镍添加对粉末冶金Al_(94.5)Cu_4Mg_(1.5)耐腐蚀性能的提升作用
|
摘要
通过常规粉末冶金工艺制备了Al_(94.5)Cu_4Mg_(1.5)Ni_x(x=0、2、4、6、8(%,质量分数))试样,研究了不同Ni含量试样在3.5%NaCl溶液中的耐腐蚀性能。利用X射线衍射(XRD)技术分析了试样烧结后的物相组成,通过电化学实验和失重腐蚀实验分析得到了试样的腐蚀数据,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察了试样的腐蚀形貌,并通过能谱仪(EDS)进行了微区成分分析。研究结果表明:烧结反应进行良好,Ni在烧结过程中可与Al反应生成金属间化合物Al_3Ni_2,铝基体在3.5%NaCl溶液中发生点蚀腐蚀,Ni的加入能够提高铝基体的腐蚀电位,减小腐蚀电流,使得基体的腐蚀程度减轻,材料的耐腐蚀性能提高。
The present paper aims to investigate the influence of Ni content on the corrosion behavior(in 3.5% NaCl solution)of Al-Cu-Mg alloys whose nominal compositions are Al_(94.5-x)Cu_4Mg_(1.5)Ni_x(x=0,2,4,6,8(wt%)),prepared by the conventional powder metallurgy process.Electrochemical test and weight loss experiment were carried out,and the phase composition,corrosion morphology and selected-area element analysis of the sintered samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS),respectively.The results showed that the sintered samples possessed excellent inter-particle bonding.An intermetallic compound Al_3Ni_2 can be generated from Ni and Al in the sintering process.Pitting corrosion occurred in the Al-Cu-Mg matrix immersed in 3.5% NaCl solution.Ni addition can raise the corrosion potential of Al-Cu-Mg matrix,inhibit the corrosion current,thus mitigating the materia's corrosion,and improving the corrosion resistance.
The present paper aims to investigate the influence of Ni content on the corrosion behavior(in 3.5% NaCl solution)of Al-Cu-Mg alloys whose nominal compositions are Al_(94.5-x)Cu_4Mg_(1.5)Ni_x(x=0,2,4,6,8(wt%)),prepared by the conventional powder metallurgy process.Electrochemical test and weight loss experiment were carried out,and the phase composition,corrosion morphology and selected-area element analysis of the sintered samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS),respectively.The results showed that the sintered samples possessed excellent inter-particle bonding.An intermetallic compound Al_3Ni_2 can be generated from Ni and Al in the sintering process.Pitting corrosion occurred in the Al-Cu-Mg matrix immersed in 3.5% NaCl solution.Ni addition can raise the corrosion potential of Al-Cu-Mg matrix,inhibit the corrosion current,thus mitigating the materia's corrosion,and improving the corrosion resistance.
引文
1 Jin Peng,Liu Yue,Li Shu,et al.Aerospace applications of particulate reinforced aluminum matrix composites[J].Mater Revi:Rev,2009,23(6):24(in Chinese).金鹏,刘越,李曙,等.颗粒增强铝基复合材料在航空航天领域的应用[J].材料导报:综述篇,2009,23(6):24.
2 Wang Zhutang.Manufacture and performances of aluminum matrix composites used for automobile[J].Light Alloy Fabrication Technol,2012,40(1):1(in Chinese).王祝堂.汽车铝基复合材料的制备与性能[J].轻合金加工技术,2012,40(1):1.
3 Zhang Chunzhi,Bian Xiufang.Review of current situation and development trends of aluminum powder metallurgy alloys[J].Specialcast Non-ferrous Alloys,2008(S1):55(in Chinese).张春芝,边秀房.粉末冶金铝合金的研究现状和发展趋势[J].特种铸造及有色合金2008,(S1):55.
4 Smith L J B,Corbin S F,et al.Development and processing of novel aluminum powder metallurgy materials for heat sink applications[J].Metall Mater Trans A,2014,45(2):980.
