西藏马扎拉金矿区外围地质特征与找矿方向
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摘要
马扎拉金矿位于藏南拆离断裂以北的特提斯喜马拉雅南部隆子逆冲推覆断裂南缘,是扎西康整装勘查区构造蚀变岩型金矿床的典型代表。本文在矿区外围30km2范围开展地质测量工作,重新厘定了矿区及外围的地层系统并新发现大量岩浆岩,重塑了矿区及外围的断裂构造格架并初步厘定了构造活动期次,结合地球物理剖面测量、区域地质新近调查研究成果和少量工程验证,初步构建了矿床的控矿构造几何模型并重新确立了矿区及外围在近东西向具有早期逆冲推覆、晚期伸展滑脱的前断坡和反冲断裂及其次级断裂中寻找构造蚀变岩型金矿的找矿方向,对进一步找矿工作的部署具有重要的指导意义。
The Mazhala gold deposit as an earliest discovered gold deposit in the Zhaxikang mining district is located on the southern margin of the Lungzi thrust in the southern part of Tethyan Himalaya,north of the south Tibetan detachment fault system. A geological mapping within the extent of 30 km2 is currently carried out in the Mazhala gold deposit and its adjacent area in this study. The stratigraphic system in the mining district is redefined,and widespread magmatic rocks has newly been recognized. The fault framework is reshaped,and the deformation stages in the mining district are preliminarily determined. According to the regional geological characteristics and recent findings in the geological survey,and geophysical and geochemical anomalies,a new model for orecontrolling structures is tentatively constructed. Further exploration of this gold deposit should be focused on the EW-trending faults and their secondary fractures within the overthrust system. These faults are ramps and backthrusts. They are extruded in the early stages and extended in the later periods. The emphasis should be placed on the structural alteration type gold deposit in these structures. The results in this study may have important significance for the deployment and arrangement in the future exploration of the Mazhala gold deposit.
The Mazhala gold deposit as an earliest discovered gold deposit in the Zhaxikang mining district is located on the southern margin of the Lungzi thrust in the southern part of Tethyan Himalaya,north of the south Tibetan detachment fault system. A geological mapping within the extent of 30 km2 is currently carried out in the Mazhala gold deposit and its adjacent area in this study. The stratigraphic system in the mining district is redefined,and widespread magmatic rocks has newly been recognized. The fault framework is reshaped,and the deformation stages in the mining district are preliminarily determined. According to the regional geological characteristics and recent findings in the geological survey,and geophysical and geochemical anomalies,a new model for orecontrolling structures is tentatively constructed. Further exploration of this gold deposit should be focused on the EW-trending faults and their secondary fractures within the overthrust system. These faults are ramps and backthrusts. They are extruded in the early stages and extended in the later periods. The emphasis should be placed on the structural alteration type gold deposit in these structures. The results in this study may have important significance for the deployment and arrangement in the future exploration of the Mazhala gold deposit.
引文
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[10] Zhai Wei,Sun Xiang,Yi Jianzhou,et al. Geology,geochemistry,and genesis of orogenic gold-antimony mineralization in the Himalayan Orogen, South Tibet, China[J]. Ore Geology Reviews,2014,58(4):68-90.
[11]戚学祥,李天福,孟祥金,于春林.藏南特提斯喜马拉雅前陆断褶带新生代构造演化与锑金多金属成矿作用[J].岩石学报,2008,24(7),1638-1648.
[12]吴建阳,李光明,周清,等.藏南扎西康整装勘查区成矿体系初探[J].中国地质,2015,42(6):1674-1683.
[13]董富权.西藏古堆-隆子地区断裂构造分形特征及其地质意义[J].黄金科学技术,2012,20(6),41-45.
[14]侯增谦,莫宣学,杨志明,等.青藏高原碰撞造山带成矿作用:构造背景,时空分布和主要类型[J].中国地质,2006,33(2):340-351.
[15]侯增谦,曲晓明,杨竹森,等.青藏高原碰撞造山带:Ⅲ后碰撞伸展成矿作用[J].矿床地质,2006,25(6):629-651.
