~(137)Cs测年的1986年时标探讨
|
摘要
本文依据日本监测的~(137)Cs年大气沉降通量,利用相应的降水数据进行修正,定量分析长江口1986年~(137)Cs大气沉降特征,结合长江口沉积物中~(137)Cs与239+240Pu比活度垂直剖面的分布特征对1986年时标进行探讨,同时讨论了识别该时标的方法。结论如下:(1)长江口~(137)Cs大气沉降通量趋势与日本东京基本一致,1986年都存在明显的~(137)Cs沉降峰,所以长江口沉积物中应存在切尔诺贝利核事故泄露的~(137)Cs蓄积峰记录。(2)相比于稳定的湖泊沉积环境,沉积动力环境复杂的长江口可以结合Pu同位素推断~(137)Cs剖面的1986年次级峰,但是根据沉积物平均沉积速率、蓄积峰比值等推算此次级峰较为困难,所以对1986年辅助计年时标的应用要慎重。
In this work, we revise the corresponding precipitation data with the ~(137)Cs atmospheric deposition monitored by Japan and accordingly analyze the atmospheric depositional characteristics of Yangtze River Estuary in 1986. In addition, the distributions of~(137)Cs and239 +240 Pu activity in vertical profile in sediments are combined to study the dating marker 1986 in Yangtze Estuary, and the methods of determining the marker are also discussed. The results are as follows:( 1) Trend of atmospheric deposition of~(137)Cs in the Yangtze River Estuary is nearly consistent with that of Tokyo, and there is an obvious peak of~(137)Cs in 1986. Therefore, sediments in the Yangtze River Estuary should exist~(137)Cs accumulation peak record resulted from Chernobyl nuclear accident;(2) Sedimentary dynamics are complicated in Yangtze River Estuary compared with stable lacustrine deposition environment. We used plutonium isotope to infer the sub-peak in~(137)Cs profile related to 1986. However,it is difficult to reckon this peak on the basis of average deposition rate and accumulation peak ratio. Hence, the application of the time marker 1986 should be careful.
In this work, we revise the corresponding precipitation data with the ~(137)Cs atmospheric deposition monitored by Japan and accordingly analyze the atmospheric depositional characteristics of Yangtze River Estuary in 1986. In addition, the distributions of~(137)Cs and239 +240 Pu activity in vertical profile in sediments are combined to study the dating marker 1986 in Yangtze Estuary, and the methods of determining the marker are also discussed. The results are as follows:( 1) Trend of atmospheric deposition of~(137)Cs in the Yangtze River Estuary is nearly consistent with that of Tokyo, and there is an obvious peak of~(137)Cs in 1986. Therefore, sediments in the Yangtze River Estuary should exist~(137)Cs accumulation peak record resulted from Chernobyl nuclear accident;(2) Sedimentary dynamics are complicated in Yangtze River Estuary compared with stable lacustrine deposition environment. We used plutonium isotope to infer the sub-peak in~(137)Cs profile related to 1986. However,it is difficult to reckon this peak on the basis of average deposition rate and accumulation peak ratio. Hence, the application of the time marker 1986 should be careful.
引文
Aoyama M,Hiorse K,Suzuki Y,1986.High level radioactive nuclides in Japan in May.Nature,321:819-820.
Aoyama M,Hirose K,Igarashi Y,2006.Reconstruction and updating our understanding on the global weapons tests137Cs fallout.Journal of Environmental Monitoring,8(4):431-438.
Aoyama M,Hirose K,Takatani S,1992.Particle size dependent dry deposition velocity of the Chernobyl radioactivity.In:Schwartz,S.E.,Slinn,W.G.N.(Eds.),Precipitation Scavenging and Atmospheric Surface Exchange Processes:Fifth International Conference,Hemisphere,3:1581-1593.
Asano T,Sato K,Onodera J,2010.United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation 2000 Report.
Carter M W,Moghissi A A,1977.Three decades of nuclear testing.Health Physics,33(1):55-71.
Hanson W C,1975.Ecological considerations of the behavior of plutonium in the environment.Health Physics,28(5):529-537.
Hardy E P,Krey P W,Volchok H L,1973.Global inventory and distribution of fallout plutonium.Nature,241:444-445.
Hirose K,Igarashi Y,Aoyama M,2008.Analysis of the 50-year records of the atmospheric deposition of long-lived radionuclides in Japan.Applied Radiation&Isotopes Including Data Instrumentation&Methods for Use in Agriculture Industry&Medicine,66(11):1675-1678.
Hirose K,Igarashi Y,Aoyama M,et al,2001.Long-term trends of plutonium fallout observed in Japan.Radioactivity in the Environment,1(1):251-266.