5 Hayashi T,Tokuoka T,Amano N.Development and productization of high performance powder metallurgy materials[J].J Jpn Soc Powder Powder Metall,2015,62(8):415.
6 Ma Guojun,Ding Tianyu,et al.Research on powder metallurgy processing for preparing Al matrix composites[J].Mater Revi:Res,2013,27(8):149(in Chinese).马国俊,丁田雨,金培鹏,等.粉末冶金法制备铝基复合材料的研究[J].材料导报:研究篇,2013,27(8):149.
7 Ge Sujing,Xu Cong,Wang Hongtao,et al.Microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-10Si alloys fabricated by powder metallurgy and casting[J].Light Alloy Fabrication Technol,2016,44(8):19(in Chinese).葛素静,徐聪,王宏涛,等.粉末冶金和铸造Al-10Si合金的组织和力学性能对比[J].轻合金加工技术,2016,44(8):19.
8 Wu Hao,Wu Xingping,Chen Minghai,et al.Preparation and frictional and abrasive characteristics of carbon nanotube reinforced aluminum-base composite[J].Heat Treatment,2013,28(5):44(in Chinese).吴昊,吴星平,陈名海,等.碳纳米管增强铝基复合材料的制备及摩擦磨损性能[J].热处理,2013,28(5):44.
9 Antony V K C,Selwin Rajadurai J,Sundararajan S.Performance enrichment on tribological characteristics of powder metallurgy processed aluminium particulate composites by inclusion of rutile(TiO2)[J].J Mater Res,2016,31(16):2445.
10 Yildirim M,Ozyürek D,GürüM.The effects of precipitate size on the hardness and wear behaviors of aged 7075aluminum alloys produced by powder metallurgy route[J].Arabian J Sci Eng,2016,41(11):1.
11 Bai Yun,Han Enhou,Tan Ruobing,et al.Research of the properties of the aluminium matrix composites[J].Mater Protection,2003,36(9):5(in Chinese).白芸,韩恩厚,谭若兵,等.铝基复合材料性能的研究现状[J].材料保护,2003,36(9):5.
12 Zakaria H M.Microstructural and corrosion behavior of Al/SiC metal matrix composites[J].Ain Shams Eng J,2014,5(3):831.
13 Paciej R C,Agarwala V S.Metallurgical variables influencing the corrosion susceptibility of a powder metallurgy SiCw/Al composite[J].Corrosion,1986,42(12):718.
14 Miao Jiong.Effect of carbon,copper,nickel on properties and size changes of iron base P/M material[J].Powder Metall Ind,2005,15(3):10(in Chinese).缪炯.碳、铜、镍含量对铁基粉末冶金材料性能和尺寸变化的影响[J].粉末冶金工业,2005,15(3):10.
15 Yu Yalan,Yuan Nan,Jiang Danlu,et al.Effects of nickel and graphite content on new copper matrix P/M materials for pantograph slider[J].Mater Sci Eng Powder Metall,2015,20(3):419(in Chinese).余亚岚,袁楠,江丹露,等.镍与石墨含量对新型铜基粉末冶金受电弓滑板材料性能的影响[J].粉末冶金材料科学与工程,2015,20(3):419.
16 Yao Guanxin,Niu Huawei.Effects of nickel on tribological wear properties of copper-based powder metallurgy friction material[J].Hot Working Technol,2016,45(8):121(in Chinese).姚冠新,牛华伟.镍对铜基粉末冶金摩擦材料摩擦磨损性能的影响[J].热加工工艺,2016,45(8):121.
17 Cao Guoliang,Li Guoming,Chen Shan,et al.Comparison on pitting corrosion resistance of nickel and chromium in typical sea water resistance steels[J].Acta Metall Sin,2010,46(6):748(in Chinese).曹国良,李国明,陈珊,等.典型耐海水腐蚀钢中Ni和Cr耐点蚀作用的比较[J].金属学报,2010,46(6):748.