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[18]许志琴,杨经绥,李海兵,等.青藏高原与大陆动力学-地体拼合,碰撞造山及高原隆升的深部驱动力[J].中国地质,2006,33(2):221-238.
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[20] Zhu Dicheng,Pan Guitang,Mo Xuanxue,et al. Petrogenesis of volcanic rocks in the Sangxiu Formation, central segment of Tethyan Himalaya:A probable example of plume-lithosphere interaction[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2007,29(2):320-335.
[21] Zhu Dicheng,Mo Xuan-xue,Pan Guitang,et al. Petrogenesis of the earliest Early Cretaceous mafic rocks from the Cona area of the eastern Tethyan Himalaya in south Tibet:Interaction between the incubating Kerguelen plume and the eastern Greater India lithosphere[J]. Lithos,2008,100(1):147-173.
[22] Zhu Dicheng,Chung Sunlin,Mo Xuanxue,et al. The 132 Ma Comei-Bunbury large igneous province:Remnants identified in present-day southeastern Tibet and southwestern Australia[J].Geology,2009,37(7),583-586.
[23]莫宣学,赵志丹,邓晋福,等.印度-亚洲大陆主碰撞过程的火山作用响应[J].地学前缘,2003,10(3):135-148.
[24]许志琴,杨经绥,李海兵,等.印度-亚洲碰撞大地构造[J].地质学报,2011,85(1):1-33.
[25] Yang Xiongying,Zhang Jinjiang,Qi Guowei,et al. Structure and deformation around the Gyirong basin,northern Himalaya,and onset of the south Tibetan detachment system[J]. Science in China Series D:Earth Sciences,2009,52(8):1046-1058.
[26]张进江,郭磊,丁林.申扎-定结正断层体系中、南段构造特征及其与藏南拆离系关系[J].科学通报,2002,47(10):738-743.
[27] Li Guangming,Li Yingxu,Zhou Qing,et al. The Sedimenthosted Pb-Zn Polymetallic Deposits in Zhaxikang Ore District,Northern Himalayan Metallogenic Belt, Tibet, China[A].Jonsson Erik. Mineral deposit research for a high-tech world[C]. Uppsala,Sweden:Proceedings of the 12th Biennial SGA Meeting,12-15 August 2013. 1439-1442.
[28]杨斌.藏南古堆地区的新生代构造样式[J].地质与勘探,2014,50(增刊):1314-1319.
[29]夏祥标,董随亮,周清,等.西藏山南扎西康铅锌矿整装勘查2012年度报[R].成都地质调查中心和西藏华钰矿业开发有限公司,2012.(内部报告)
[30] Liu Zheng,Zhou Qing,Lai Yang,et al. Petrogenesis of the early Cretaceous laguila bimodal intrusive rocks from the Tethyan Himalaya:implications for the break-up of eastern Gondwana[J]. Lithos,2015,236:190-202.
[31]董磊,李光明,李应栩,等.藏南马扎拉矿区英安岩年代学与地球化学特征及其地质意义[J].地质通报,2016,35(8):1271-1280.
[32]吴建阳,李永灿,刘洪,等.藏南马扎拉金锑矿床电性结构特征与地质解译[J].沉积与特提斯地质,2016,36(3):25-29.
[33]杜劲光.我国最重要的岩金矿床类型[J].地质与勘探,1988,9:20-23.
[34]宋明春,崔书学,杨之利,等.山东焦家金矿带深部找矿的重大突破及其意义[J].地质与勘探,2008,44(1):1-8.
[35]郭俊华,孙彬,杨福立,等.松潘-摩天岭金成矿带控矿特征及找矿标志[J].地质与勘探,2006,42(5):28-33.
[36]雷时斌,齐金忠.甘肃阳山金矿带地球动力学体制与多因耦合成矿作用[J].地质与勘探,2007,43(2):33-39.
[37]孟献真,王根厚,王行军,等.甘肃阳山金矿构造-流体-金成矿作用关系[J].地质与勘探,2012,48(3),580-591.
