竖向钻孔爆破激发振动波频率的衰减特征
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摘要
如何基于频率有效控制爆破地震效应是近年来爆破工程中的热点问题。基于弹性波动理论,借助动力有限元算法,将竖向钻孔爆破中长柱药包等效为多个单元短柱药包迭加,首先了推导Heelan短柱单元激发应力波频域内解析解,根据单元短柱药包解析解的迭加模型,研究了竖向钻孔爆破激发的振动波频率衰减特征。结果表明:高频对应幅值衰减快于低频对应幅值,爆破振动频谱曲线整体向低频方向偏移,由于高低频对应速度幅值衰减速度的差异和速度幅值谱的多峰结构,主频衰减过程中发生突变,如考虑自由面对地震波传播的影响,主频衰减过程中有波动;质心频率的衰减规律相对平滑稳定。爆破振动主频衰减特征研究为基于频率评价爆破振动安全提供了理论依据。
Controlling the adverse seismic effects in terms of dominant vibration frequency is one of the key problems urgently to be solved in the field of blasting engineering.The cylindrical charge in vertical borehole was deposed into several small column charge units.The analytical solution in the frequency domain of stress wave filed induced by small cylindrical charge was derived according to the wave motion theory firstly.Then the amplitude spectrum expression of borehole-blasting vibration was derived by the superposition model of small cylindrical charge.Using the methods of theoretical analysis and numerical simulation,the amplitude spectrum analysis of borehole-blasting vibration was conducted and the attenuation law of dominant frequency of vibration was revealed.The results illustrate that the amplitude of seismic waves corresponding to a higher attenuation term attenuates more quickly,thus the amplitude spectrum move towards the lower frequency direction.The dominant frequency attenuates versus travel distance and a rapid drop of dominant frequency occurs during propagation of seismic waves.Reasons for the unsmooth attenuation of dominant frequency is revealed.Moreover,the presence of one free face in the surrounding rock mass leads to fluctuations during the attenuation of dominant vibration frequency.The centroid frequency attenuates smoothly without any drop or fluctuation.The systematical research will provide the reliable theoretical guidance to improve the accuracy of blasting vibration safety evaluation.
Controlling the adverse seismic effects in terms of dominant vibration frequency is one of the key problems urgently to be solved in the field of blasting engineering.The cylindrical charge in vertical borehole was deposed into several small column charge units.The analytical solution in the frequency domain of stress wave filed induced by small cylindrical charge was derived according to the wave motion theory firstly.Then the amplitude spectrum expression of borehole-blasting vibration was derived by the superposition model of small cylindrical charge.Using the methods of theoretical analysis and numerical simulation,the amplitude spectrum analysis of borehole-blasting vibration was conducted and the attenuation law of dominant frequency of vibration was revealed.The results illustrate that the amplitude of seismic waves corresponding to a higher attenuation term attenuates more quickly,thus the amplitude spectrum move towards the lower frequency direction.The dominant frequency attenuates versus travel distance and a rapid drop of dominant frequency occurs during propagation of seismic waves.Reasons for the unsmooth attenuation of dominant frequency is revealed.Moreover,the presence of one free face in the surrounding rock mass leads to fluctuations during the attenuation of dominant vibration frequency.The centroid frequency attenuates smoothly without any drop or fluctuation.The systematical research will provide the reliable theoretical guidance to improve the accuracy of blasting vibration safety evaluation.
引文
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[15]杨建华,卢文波,严鹏,等.全断面开挖爆破产生的自由面对振动频率的影响研究[J].振动与冲击,2016,35(7):192-197.[15]YANG Jian-hua,LU Wen-bo,YAN Peng,et al.Influences of blast-created free surfaces on blasting vibration frequency during full-face excavation[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2016,35(7):192-197.(in Chinese)
[16]中国生.基于小波变换爆破振动分析的应用基础研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2006.[16]ZHONG Guo-sheng.Applied fundamental research of blasting vibration analysis based on wavelet transform[D].Changsha:Central South University,2006.(in Chinese)
[2]罗忆,卢文波,陈明,等.爆破振动安全判据研究综述[J].爆破,2010,27(1):14-22.[2]LUO Yi,LU Wen-bo,CHEN Ming,et al.View of research on safety criterion of blasting vibration[J].Blasting,2010,27(1):14-22.(in Chinese)
[3]LU Wen-bo,LUO Yi,CHEN Ming,et al.An introduction to Chinese safety regulations for blasting vibration[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2012,67(7):1951-1959.
