稠油热化学驱过程中影响因素及其交互作用对采收率的影响[J].油气地质与采收率,2017,24(1):64-68.
[5]李锦超.稠油热/化学驱油技术研究[D].青岛:中国石油大学(华东),2011.
[6]朴弼善,孙加元,陈俊.多功能复合化学剂在蒸汽吞吐中的应用[J].石油钻采工艺,2003,25(增刊):16-18.
[7]杜永欣,王世虎,曲丽,等.胜利油田陈371区块高钙镁油藏稠油降黏剂研究[J].油田化学,2002,19(2):137-140.
[8]王付才,王圣荣,李翠萍,等.稠油降黏剂HP在塔河S66井的应用[J].油田化学,2003,20(3):210-212.
[9]杨建强,张国钰,王晓惠,等.稠油井筒化学降黏的室内研究及现场应用[J].新疆石油科技,2006,16(4):26-29.
[10]杨建强,张国钰,王晓惠,等.磺酸盐与非离子表面活性剂协同作用的研究[J].油田化学,2012,29(3):312-316.
[11]谭晶,曹绪龙,李英,等.油/水界面表面活性剂的复配协同机制[J].高等学校化学学报,2009,30(5):949-953.
[12]马文辉,梁梦兰,袁红,等.稠油低温乳化降黏剂BL-1的研制及应用[J].油田化学,2002,19(2):134-136.
[13]AHMED N S,NASSAR A M,ZAKI N N,et al.Stability and rheology of heavy crude oil-in-water emulsion stabilized by an anionic-nonionic surfactant mixture[J].Petrol Sci Technol,1999,17(5/6):553-576.
[14]李振泉,延辉,宋新旺,等.磺基甜菜碱两性表面活性剂的结构性质[J].化学学报,2011,69(8):898-904.
[15]张志庆,徐桂英,叶繁,等.十二烷基甜菜碱/十二烷基硫酸钠复配体系的表面活性[J].物理化学学报,200l,17(12):1122-1125.