[38]姜盛洪,王长明,赵海,等.新城金矿稳定同位素地球化学特征及成矿物质的来源[J].地质与勘探,2015,51(1):68-78.
[39]仲文斌,张均,程元路,等.安徽省上成金矿床构造控矿规律与成矿预测[J].地质与勘探,2014,50(4):649-658.
[40]和钟铧,周立宏.内蒙古白乃庙金矿断裂构造控矿研究[J].地质与勘探,2001,37(2):28-31.
[2]冯孝良,杜光树.西藏金矿资源分布规律、矿化类型及找矿方向[J].沉积与特提斯地质,1999,23:31-38.
[3]王军,张均,郑有业.西藏南部马扎拉金锑矿成矿规律初探[J].黄金科学技术,2001,9(3-4):5-11.
[4]王军,张均.西藏南部马扎拉金锑矿成矿特征及找矿方向[J].黄金地质,2001,7(3):15-20.
[5]郑有业,赵永鑫,王苹,等.藏南金锑成矿带成矿规律研究及找矿取得重大进展[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2004,29(1):44,68.
[6]莫儒伟,孙晓明,翟伟,等.藏南马扎拉金锑矿床成矿流体地球化学和成矿机制[J].岩石学报,2013,29(4):1427-1438.
[7]张建芳,郑有业,张刚阳,龚瑞君.西藏北喜马拉雅马扎拉金锑矿床地质特征及成矿作用[J].黄金,2011,(1):20-24.
[8]杨竹森,侯增谦,高伟,等.藏南拆离系锑金成矿特征与成因模式[J].地质学报,2006,80(9):1377-1391.
[9] Yang Zhusen,Hou Zengqian,Meng Xiangjin,et al. Post-collisional Sb and Au mineralization related to the South Tibetan detachment system,Himalayan orogeny[J]. Ore Geology Reviews,2009,36(1):194-212.
[10] Zhai Wei,Sun Xiang,Yi Jianzhou,et al. Geology,geochemistry,and genesis of orogenic gold-antimony mineralization in the Himalayan Orogen, South Tibet, China[J]. Ore Geology Reviews,2014,58(4):68-90.
[11]戚学祥,李天福,孟祥金,于春林.藏南特提斯喜马拉雅前陆断褶带新生代构造演化与锑金多金属成矿作用[J].岩石学报,2008,24(7),1638-1648.
[12]吴建阳,李光明,周清,等.藏南扎西康整装勘查区成矿体系初探[J].中国地质,2015,42(6):1674-1683.
[13]董富权.西藏古堆-隆子地区断裂构造分形特征及其地质意义[J].黄金科学技术,2012,20(6),41-45.
[14]侯增谦,莫宣学,杨志明,等.青藏高原碰撞造山带成矿作用:构造背景,时空分布和主要类型[J].中国地质,2006,33(2):340-351.
[15]侯增谦,曲晓明,杨竹森,等.青藏高原碰撞造山带:Ⅲ后碰撞伸展成矿作用[J].矿床地质,2006,25(6):629-651.
[16]陈智樑,刘宇平.藏南拆离系[J].沉积与特提斯地质,1996,26:31-51.
[17]许志琴,杨经绥,戚学祥,等.印度/亚洲碰撞-南北向和东西向拆离构造与现代喜马拉雅造山机制再讨论[J].地质通报,2006,25(1-2):1-14.
[18]许志琴,杨经绥,李海兵,等.青藏高原与大陆动力学-地体拼合,碰撞造山及高原隆升的深部驱动力[J].中国地质,2006,33(2):221-238.
[19] Yin A,Harrison T M. Geologic evolution of the HimalayanTibetan orogeny[J]. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences,2000,28(1):211-280.
[20] Zhu Dicheng,Pan Guitang,Mo Xuanxue,et al. Petrogenesis of volcanic rocks in the Sangxiu Formation, central segment of Tethyan Himalaya:A probable example of plume-lithosphere interaction[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2007,29(2):320-335.