18杨熙珍,杨武.金属腐蚀电化学热力学电位-PH图及其应用[M].北京:化学工业出版社,1991.
19黄建中,左禹.材料的耐蚀性和腐蚀数据[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2003.
20 Wang Binbin,Wang Zhenxiao,Cao Gongwang,et al.Local corrosion of aluminum alloy 2024exposed to salt lake atmospheric environment in western China[J].Acta Metall Sin,2014,50(1):49(in Chinese).王彬彬,王振尧,曹公望,等.2024铝合金在中国西部盐湖大气环境中的局部腐蚀行为[J].金属学报,2014,50(1):49.
21 Lu Bizhi,Long Jianzhan,et al.Study on the synthesis mechanism of Ni-Al intermetallic compound[J].Cemented Carbide,2011,28(5):276(in Chinese).陆必志,龙坚战,等.Ni-Al金属间化合物合成机理的研究[J].硬质合金,2011,28(5):276.
22 Kimata T,Uenishi K,Ikenaga A,et al.Formation of thick NiAl composite coating on spheroidal graphite cast iron substrates by reaction synthesis processing[J].Mater Trans,2003,44(3):407.
23 Krasnowski M,Gierlotka S,Kulik T.Nanocrystalline matrix Al3Ni2-Al-Al3Ni composites produced by reactive hot-pressing of milled powders[J].Intermetallics,2014,54(6):193.
24 Rashidi A M,Amadeh A.A study on the aluminizing of electrodeposited nickel at 500℃[J].Iranian J Mater Sci Eng,2010,7(2):6.
25 Yu Kun,Song Juemin,Chen Fuwen,et al.Effect of annealing on interfacial compound and property of Ni-Al composite strip[J].JCentral South University:Sci Technol,2011,42(8):2297(in Chinese).余琨,宋觉敏,陈福文,等.退火对层状复合Ni-Al双金属带界面化合物和性能的影响[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版,2011,42(8):2297.
26 RodríGuez J J S,Hernández F J S,González J E G.The effect of environmental and meteorological variables on atmospheric corrosion of carbon steel,copper,zinc and aluminium in a limited geographic zone with different types of environment[J].Corros Sci,2003,45(4):799.
27 Wang Hongxing,Sheng Xiaobo,Chu Chenglin,et al.Aluminizing microstructure and its formation mechanism on electro-deposited nickel layer on copper matrix[J].Chin J Nonferrous Metals,2007,17(10):1616(in Chinese).王红星,盛晓波,储成林,等.Cu基体电镀Ni层表面渗Al组织及其形成机理[J].中国有色金属学报,2007,17(10):1616.
28 Ma Guoyin.Analysis of nickel and nickel alloy corrosion resistance[J].Chem Equipment Technol,2007,28(1):71(in Chinese).马国印.镍和镍合金耐腐蚀性分析[J].化工装备技术,2007,28(1):71.
29 Wang Liteng,Luo Wei,Gong Hailong.Influence of Ni addition on corrosion performance of medium-temperature filler metal with low Cu content for Al brazed joints[J].J Mater Sci&Eng,2014,32(4):516(in Chinese).王丽腾,罗伟,宫海龙.添加Ni元素对新型高强度低Cu中温铝合金钎料腐蚀性能的影响[J].材料科学与工程学报,2014,32(4):516.
30 Zhao Jialei,Jie Jinchuan,Chen Fei,et al.Effect of immersion Ni plating on interface microstructure and mechanical properties of Al/Cu bimetal[J].Trans Nonferrous Metals Soc China,2014,24(6):1659.
2 Wang Zhutang.Manufacture and performances of aluminum matrix composites used for automobile[J].Light Alloy Fabrication Technol,2012,40(1):1(in Chinese).王祝堂.汽车铝基复合材料的制备与性能[J].轻合金加工技术,2012,40(1):1.
