输电塔结构八地脚螺栓塔座板的抗拉承载力试验与计算方法研究
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摘要
近年来,输电工程中输电线路向高电压、大容量、多回路发展,铁塔承受的荷载持续增加,塔腿在大荷载作用下对塔脚板强度要求也一再提高,于是,四地脚螺栓塔座板已不能满足现有工程的需要,八地脚螺栓塔座板则得到更广泛的关注和应用。然而,现行设计规范对八地脚螺栓塔脚板承载力的计算公式不甚完备,滞后于实际工程需要。鉴于此,文章对八地脚螺栓塔座板抗拉承载力进行了试验和设计理论研究。首先,选取14组试验样本进行塔座板静力加载试验,试验中观测塔座板的应力状态和破坏模式,并探讨底板厚度、螺栓孔位置等因素对八地脚螺栓塔座板抗拉承载力的影响;然后,在抗拉试验基础上,提出基于屈服线法理论并充分考虑底板厚度和螺栓孔位置的塔座板抗拉承载力计算公式,并借助"塑性分析,弹性设计"的思想考虑一定的安全储备,最后,将文章所提设计公式与规范和试验结果进行比较,结果表明,文章所提的八地脚螺栓塔座板建议公式与试验结果更加吻合,具有较好的经济适用性,可为现行设计规范的设计理论提供必要参考。
In recent years, transmission lines in power transmission projects have been developed towards high voltage, large capacity and multiloop. The load on the tower continues to increase, resulting in the higher strength requirement on the tower base plate. As a result, the tower base plate with four bolts can no longer meet the needs of the existing projects, while the tower base plate with eight bolts has received wider attention and more applications. However, calculation formulas in current design specifications for the bearing capacity of the tower base plate with eight bolts are incomplete, and fall behind the actual engineering requirements. In view of the situation, tests and design theoretical research on the tensile capacity of the tower base plate with eight bolts were carried out in this work. First, 14 groups of samples were selected for the static loading tests. In the tests, the stress states and failure modes of the tower base plate were observed, and the influences of the base-plate thickness and the bolt locations on the tensile capacity of tower base plate with eight bolts were discussed. Next,based on the tensile test and the yield line theory, the formulas of calculating the tensile capacity of the tower base plate were proposed considering the base-plate thickness and the bolt locations. In virtue of the idea of"plastic analysis and elastic design", a certain safety reserve shall also be considered in the proposed formulas.Finally, the design formulas are compared with the current design specifications and test results. The results show that the results from the proposed design formulas for calculating the tensile capacity of the base plate with eight bolts agree well with the test results, indicating that the proposed formulas have good economic applicability,which may be referred by the design theory in the current specifications.
In recent years, transmission lines in power transmission projects have been developed towards high voltage, large capacity and multiloop. The load on the tower continues to increase, resulting in the higher strength requirement on the tower base plate. As a result, the tower base plate with four bolts can no longer meet the needs of the existing projects, while the tower base plate with eight bolts has received wider attention and more applications. However, calculation formulas in current design specifications for the bearing capacity of the tower base plate with eight bolts are incomplete, and fall behind the actual engineering requirements. In view of the situation, tests and design theoretical research on the tensile capacity of the tower base plate with eight bolts were carried out in this work. First, 14 groups of samples were selected for the static loading tests. In the tests, the stress states and failure modes of the tower base plate were observed, and the influences of the base-plate thickness and the bolt locations on the tensile capacity of tower base plate with eight bolts were discussed. Next,based on the tensile test and the yield line theory, the formulas of calculating the tensile capacity of the tower base plate were proposed considering the base-plate thickness and the bolt locations. In virtue of the idea of"plastic analysis and elastic design", a certain safety reserve shall also be considered in the proposed formulas.Finally, the design formulas are compared with the current design specifications and test results. The results show that the results from the proposed design formulas for calculating the tensile capacity of the base plate with eight bolts agree well with the test results, indicating that the proposed formulas have good economic applicability,which may be referred by the design theory in the current specifications.
