新疆某地膨润土离子交换及膨胀性研究
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摘要
以新疆某地膨润土为研究对象,配制KCl、CaCl_2、MgCl_2溶液,系统研究了K~+、Ca~(2+)和Mg~(2+)对该膨润土膨胀指数的影响,通过XRD和FTIR分析了膨胀指数变化的机制。结果表明:膨润土和K~+、Ca~(2+)和Mg~(2+)作用后,最低膨胀指数分别为3.5 mL/g、2.5 mL/g和2.5 mL/g。XRD分析表明:处理前该蒙脱石d(001)=1.259 28 nm,KCl处理后,d(001)=1.237 56 nm;CaCl_2处理后,d(001)增大至1.492 72 nm;MgCl_2处理后,d(001)增大至1.530 05 nm。FTIR表明:处理前该膨润土H-O-H伸缩振动吸收峰为3 451.02 cm~(-1),弯曲振动吸收峰为1 636.92 cm~(-1),1 460.55 cm~(-1),Si-O-Si伸缩振动吸收峰为1 032.56 cm~(-1)。经KCl、CaCl_2、MgCl_2处理后,H-O-H伸缩振动、弯曲振动吸收峰和Si-O-Si伸缩振动吸收峰发生偏移。这些说明膨润土膨胀指数的变化与K~+、Ca~(2+)和Mg~(2+)与蒙脱石层间阳离子发生了交换有关。
Using Xinjiang bentonite as the research object, the preparation of KCl, CaCl_2 and MgCl_2 solution, K~+, Ca~(2+) and Mg~(2+) was systematically studied the effect of swelling index of the bentonite by XRD and FTIR before and after the reaction of bentonite on the characterization. The results show that after the treatment of bentonite with potassium, calcium and magnesium ions the lowest swelling index were respectively 3.5 mL/g, 2.5 mL/g and 2.5 mL/g. XRD showed that after the treatment of KCl, d(001) decreased from 1.259 28 nm to 1.237 56 nm; after the treatment of CaCl_2, d(001) increased to 1.492 72 nm; after the treatment of MgCl_2, d(001) increased to 1.530 05 nm. FTIR showed that before treatment, the H-O-H stretching vibration absorption peak of bentonite was 3 451.02 cm~(-1), the bending vibration absorption peak was 1 636.92 cm~(-1), 1 460.55 cm~(-1), and the Si-O-Si stretching vibration absorption peak was 1 032.56 cm~(-1). After the treatment with KCl, CaCl_2 and MgCl_2, H-O-H stretching vibration bending vibration absorption peak and Si-O-Si stretching vibration absorption peak were offset. It showed that K~+, Ca~(2+) and Mg~(2+) were exchanged with cations in montmorillonite layers.
Using Xinjiang bentonite as the research object, the preparation of KCl, CaCl_2 and MgCl_2 solution, K~+, Ca~(2+) and Mg~(2+) was systematically studied the effect of swelling index of the bentonite by XRD and FTIR before and after the reaction of bentonite on the characterization. The results show that after the treatment of bentonite with potassium, calcium and magnesium ions the lowest swelling index were respectively 3.5 mL/g, 2.5 mL/g and 2.5 mL/g. XRD showed that after the treatment of KCl, d(001) decreased from 1.259 28 nm to 1.237 56 nm; after the treatment of CaCl_2, d(001) increased to 1.492 72 nm; after the treatment of MgCl_2, d(001) increased to 1.530 05 nm. FTIR showed that before treatment, the H-O-H stretching vibration absorption peak of bentonite was 3 451.02 cm~(-1), the bending vibration absorption peak was 1 636.92 cm~(-1), 1 460.55 cm~(-1), and the Si-O-Si stretching vibration absorption peak was 1 032.56 cm~(-1). After the treatment with KCl, CaCl_2 and MgCl_2, H-O-H stretching vibration bending vibration absorption peak and Si-O-Si stretching vibration absorption peak were offset. It showed that K~+, Ca~(2+) and Mg~(2+) were exchanged with cations in montmorillonite layers.
引文
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[3]边策,田正宏,李雪宁.抗盐型GCL膨胀和渗透性试验研究[J].水电能源科学,2016,34(4):82-84.
[4]周正兵,王钊,王俊奇.离子交换对GCL防渗能力的影响[J].长江科学院院报,2002,19(3):39-42.
[5]季桂娟,张培平,姜桂兰.膨润土加工与应用[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2013.
[6] DUTTA J, MISHRA A K. A study on the influence of inorganic salts on the behaviour of compacted bentonites[J]. Applied Clay Science, 2015,116/117:85-92.
[7] ZHU C M, YE W M, CHEN Y G, et al. Influence of salt solutions on the swelling pressure and hydraulic conductivity of compacted GMZ01bentonite[J]. Engineering Geology, 2013, 166:74-80.
[8] CASTELLANOS E, VILLAR M V, Romero E, et al. Chemical impact on the hydro-mechanical behaviour of high-density FEBEX bentonite[J].Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, 2008, 33:5516-5526.
[9] JG/T 193-2006中华人民共和国建筑工业行业标准[S].
[10]徐志强,刘杰,王辉锋,等.钾离子抑制蒙脱石水化膨胀的试验研究[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(2):464-468.
[11]韩永华.高岭石、蒙脱石表面性质及其分散机理的量子化学研究[D].北京:中国矿业大学,2017.
[12]张艺东.碱溶液及离子溶液作用下高庙子膨润土膨胀性及渗透性研究[D].绵阳:西南科技大学,2017.
[13]谢世平,张键,于海波.人工钠基膨润土膨胀容的实验研究[J].环境卫生工程,2012,20(2):61-62.
[14]廖利兵,王丽娟,尹京武,等.矿物材料现代测试技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2010.
[15]蔡冀英,易先玉,王晓.膨润土化学特性测定研究[J].化学通报,1988(3):38-39.
[16]张乃娴,李幼琴,赵惠敏,等.粘土矿物研究方法[M].北京:科学出版社,1990.