“四新”经济对我国职业教育技能供需体系的挑战与对策——以中职智能楼宇专业为例
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摘要
"四新"经济是指生产与服务领域不断涌现新产业、新业态、新技术、新模式的经济新形态。变革快和智能化是"四新"经济对传统职业教育技能供需体系的主要挑战。为应对"四新"经济,职业教育技能供需体系应从企需校供的工业生产模式转变为校企联供的生态发展模式,具体策略包括:优化校企合作制度,实现校企联供;推进现代学徒制,实现供需两侧融合;加强专业化的行业指导,促进供需信息传递;调整人才培养目标,加强综合素养培养。
The "four new" economy refers to the new economic form in which new technology, new business mode, new format and new industry are constantly emerging in the production and service sectors. Rapid change and intelligence are the main challenges of the "four new" economy to the traditional vocational education skill supply and demand system. In order to cope with the "four new" economy, this system should be transformed from the industrial production mode of enterprises need and schools supply to the ecological development mode of school-enterprise link. The specific strategies include the following points: firstly, optimizing the school-enterprise cooperation system and realizing the supply of school-enterprise cooperation; secondly, promoting the modern apprenticeship and realizing the integration of supply and demand; thirdly, strengthening professional industry guidance and promoting the transmission of supply and demand information; lastly, changing the personnel training objectives and strengthening the comprehensive quality.
The "four new" economy refers to the new economic form in which new technology, new business mode, new format and new industry are constantly emerging in the production and service sectors. Rapid change and intelligence are the main challenges of the "four new" economy to the traditional vocational education skill supply and demand system. In order to cope with the "four new" economy, this system should be transformed from the industrial production mode of enterprises need and schools supply to the ecological development mode of school-enterprise link. The specific strategies include the following points: firstly, optimizing the school-enterprise cooperation system and realizing the supply of school-enterprise cooperation; secondly, promoting the modern apprenticeship and realizing the integration of supply and demand; thirdly, strengthening professional industry guidance and promoting the transmission of supply and demand information; lastly, changing the personnel training objectives and strengthening the comprehensive quality.
引文
[1]上海市经济与信息化委员会.《上海“四新经济”发展绿皮书(2015年版)》正式发布(上)[EB/OL].[2015-10-10].http://www.sheitc.gov.cn/sxzl/668133.htm.
[2]赵君丽,吴建环.发达国家“四新”经济的发展及对上海的启示[J].上海经济研究,2015(5):79-85.
[3]魏玮,郝威亚.劳动力技能结构与技术进步引致的经济增长——基于中国经验的实证研究[J].经济与管理研究,2015,36(11):33-39.
[4]上海市经济与信息化委员会.“四新”经济具有哪些特点?拥有哪些模式?[EB/OL].[2015-05-27].http://www.sheitc.gov.cn/sxzl/666751.htm.
[5]石伟平,徐国庆.世界职业教育体系比较研究[J].职业技术教育,2004(1):18-21.
[6]徐国庆.智能化时代职业教育人才培养模式的根本转型[J].教育研究,2016,37(3):72-78.
[7]刘辉,陶凤云.构建技能生态系统:澳大利亚职业教育与培训改革的新趋势[J].教育发展研究,2010(11):45-50.
[8]中华人民共和国中央人民政府.国务院办公厅关于深化产教融合的若干意见(国办发〔2017〕95号)_政府信息公开专栏[EB/OL].(2017-12-05)[2017-12-19].http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2017-12/19/content_5248564.htm.
[9]陈俊兰.职业教育影响青年失业率的实证研究——基于20个国家的数据[J].职教论坛,2015(4):71-75.
[10] European Commission.Rethinking Education:Investing in skills for better socio-economic outcomes[EB/OL].[2014-01-11].http://www.cedefop.europa.eu/en/content/rethink?ing-education-investing-skills-better-socio-economicoutcomes.
[11]丁振中.后现代主义视角下我国职业教育哲学反思[J].教育与职业,2014(17):26-28.
[2]赵君丽,吴建环.发达国家“四新”经济的发展及对上海的启示[J].上海经济研究,2015(5):79-85.
[3]魏玮,郝威亚.劳动力技能结构与技术进步引致的经济增长——基于中国经验的实证研究[J].经济与管理研究,2015,36(11):33-39.
[4]上海市经济与信息化委员会.“四新”经济具有哪些特点?拥有哪些模式?[EB/OL].[2015-05-27].http://www.sheitc.gov.cn/sxzl/666751.htm.
[5]石伟平,徐国庆.世界职业教育体系比较研究[J].职业技术教育,2004(1):18-21.
[6]徐国庆.智能化时代职业教育人才培养模式的根本转型[J].教育研究,2016,37(3):72-78.
[7]刘辉,陶凤云.构建技能生态系统:澳大利亚职业教育与培训改革的新趋势[J].教育发展研究,2010(11):45-50.
[8]中华人民共和国中央人民政府.国务院办公厅关于深化产教融合的若干意见(国办发〔2017〕95号)_政府信息公开专栏[EB/OL].(2017-12-05)[2017-12-19].http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2017-12/19/content_5248564.htm.
[9]陈俊兰.职业教育影响青年失业率的实证研究——基于20个国家的数据[J].职教论坛,2015(4):71-75.
[10] European Commission.Rethinking Education:Investing in skills for better socio-economic outcomes[EB/OL].[2014-01-11].http://www.cedefop.europa.eu/en/content/rethink?ing-education-investing-skills-better-socio-economicoutcomes.
[11]丁振中.后现代主义视角下我国职业教育哲学反思[J].教育与职业,2014(17):26-28.