引文
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[4]俞登科,任吉华,段松涛,等.基于区格法的输电塔有加劲塔脚板强度分析[J].电力勘测设计,2017(2):42-45(Yu Dengke,Ren Jihua,Duan Songtao,et al.Strength analysis of tower footing plate with stiffening in transmission tower based on lattice method[J].Electric Power Survey&Design,2017(2):42-45(in Chinese))
[5]DL/T 5154-2012架空输电线路杆塔结构设计技术规定[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2012(DL/T 5154-2012(Technical regulation of design for tower and pole structures of overhead transmission line[S].Beijing:China Planning Press,2012(in Chinese))
[6]翁兰溪,周晶晶.输电铁塔塔脚底板加劲肋影响分析[J].福建电力与电工,2008,28(1):38-41(Weng Lanxi,Zhou Jingjing.The analysis on effect of base plate with Stiffening Rib in Transmission Towers[J].Fujian Power and Electrical Engineering,2008,28(1):38-41(in Chinese))
[7]《钢结构设计手册》编辑委员会.钢结构设计手册[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2004:1-915
[8]Bouzid H A.Comparative study of bolt spacing formulas used in bolted joint designs[J].International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping,2014,120-121:47-54
[9]Cao J J,Packer J A,Yang G J.Yield line analysis of RHS connections with axial loads[J].Journal of Constrauctional Steel Research,1998,48(1):1-25
[10]Guo Xiaonong,Zhang Yan,Xiong Zhe,et al.Load-bearing capacity of occlusive high-strength bolt connections[J].Journal of Constrauctional Steel Research,2016,127(12):1-14
[11]CECS 102:2002门式刚架轻型房屋钢结构技术规程[S].北京:中国建筑金属结构协会,2003
[12]JGJ 82-91钢结构高强度螺栓连接的设计、施工及验收规程[S].北京:湖北省建筑工程总公司,1992
[13]曹正罡,范峰,沈世钊.单层球面网壳的弹塑性稳定性[J].土木工程学报,2006,39(10):6-10(Cao Zhenggang,Fan Feng,Shen Shizhao.Elasto-plastic stability of single-layer reticulated domes[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2006,39(10):6-10(in Chinese))
[14]陈以一,沈祖炎,詹琛,等.直接汇交节点三重屈服线模型及试验验证[J].土木工程学报,1999,32(6):26-31,39(Chen Yiyi,Shen Zuyan,Zhan Chen.et al.Three lines limit-analysis model for CHS K-Joints and its verification by tests[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,1999,32(6):26-31,39(in Chinese))
[15]江红军.钢筋混凝土双向板受力性能及承载力计算的试验研究[D].南京:东南大学,2005(Jiang Hongjun.Experimental researches on mechanical behaviors and calculation method for load-bearing capacity of RCtwo-way slabs[D].Nanjing:Southeast University,2005(in Chinese))
[2]李正良,刘红军.输电塔钢管-插板连接节点板承载力研究[J].土木工程学报,2011,44(增1):52-58(Li Zhengliang,Liu Hongjun.Study of ultimate strength of gusset-plate steel tubular joint of transmission towers[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2011,44(S1):52-58(in Chinese))
[3]白强,杨景胜,郭念,等.八地脚螺栓刚性塔座板的承载力[J].土木建筑与环境工程,2017,39(3):99-106(Bai Qiang,Yang Jingsheng,Guo Nian,et al.Bearing capacity of rigid tower base plate with eight anchor bolts[J].Journal of Civil Architectural&Environment Engineering,2017,39(3):99-106(in Chinese))
[4]俞登科,任吉华,段松涛,等.基于区格法的输电塔有加劲塔脚板强度分析[J].电力勘测设计,2017(2):42-45(Yu Dengke,Ren Jihua,Duan Songtao,et al.Strength analysis of tower footing plate with stiffening in transmission tower based on lattice method[J].Electric Power Survey&Design,2017(2):42-45(in Chinese))
[5]DL/T 5154-2012架空输电线路杆塔结构设计技术规定[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2012(DL/T 5154-2012(Technical regulation of design for tower and pole structures of overhead transmission line[S].Beijing:China Planning Press,2012(in Chinese))
[6]翁兰溪,周晶晶.输电铁塔塔脚底板加劲肋影响分析[J].福建电力与电工,2008,28(1):38-41(Weng Lanxi,Zhou Jingjing.The analysis on effect of base plate with Stiffening Rib in Transmission Towers[J].Fujian Power and Electrical Engineering,2008,28(1):38-41(in Chinese))
[7]《钢结构设计手册》编辑委员会.钢结构设计手册[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2004:1-915
[8]Bouzid H A.Comparative study of bolt spacing formulas used in bolted joint designs[J].International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping,2014,120-121:47-54
[9]Cao J J,Packer J A,Yang G J.Yield line analysis of RHS connections with axial loads[J].Journal of Constrauctional Steel Research,1998,48(1):1-25
[10]Guo Xiaonong,Zhang Yan,Xiong Zhe,et al.Load-bearing capacity of occlusive high-strength bolt connections[J].Journal of Constrauctional Steel Research,2016,127(12):1-14
[11]CECS 102:2002门式刚架轻型房屋钢结构技术规程[S].北京:中国建筑金属结构协会,2003
[12]JGJ 82-91钢结构高强度螺栓连接的设计、施工及验收规程[S].北京:湖北省建筑工程总公司,1992
[13]曹正罡,范峰,沈世钊.单层球面网壳的弹塑性稳定性[J].土木工程学报,2006,39(10):6-10(Cao Zhenggang,Fan Feng,Shen Shizhao.Elasto-plastic stability of single-layer reticulated domes[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2006,39(10):6-10(in Chinese))
[14]陈以一,沈祖炎,詹琛,等.直接汇交节点三重屈服线模型及试验验证[J].土木工程学报,1999,32(6):26-31,39(Chen Yiyi,Shen Zuyan,Zhan Chen.et al.Three lines limit-analysis model for CHS K-Joints and its verification by tests[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,1999,32(6):26-31,39(in Chinese))
[15]江红军.钢筋混凝土双向板受力性能及承载力计算的试验研究[D].南京:东南大学,2005(Jiang Hongjun.Experimental researches on mechanical behaviors and calculation method for load-bearing capacity of RCtwo-way slabs[D].Nanjing:Southeast University,2005(in Chinese))