秦始皇帝陵K0007号陪葬坑23号青铜鹤保护修复
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摘要
秦陵博物院于2000年对位于秦始皇帝陵园外城垣东北角的K0007号陪葬坑进行了抢救性发掘,该坑共出土原大青铜水禽46件。据考古发掘报告,"铜禽坑"在坍塌前曾遭受水淹以及焚烧等人为破坏,加之长期处于高温多湿的埋藏环境,因而青铜水禽出土时腐蚀、矿化、粉化情况十分严重,有的甚至仅剩残块,无法辨识原貌。在这些青铜水禽中,编号为23号的水禽铜鹤尤其造型优美,形态逼真。为了对这件青铜鹤进行保护修复,从其保存现状出发,收集信息资料,检测分析病害原因,并制定保护修复方案,开展了具体实施的步骤。经过修复,达到了最终的展示效果。
Pit K0007, located at the northeast corner of the outer walls of the Mausoleum of the first Qin Emperor, was excavated in the year 2 000, and 46 life-sized bronze waterfowls were unearthed from this pit. According to the report on archaeological excavation, these bronze waterfowls suffered from various diseases because of their harsh burial environment, as well as natural and man-made damage to the pit. Bronze crane No.23 is particularly exquisite and vivid. In order to restore and conserve this precious artifact, we developed a scheme based on its preservation state, disease state and relevant documents. After several essential technical procedures of restoration such as gluing, cleaning, consolidation and pin-connection, the bronze crane finally achieved an ideal exhibition effect.
Pit K0007, located at the northeast corner of the outer walls of the Mausoleum of the first Qin Emperor, was excavated in the year 2 000, and 46 life-sized bronze waterfowls were unearthed from this pit. According to the report on archaeological excavation, these bronze waterfowls suffered from various diseases because of their harsh burial environment, as well as natural and man-made damage to the pit. Bronze crane No.23 is particularly exquisite and vivid. In order to restore and conserve this precious artifact, we developed a scheme based on its preservation state, disease state and relevant documents. After several essential technical procedures of restoration such as gluing, cleaning, consolidation and pin-connection, the bronze crane finally achieved an ideal exhibition effect.
引文
[1] 陕西省考古研究所,秦始皇兵马俑博物馆.秦始皇帝陵园考古发掘报告2001—2003[M].北京:文物出版社,2007:109-110.Shaaxi Provincial Institute of Archaeology, The museum of the terra-cotta warriors and horses of Qin Shihuang. Report on archaeological researches of the Qin Shihuang mausoleum precinct(2001—2003)[M].Beijing: Cultural Relics Press,2007:109-110.
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[6] 白兰,容波,夏寅.铜水禽的金属材料及彩绘层分析[M]//让过去拥有未来:十五年德-中文物保护方法的发展与检验.德国联邦教育研究部,2006:129-133.BLAENSDORF Catharina, RONG Bo, XIA Yin. The analysis of the metallic materials and the colour layer of the bronze birds[M]// Let the future embrace the past: the development and test of the conservation methods in Gemany and China for the last 15 years.Federal Ministry of Education and Research,2006:129-133.
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[2] 邵安定,梅建军,杨军昌,等.秦始皇帝陵园出土彩绘青铜水禽基体材质分析及相关问题研究[J].考古与文物,2016(1):121-128.SAO An-ding, MEI Jian-jun, YANG Jun-chang, et al. Analysis of the alloy composition of painted bronze waterfowls from the mausoleum of the First Emperor Qin and related issues[J]. Archaeology and Cultural Relics,2016(1):121-128.
[3] 邵安定,梅建军,杨军昌,等.秦始皇帝陵园出土彩绘青铜水禽表面彩绘工艺研究[J].文物保护与考古科学,2014,26(3):19-28.SAO An-ding, MEI Jian-jun, YANG Jun-chang, et al. Scientific study on painting techniques used on bronze waterfowls unearthed form Emperor Qin Shihuang’s mausoleum site[J]. Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology,2014,26(3):19-28.
[4] 范宇权,李最雄,于宗仁,等.修复加固材料对莫高窟壁画颜料颜色的影响[J].敦煌研究,2002(4):45-56.FANG Yu-quan, LI Zhui-xiong, YU Zong-ren, et al. The influence of consolidation materials on pigment color of Mogao Grottoes frescoes restoration[J]. Dunhuang Research,2002(4):45-56.
[5] 苏伯民,李茹.三种加固材料对壁画颜色的影响[J].敦煌研究,1996(2):170-179.SU Bo-min, LI Ru. The influence of three kinds of consolidation materials on the color of the murals[J]. Dunhuang Research,1996(2):170-179.
[6] 白兰,容波,夏寅.铜水禽的金属材料及彩绘层分析[M]//让过去拥有未来:十五年德-中文物保护方法的发展与检验.德国联邦教育研究部,2006:129-133.BLAENSDORF Catharina, RONG Bo, XIA Yin. The analysis of the metallic materials and the colour layer of the bronze birds[M]// Let the future embrace the past: the development and test of the conservation methods in Gemany and China for the last 15 years.Federal Ministry of Education and Research,2006:129-133.
[7] 刘江卫.秦始皇陵陪葬坑出土十二号青铜水禽的修复保护报告[M]//文物科技研究(二).北京:科学出版社,2005:52-63.LIU Jiang-wei. The conservation and restoration report of the No. 12 of these bronze birds[M]//Sciences and Technology Research of Cultural Relics(2). Beijing: Science Press,2005:52-63.