3 Zhang Chunzhi,Bian Xiufang.Review of current situation and development trends of aluminum powder metallurgy alloys[J].Specialcast Non-ferrous Alloys,2008(S1):55(in Chinese).张春芝,边秀房.粉末冶金铝合金的研究现状和发展趋势[J].特种铸造及有色合金2008,(S1):55.
4 Smith L J B,Corbin S F,et al.Development and processing of novel aluminum powder metallurgy materials for heat sink applications[J].Metall Mater Trans A,2014,45(2):980.
5 Hayashi T,Tokuoka T,Amano N.Development and productization of high performance powder metallurgy materials[J].J Jpn Soc Powder Powder Metall,2015,62(8):415.
6 Ma Guojun,Ding Tianyu,et al.Research on powder metallurgy processing for preparing Al matrix composites[J].Mater Revi:Res,2013,27(8):149(in Chinese).马国俊,丁田雨,金培鹏,等.粉末冶金法制备铝基复合材料的研究[J].材料导报:研究篇,2013,27(8):149.
7 Ge Sujing,Xu Cong,Wang Hongtao,et al.Microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-10Si alloys fabricated by powder metallurgy and casting[J].Light Alloy Fabrication Technol,2016,44(8):19(in Chinese).葛素静,徐聪,王宏涛,等.粉末冶金和铸造Al-10Si合金的组织和力学性能对比[J].轻合金加工技术,2016,44(8):19.
8 Wu Hao,Wu Xingping,Chen Minghai,et al.Preparation and frictional and abrasive characteristics of carbon nanotube reinforced aluminum-base composite[J].Heat Treatment,2013,28(5):44(in Chinese).吴昊,吴星平,陈名海,等.碳纳米管增强铝基复合材料的制备及摩擦磨损性能[J].热处理,2013,28(5):44.
9 Antony V K C,Selwin Rajadurai J,Sundararajan S.Performance enrichment on tribological characteristics of powder metallurgy processed aluminium particulate composites by inclusion of rutile(TiO2)[J].J Mater Res,2016,31(16):2445.
10 Yildirim M,Ozyürek D,GürüM.The effects of precipitate size on the hardness and wear behaviors of aged 7075aluminum alloys produced by powder metallurgy route[J].Arabian J Sci Eng,2016,41(11):1.
11 Bai Yun,Han Enhou,Tan Ruobing,et al.Research of the properties of the aluminium matrix composites[J].Mater Protection,2003,36(9):5(in Chinese).白芸,韩恩厚,谭若兵,等.铝基复合材料性能的研究现状[J].材料保护,2003,36(9):5.
12 Zakaria H M.Microstructural and corrosion behavior of Al/SiC metal matrix composites[J].Ain Shams Eng J,2014,5(3):831.
13 Paciej R C,Agarwala V S.Metallurgical variables influencing the corrosion susceptibility of a powder metallurgy SiCw/Al composite[J].Corrosion,1986,42(12):718.
14 Miao Jiong.Effect of carbon,copper,nickel on properties and size changes of iron base P/M material[J].Powder Metall Ind,2005,15(3):10(in Chinese).缪炯.碳、铜、镍含量对铁基粉末冶金材料性能和尺寸变化的影响[J].粉末冶金工业,2005,15(3):10.
15 Yu Yalan,Yuan Nan,Jiang Danlu,et al.Effects of nickel and graphite content on new copper matrix P/M materials for pantograph slider[J].Mater Sci Eng Powder Metall,2015,20(3):419(in Chinese).余亚岚,袁楠,江丹露,等.镍与石墨含量对新型铜基粉末冶金受电弓滑板材料性能的影响[J].粉末冶金材料科学与工程,2015,20(3):419.
16 Yao Guanxin,Niu Huawei.Effects of nickel on tribological wear properties of copper-based powder metallurgy friction material[J].Hot Working Technol,2016,45(8):121(in Chinese).姚冠新,牛华伟.镍对铜基粉末冶金摩擦材料摩擦磨损性能的影响[J].热加工工艺,2016,45(8):121.