Igarashi Y,Aoyama M,Hirose K,et al,2004.Resuspension:decadal monitoring time series of the anthropogenic radioactivity deposition in Japan.Journal of Radiation Research,44(4):319-328.
Ivanka Lovrenˇcic'M I,Ore觢canin V,譒karo K,2016.Variation of sedimentation rate in the semi-enclosed bay determined by137Cs distribution in sediment(Ka觢tela Bay,Croatia).Journal of Environmental Radioactivity.
Krey P W,Hardy E P,Pachucki C,et al,1976.Mass isotopic composition of global fallout plutonium in soil.Transuranium Nuclides in the Environment IAEA,Vienna,IAEA-SM-199/39.
Lee M H,Lee C W,Boo B H,1997.Distribution and characteristics of239,240Pu and137Cs in the soil of Korea.J Environ Radioactivity,37(01):1-16.
Pálsson S E,Howard B J,Wright S M,2006.Prediction of spatial variation in global fallout of137Cs using precipitation.Science of the Total Environment,367(2-3):745-756.
Pan S M,Tims S G,Liu X Y,et al,2011.137Cs,239+240Pu concentrations and the240Pu/239Pu atom ratio in a sediment core from the sub-aqueous delta of Yangtze River estuary.Journal of Environmental Radioactivity,102:930-936.
Ritchie J C,Mchenry J R,2007.A comparison of three methods for measuring recent rates of sediment accumulation.Jawra Journal of the American Water Resources Association,21(1):99-104.
Robbins J A,Edgington D N,Kemp A L W,1978.Comparative210Pb,137Cs and pollen geochronologies of sediments from Lakes Ontarioand Erie.Quaternary Research,10(2):256-278.
Rwan J S,1993.The geomorphology and sedimentology of lakes and reservoirs,John Wiley&Sons Ltd(Chichester),55-71.Science Society of America Jour nal,50(5):1303-1309.
Tsabaris C,Patiris D L,Fillis-Tsirakis E,et al,2015.Vertical distribution of137Cs activity concentration in marine sediments at Amvrakikos Gulf,western of Greece.Journal of Environmental Radioactivity,144:1-8.
Tylmann W,Enters D,Kinder M,et al,2013.Multiple dating of varved sediments from Lake覵azduny,northern Poland:toward an improved chronology for the last 150 years.Quat.Geochronol.15:98-107.
UNSCEAR,2000.Sources and effects of ionizing radiation.New York:United Nations.
Walling D E,He Q,1997.Use of fallout137Cs in investigations of overbank sediment deposition on river floodplains.Catena,29:263-282.
Wang H,Huo Y,Zeng L,et al,2008.A 42-yr soil erosion record inferred from mineral magnetism of reservoir sediments in a small carbonaterock catchment,Guizhou Plateau,southwest China.Journal of Paleolimnology,40(3):897-921.
Warneke T,Croudace I W,Warwick P E,et al,2002.A new ground-level fallout record of uranium and plutonium isotopes for northern temperate latitudes.Earth&Planetary Science Letters,203(3-4):1047-1057.
Woszczyk M,Per ba G,覵ukasz Malinowski,2017.210Pb,137Cs and 7Be in the sediments of coastal lakes on the polish coast:Implications for sedimentary processes.Journal of Environmental Radioactivity,s169-170:174-185.
Xiang L,Lu X X,Higgitt D L,et al,2003.Recent lake sedimentation in the middle and lower Yangtze basin inferred from Cs and Pbmeasurements.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,21(1):77-86.
Zheng J,Yamada M,2006.Plutonium isotopes in Settling particles:transport and Scavenging of Pu in the western Northwest Pacific.Environ.Sci.Technol.,40:4103-4108.
Zhu L F,Li Y F,Chen L,et al,2002.Environmental changes reflected by the lake sediments of the South Hongshan Lake,Northwest Tibet.Science China Earth Sciences,45(5):430-439.
柴社立,高丽娜,邱殿明,等,2013.吉林省西部月亮湖沉积物的210Pb和137Cs测年及沉积速率.吉林大学学报(地球科学版),(1):134-141.
符荣初,王惠玉,1992.切尔诺贝利核电站事故后苏州市环境介质中134Cs,137Cs含量变化和剂量评价.中国核科技报告,(4):263-265.
顾芳,丛树越,江俭玲,1988.苏联切尔诺贝利核电站事故对上海地区的影响.上海环境科学,(8):27-28.
胡春明,李曜,尤立,等,2017.三门峡坝下河漫滩沉积物137Cs、210Pb计年研究.人民黄河,(4):62-65.
