多级拉伸与热定型对聚乙烯/聚丙烯双组分纤维结构和性能的影响
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摘要
为研究聚乙烯/聚丙烯(PE/PP)双组分纤维在非织造熔融纺丝成网工艺中的尺寸及力学稳定性,在双组分纤维制备过程中关键工艺位置进行取样,借助X射线多晶衍射仪、电子单纤维强力仪、扫描电子显微镜、BEION纤维细度测试系统等对纤维的结构和性能进行测试与表征。结果表明:多级拉伸过程中纤维的取向度和结晶度逐渐增加,其中二级拉伸对纤维体系的取向结晶起主要作用;纤维未经热定型时尺寸稳定性差,干热收缩率高;经多级拉伸和热定型后纤维力学性能明显提高,其断裂强度最大可达3.38 cN/dtex;升高热定型温度有利于提高纤维的尺寸稳定性,制备过程中热定型温度不应低于110℃。
In order to study the dimension and mechanical stability of polyethylene/polypropylene(PE/PP) bicomponent fibers prepared by the nonwoven spunlaid process, PE/PP bicomponent fiber samples were taken at different key process positions. The structure and properties of the fibers were measured by X-ray diffractometer, electronic single fiber strength tester, scanning electron microscope, and BEION fiber fineness test system. The results show that the degree of orientation and crystallinity of fiber gradually increase in the multistage drawing process, and the second stage drawing in the post-spinning process plays a major role in the orientation and crystallinity of fiber. The dimensional stability of fiber is not determined without heat setting, and the dry heat shrinkage is high. The mechanical properties of fiber after multistage drawing and heat setting are significantly improved, and the maximum breaking strength can reach 3.38 cN/dtex. The increase of heat setting temperature improves the dimensional stability of the fiber, and the heat setting temperature during preparation should not lower than 110 ℃.
In order to study the dimension and mechanical stability of polyethylene/polypropylene(PE/PP) bicomponent fibers prepared by the nonwoven spunlaid process, PE/PP bicomponent fiber samples were taken at different key process positions. The structure and properties of the fibers were measured by X-ray diffractometer, electronic single fiber strength tester, scanning electron microscope, and BEION fiber fineness test system. The results show that the degree of orientation and crystallinity of fiber gradually increase in the multistage drawing process, and the second stage drawing in the post-spinning process plays a major role in the orientation and crystallinity of fiber. The dimensional stability of fiber is not determined without heat setting, and the dry heat shrinkage is high. The mechanical properties of fiber after multistage drawing and heat setting are significantly improved, and the maximum breaking strength can reach 3.38 cN/dtex. The increase of heat setting temperature improves the dimensional stability of the fiber, and the heat setting temperature during preparation should not lower than 110 ℃.
引文
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[3] 周晨,徐熊耀,靳向煜.ES纤维热风非织造布驻极性能初探[J].纺织学报,2012,33(9):66-70.ZHOU Chen,XU Xiongyao,JIN Xiangyu.Exploration of electret property of area bonded ES-fiber fabric[J].Journal of Textile Research,2012,33(9):66-70.
[4] 曹识超.电池隔膜用ES复合纤维非织造材料的磺化改性研究[D].上海:东华大学,2011:4.CAO Shichao.Study on the sulfonation treatment of ES nonwoven fabrics as battery separator[D].Shanghai:Donghua University,2011:4.
[5] 肖长发,尹翠玉.化学纤维概论[M].北京:中国纺织出版社,2015:54.XIAO Changfa,YIN Cuiyu.Introduction to Chemical Fibers[M].Beijing:China Textile & Apparel Press,2015:54.
[6] 柯勤飞,靳向煜.非织造学[M].上海:东华大学出版社,2010:235.KE Qinfei,JIN Xiangyu.Nonwovens[M].Shanghai:Donghua University Press,2010:235.
[7] 陈蕾,杨明远,毛萍君.熔纺聚丙烯腈纤维的拉伸及热定型工艺[J].合成纤维工业,2001(2):4-7.CHEN Lei,YANG Mingyuan,MAO Pingjun.Study on drawing and heat setting of melt processable PAN(MPPAN) fibers[J].China Synthetic Fiber Industry,2001(2):4-7.
[8] 李健,黄庆,李鑫.PGLA纤维拉伸过程中结晶与取向的变化[J].纺织学报,2011,32(1):1-5.LI Jian,HUANG Qing,LI Xin.Crystallinity and orientation of PGLA fiber during drawing[J].Journal of Textile Research,2011,32(1):1-5.
[9] 王非,刘丽超,薛平,等.拉伸温度对UHMW-PE/HDPE共混纤维结晶性能的影响[J].塑料,2018,47(3):76-79.WANG Fei,LIU Lichao,XUE Ping,et al.Effect of hot-drawing temperature on crystalline characters of UHMW-PE /HDPE Blend Fibers[J].Plastic,2018,47(3):76-79.
[10] 关礼争,金旺,王亚涛.热拉伸工艺对聚甲醛纤维结构与性能的影响[J].合成纤维工业,2018,41(3):25-28,32.GUAN Lizheng,JIN Wang,WANG Yatao.Effect of hot drawing process on structure and properties of polyoxymethylene fiber[J].China Synthetic Fiber Industry,2018,41(3):25-28,32.
[11] 张勇,张蕊萍,相鹏伟,等.多级热拉伸对PPS纤维结构与性能的影响[J].合成纤维工业,2015(6):38-42.ZANG Yong,ZHANG Ruiping,XIANG Pengwei,et al.Effect of multi-zone hot drawing on structure and properties of PPS fiber[J].China Synthetic Fiber Industry,2015(6):38-42.
[12] 刘鹏清,吴炜誉,李守群,等.拉伸与热定型对聚苯硫醚长丝结构性能的影响[J].合成纤维工业,2008(2):8-11,15.LIU Pengqing,WU Weiyu,LI Shouqun,et al.Effect of drawing and heat setting on structure and properties of polyphenylene sulfide filament[J].China Synthetic Fiber Industry,2008(2):8-11,15.
[13] 赵博.纺黏法非织造布气流拉伸模型的研究[J].聚酯工业,2008(6):12-16.ZHAO Bo.Research on the air dragmodel of spun-bonded nonwoven[J].Polyester Industry,2008(6):12-16.
[14] 游锦璋,靳向煜.纺粘宽狭缝正压牵伸器拉伸气流流场研究[J].产业用纺织品,2009,27(1):10-14.YOU Jinzhang,JIN Xiangyu.Study on air flow field with wide slotmechanism of positive drawing in spunbond process[J].Technical Textiles,2009,27(1):10-14.
[15] 于伟东.纺织材料学[M].北京:中国纺织出版社,2006:71.YU Weidong.Textile[M].Beijing:China Textile & Apparel Press,2006:71.
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[17] KANG Y A,KIM K H,IKEHATA S,et al.In-situ analysis of fiber structure development for isotactic polypropylene[J].Polymer,2011,52(9):2044-2050.