17 Cao Guoliang,Li Guoming,Chen Shan,et al.Comparison on pitting corrosion resistance of nickel and chromium in typical sea water resistance steels[J].Acta Metall Sin,2010,46(6):748(in Chinese).曹国良,李国明,陈珊,等.典型耐海水腐蚀钢中Ni和Cr耐点蚀作用的比较[J].金属学报,2010,46(6):748.
18杨熙珍,杨武.金属腐蚀电化学热力学电位-PH图及其应用[M].北京:化学工业出版社,1991.
19黄建中,左禹.材料的耐蚀性和腐蚀数据[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2003.
20 Wang Binbin,Wang Zhenxiao,Cao Gongwang,et al.Local corrosion of aluminum alloy 2024exposed to salt lake atmospheric environment in western China[J].Acta Metall Sin,2014,50(1):49(in Chinese).王彬彬,王振尧,曹公望,等.2024铝合金在中国西部盐湖大气环境中的局部腐蚀行为[J].金属学报,2014,50(1):49.
21 Lu Bizhi,Long Jianzhan,et al.Study on the synthesis mechanism of Ni-Al intermetallic compound[J].Cemented Carbide,2011,28(5):276(in Chinese).陆必志,龙坚战,等.Ni-Al金属间化合物合成机理的研究[J].硬质合金,2011,28(5):276.
22 Kimata T,Uenishi K,Ikenaga A,et al.Formation of thick NiAl composite coating on spheroidal graphite cast iron substrates by reaction synthesis processing[J].Mater Trans,2003,44(3):407.
23 Krasnowski M,Gierlotka S,Kulik T.Nanocrystalline matrix Al3Ni2-Al-Al3Ni composites produced by reactive hot-pressing of milled powders[J].Intermetallics,2014,54(6):193.
24 Rashidi A M,Amadeh A.A study on the aluminizing of electrodeposited nickel at 500℃[J].Iranian J Mater Sci Eng,2010,7(2):6.
25 Yu Kun,Song Juemin,Chen Fuwen,et al.Effect of annealing on interfacial compound and property of Ni-Al composite strip[J].JCentral South University:Sci Technol,2011,42(8):2297(in Chinese).余琨,宋觉敏,陈福文,等.退火对层状复合Ni-Al双金属带界面化合物和性能的影响[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版,2011,42(8):2297.
26 RodríGuez J J S,Hernández F J S,González J E G.The effect of environmental and meteorological variables on atmospheric corrosion of carbon steel,copper,zinc and aluminium in a limited geographic zone with different types of environment[J].Corros Sci,2003,45(4):799.
27 Wang Hongxing,Sheng Xiaobo,Chu Chenglin,et al.Aluminizing microstructure and its formation mechanism on electro-deposited nickel layer on copper matrix[J].Chin J Nonferrous Metals,2007,17(10):1616(in Chinese).王红星,盛晓波,储成林,等.Cu基体电镀Ni层表面渗Al组织及其形成机理[J].中国有色金属学报,2007,17(10):1616.
28 Ma Guoyin.Analysis of nickel and nickel alloy corrosion resistance[J].Chem Equipment Technol,2007,28(1):71(in Chinese).马国印.镍和镍合金耐腐蚀性分析[J].化工装备技术,2007,28(1):71.
29 Wang Liteng,Luo Wei,Gong Hailong.Influence of Ni addition on corrosion performance of medium-temperature filler metal with low Cu content for Al brazed joints[J].J Mater Sci&Eng,2014,32(4):516(in Chinese).王丽腾,罗伟,宫海龙.添加Ni元素对新型高强度低Cu中温铝合金钎料腐蚀性能的影响[J].材料科学与工程学报,2014,32(4):516.
30 Zhao Jialei,Jie Jinchuan,Chen Fei,et al.Effect of immersion Ni plating on interface microstructure and mechanical properties of Al/Cu bimetal[J].Trans Nonferrous Metals Soc China,2014,24(6):1659.