李文权,李淑英,1991.137Cs法测定厦门西港和九龙江口现代沉积物的沉积速率.海洋通报,(3):63-68.
刘斯文,储国强,赖忠平,等,2016.放射性核素210Pbuns、137Cs测定巴丹吉林沙漠湖泊岩心的年代及沉积速率.地质学报,90(8):2013-2022.
刘志勇,2011.长江口及苏北潮滩沉积物中放射性核素钚(Pu)的分布特征与环境意义.南京大学.
潘少明,郭大永,刘志勇,等,2008.137Cs剖面的沉积信息提取──以香港贝澳湿地为例.沉积学报,26(4):655-660.
潘少明,朱大奎,李炎,等,1997.河口港湾沉积物中的137Cs剖面及其沉积学意义.沉积学报,15(4):67-71.
庞仁松,潘少明,王安东,2011.长江口泥质区18#柱样的现代沉积速率及其环境指示意义.海洋通报,(3):294-301.
齐永青,张信宝,贺秀斌,等,2009.中国137Cs本底值区域分布研究.核技术,29(1):42-50.
万国江,1999.现代沉积年分辨的137Cs计年──以云南洱海和贵州红枫湖为例.第四纪研究,19(1):72-80.
万国江,吴丰昌,J Zheng,等,2011.239+240Pu作为湖泊沉积物计年时标:以云南程海为例.环境科学学报,31(5):979-986.
项亮,王苏民,1996.切尔诺贝利核事故泄漏137Cs在苏皖地区湖泊沉积物中的蓄积及时标意义.海洋与湖沼,27(2):132-137.
胥思勤,万国江,2001.云南省程海现代沉积物中137Cs,210Pb的分布及计年研究.地球与环境,29(1):28-31.
徐仪红,潘少明,2012.Pu同位素在土壤侵蚀示踪中的应用.土壤学报,49(5):1021-1029.
杨彪,王福,田立柱,等,2016.独流减河盐沼210Pbexc和137Cs剖面记录的现代洪水事件沉积.海洋学研究,34(2):25-34.
张克新,潘少明,徐仪红,等,2016.利用137Cs大气沉降通量估算土壤侵蚀速率的可行性研究──以辽东湾地区为例.生态学杂志,35(1):269-274.
张瑞,潘少明,汪亚平,等,2008.长江河口水下三角洲137Cs地球化学分布特征.第四纪研究,28(4):629-639.
张信宝,2005.有关湖泊沉积137Cs深度分布资料解译的探讨.山地学报,23(3):294-299.
张燕,潘少明,彭补拙,2005a.用137Cs计年法确定湖泊沉积物沉积速率研究进展.地球科学进展,20(6):671-678.
张燕,彭补拙,陈捷,等,2005b.借助137Cs估算滇池沉积量.地理学报,1:71-78.
周丽英,杨凯,2001.上海降水百年变化趋势及其城郊的差异.地理学报,56(4):467-476.
Aoyama M,Hirose K,Igarashi Y,2006.Reconstruction and updating our understanding on the global weapons tests137Cs fallout.Journal of Environmental Monitoring,8(4):431-438.
Aoyama M,Hirose K,Takatani S,1992.Particle size dependent dry deposition velocity of the Chernobyl radioactivity.In:Schwartz,S.E.,Slinn,W.G.N.(Eds.),Precipitation Scavenging and Atmospheric Surface Exchange Processes:Fifth International Conference,Hemisphere,3:1581-1593.
Asano T,Sato K,Onodera J,2010.United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation 2000 Report.
Carter M W,Moghissi A A,1977.Three decades of nuclear testing.Health Physics,33(1):55-71.
Hanson W C,1975.Ecological considerations of the behavior of plutonium in the environment.Health Physics,28(5):529-537.
Hardy E P,Krey P W,Volchok H L,1973.Global inventory and distribution of fallout plutonium.Nature,241:444-445.
Hirose K,Igarashi Y,Aoyama M,2008.Analysis of the 50-year records of the atmospheric deposition of long-lived radionuclides in Japan.Applied Radiation&Isotopes Including Data Instrumentation&Methods for Use in Agriculture Industry&Medicine,66(11):1675-1678.
Hirose K,Igarashi Y,Aoyama M,et al,2001.Long-term trends of plutonium fallout observed in Japan.Radioactivity in the Environment,1(1):251-266.
Igarashi Y,Aoyama M,Hirose K,et al,2004.Resuspension:decadal monitoring time series of the anthropogenic radioactivity deposition in Japan.Journal of Radiation Research,44(4):319-328.