[4]饶宇,夏元友,胡英国,等.预裂缝对爆破振动频谱分布特征的影响[J].振动与冲击,2017,36(7):191-198.[4]RAO Yu,XIA Yuan-you,HU Ying-guo,et al.Influence of pre-splitting crack on spectrum distribution characteristics of blasting vibration[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2017,36(7):191-198.(in Chinese)
[5]TRIVINO L F,MOHANTY B,MILKEREIT B.Seismic waveforms from explosive sources located in boreholes and initiated in different directions[J].Journal of Applied Geophysics,2012,87(12):81-93.
[6]费鸿禄,曾翔宇,杨智广.隧道掘进爆破振动对地表影响的小波包分析[J].爆炸与冲击,2017,37(1):77-83.[6]FEI Hong-lu,ZENG Xiang-yu,YANG Zhi-guang.Influence of tunnel excavation blasting vibration on earth's surface based on wavelet packet analysis[J].Explosion and Shock Waves,2017,37(1):77-83.(in Chinese)
[7]徐荣文,梁虎,吴从师.不同炮孔直径爆破振动频带能量特征小波分析[J].采矿技术,2016,16(6):62-66.[7]XU Rong-wen,LIANG Hu,WU Cong-shi.Wavelet analysis of blasting borehole diameter on energy spectrum distribution characteristics of blasting vibration[J].Mining Technology,2016,16(6):62-66.(in Chinese)
[8]杨建华,姚池,卢文波,等.深埋隧洞钻爆开挖围岩振动频率特性研究[J].岩土力学,2017,38(4):1195-1202.[8]YANG Jian-hua,YAO Chi,LU Wen-bo,et al.Vibration frequency characteristics of surrounding rock of deep tunnel induced by borehole-blasting[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2017,38(4):1195-1202.(in Chinese)
[9]SHARPE J A.The effect of charge size on reflection records[J].Geophysics,2002,9(2):131-142.
[10]田运生,李战军,汪旭光,等.爆破开挖基坑地震波的频谱特征[J].爆破,2005,22(4):29-31.[10]TIAN Yun-sheng,LI Zhan-jun,WANG Xu-guang,et al.Spectra characteristics of blasting vibration wave from foundation pit excavation[J].Blasting,2005,22(4):29-31.(in Chinese)
[11]石长岩,赵兴柱,姜洪波,等.爆破震动信号频带能量分布特征[J].金属矿山,2014,43(8):6-10.[11]SHI Chang-yan,ZHAO Xing-zhu,JIANG Hong-bo,et al.Frequency band energy distribution characteristics of blasting vibration signals[J].Metal Mine,2014,43(8):6-10.(in Chinese)
[12]卢文波,张乐,周俊汝,等.爆破振动频率衰减机制与衰减规律的理论分析[J].爆破,2013,30(2):1-11.[12]LU Wen-bo,ZHANG Le,ZHOU Jun-ru,et al.Theoretical analysis of decay mechanism and law of blasting vibration frequency[J].Blasting,2013,30(2):1-11.(in Chinese)
[13]HEELAN P A.Radiation from a Cylindrical Source of Finite Length[J].Geophysics,1953,18(3):685.
[14]BLAIR D P.Non-linear superposition models of blast vibration[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics&Mining Sciences,2008,45(2):235-247.
[15]杨建华,卢文波,严鹏,等.全断面开挖爆破产生的自由面对振动频率的影响研究[J].振动与冲击,2016,35(7):192-197.[15]YANG Jian-hua,LU Wen-bo,YAN Peng,et al.Influences of blast-created free surfaces on blasting vibration frequency during full-face excavation[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2016,35(7):192-197.(in Chinese)
[16]中国生.基于小波变换爆破振动分析的应用基础研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2006.[16]ZHONG Guo-sheng.Applied fundamental research of blasting vibration analysis based on wavelet transform[D].Changsha:Central South University,2006.(in Chinese)