[21] Zhu Dicheng,Mo Xuan-xue,Pan Guitang,et al. Petrogenesis of the earliest Early Cretaceous mafic rocks from the Cona area of the eastern Tethyan Himalaya in south Tibet:Interaction between the incubating Kerguelen plume and the eastern Greater India lithosphere[J]. Lithos,2008,100(1):147-173.
[22] Zhu Dicheng,Chung Sunlin,Mo Xuanxue,et al. The 132 Ma Comei-Bunbury large igneous province:Remnants identified in present-day southeastern Tibet and southwestern Australia[J].Geology,2009,37(7),583-586.
[23]莫宣学,赵志丹,邓晋福,等.印度-亚洲大陆主碰撞过程的火山作用响应[J].地学前缘,2003,10(3):135-148.
[24]许志琴,杨经绥,李海兵,等.印度-亚洲碰撞大地构造[J].地质学报,2011,85(1):1-33.
[25] Yang Xiongying,Zhang Jinjiang,Qi Guowei,et al. Structure and deformation around the Gyirong basin,northern Himalaya,and onset of the south Tibetan detachment system[J]. Science in China Series D:Earth Sciences,2009,52(8):1046-1058.
[26]张进江,郭磊,丁林.申扎-定结正断层体系中、南段构造特征及其与藏南拆离系关系[J].科学通报,2002,47(10):738-743.
[27] Li Guangming,Li Yingxu,Zhou Qing,et al. The Sedimenthosted Pb-Zn Polymetallic Deposits in Zhaxikang Ore District,Northern Himalayan Metallogenic Belt, Tibet, China[A].Jonsson Erik. Mineral deposit research for a high-tech world[C]. Uppsala,Sweden:Proceedings of the 12th Biennial SGA Meeting,12-15 August 2013. 1439-1442.
[28]杨斌.藏南古堆地区的新生代构造样式[J].地质与勘探,2014,50(增刊):1314-1319.
[29]夏祥标,董随亮,周清,等.西藏山南扎西康铅锌矿整装勘查2012年度报[R].成都地质调查中心和西藏华钰矿业开发有限公司,2012.(内部报告)
[30] Liu Zheng,Zhou Qing,Lai Yang,et al. Petrogenesis of the early Cretaceous laguila bimodal intrusive rocks from the Tethyan Himalaya:implications for the break-up of eastern Gondwana[J]. Lithos,2015,236:190-202.
[31]董磊,李光明,李应栩,等.藏南马扎拉矿区英安岩年代学与地球化学特征及其地质意义[J].地质通报,2016,35(8):1271-1280.
[32]吴建阳,李永灿,刘洪,等.藏南马扎拉金锑矿床电性结构特征与地质解译[J].沉积与特提斯地质,2016,36(3):25-29.
[33]杜劲光.我国最重要的岩金矿床类型[J].地质与勘探,1988,9:20-23.
[34]宋明春,崔书学,杨之利,等.山东焦家金矿带深部找矿的重大突破及其意义[J].地质与勘探,2008,44(1):1-8.
[35]郭俊华,孙彬,杨福立,等.松潘-摩天岭金成矿带控矿特征及找矿标志[J].地质与勘探,2006,42(5):28-33.
[36]雷时斌,齐金忠.甘肃阳山金矿带地球动力学体制与多因耦合成矿作用[J].地质与勘探,2007,43(2):33-39.
[37]孟献真,王根厚,王行军,等.甘肃阳山金矿构造-流体-金成矿作用关系[J].地质与勘探,2012,48(3),580-591.
[38]姜盛洪,王长明,赵海,等.新城金矿稳定同位素地球化学特征及成矿物质的来源[J].地质与勘探,2015,51(1):68-78.
[39]仲文斌,张均,程元路,等.安徽省上成金矿床构造控矿规律与成矿预测[J].地质与勘探,2014,50(4):649-658.
[40]和钟铧,周立宏.内蒙古白乃庙金矿断裂构造控矿研究[J].地质与勘探,2001,37(2):28-31.