Ivanka Lovrenˇcic'M I,Ore觢canin V,譒karo K,2016.Variation of sedimentation rate in the semi-enclosed bay determined by137Cs distribution in sediment(Ka觢tela Bay,Croatia).Journal of Environmental Radioactivity.
Krey P W,Hardy E P,Pachucki C,et al,1976.Mass isotopic composition of global fallout plutonium in soil.Transuranium Nuclides in the Environment IAEA,Vienna,IAEA-SM-199/39.
Lee M H,Lee C W,Boo B H,1997.Distribution and characteristics of239,240Pu and137Cs in the soil of Korea.J Environ Radioactivity,37(01):1-16.
Pálsson S E,Howard B J,Wright S M,2006.Prediction of spatial variation in global fallout of137Cs using precipitation.Science of the Total Environment,367(2-3):745-756.
Pan S M,Tims S G,Liu X Y,et al,2011.137Cs,239+240Pu concentrations and the240Pu/239Pu atom ratio in a sediment core from the sub-aqueous delta of Yangtze River estuary.Journal of Environmental Radioactivity,102:930-936.
Ritchie J C,Mchenry J R,2007.A comparison of three methods for measuring recent rates of sediment accumulation.Jawra Journal of the American Water Resources Association,21(1):99-104.
Robbins J A,Edgington D N,Kemp A L W,1978.Comparative210Pb,137Cs and pollen geochronologies of sediments from Lakes Ontarioand Erie.Quaternary Research,10(2):256-278.
Rwan J S,1993.The geomorphology and sedimentology of lakes and reservoirs,John Wiley&Sons Ltd(Chichester),55-71.Science Society of America Jour nal,50(5):1303-1309.
Tsabaris C,Patiris D L,Fillis-Tsirakis E,et al,2015.Vertical distribution of137Cs activity concentration in marine sediments at Amvrakikos Gulf,western of Greece.Journal of Environmental Radioactivity,144:1-8.
Tylmann W,Enters D,Kinder M,et al,2013.Multiple dating of varved sediments from Lake覵azduny,northern Poland:toward an improved chronology for the last 150 years.Quat.Geochronol.15:98-107.
UNSCEAR,2000.Sources and effects of ionizing radiation.New York:United Nations.
Walling D E,He Q,1997.Use of fallout137Cs in investigations of overbank sediment deposition on river floodplains.Catena,29:263-282.
Wang H,Huo Y,Zeng L,et al,2008.A 42-yr soil erosion record inferred from mineral magnetism of reservoir sediments in a small carbonaterock catchment,Guizhou Plateau,southwest China.Journal of Paleolimnology,40(3):897-921.
Warneke T,Croudace I W,Warwick P E,et al,2002.A new ground-level fallout record of uranium and plutonium isotopes for northern temperate latitudes.Earth&Planetary Science Letters,203(3-4):1047-1057.
Woszczyk M,Per ba G,覵ukasz Malinowski,2017.210Pb,137Cs and 7Be in the sediments of coastal lakes on the polish coast:Implications for sedimentary processes.Journal of Environmental Radioactivity,s169-170:174-185.
Xiang L,Lu X X,Higgitt D L,et al,2003.Recent lake sedimentation in the middle and lower Yangtze basin inferred from Cs and Pbmeasurements.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,21(1):77-86.
Zheng J,Yamada M,2006.Plutonium isotopes in Settling particles:transport and Scavenging of Pu in the western Northwest Pacific.Environ.Sci.Technol.,40:4103-4108.
Zhu L F,Li Y F,Chen L,et al,2002.Environmental changes reflected by the lake sediments of the South Hongshan Lake,Northwest Tibet.Science China Earth Sciences,45(5):430-439.
柴社立,高丽娜,邱殿明,等,2013.吉林省西部月亮湖沉积物的210Pb和137Cs测年及沉积速率.吉林大学学报(地球科学版),(1):134-141.
符荣初,王惠玉,1992.切尔诺贝利核电站事故后苏州市环境介质中134Cs,137Cs含量变化和剂量评价.中国核科技报告,(4):263-265.
顾芳,丛树越,江俭玲,1988.苏联切尔诺贝利核电站事故对上海地区的影响.上海环境科学,(8):27-28.
胡春明,李曜,尤立,等,2017.三门峡坝下河漫滩沉积物137Cs、210Pb计年研究.人民黄河,(4):62-65.
李文权,李淑英,1991.137Cs法测定厦门西港和九龙江口现代沉积物的沉积速率.海洋通报,(3):63-68.
刘斯文,储国强,赖忠平,等,2016.放射性核素210Pbuns、137Cs测定巴丹吉林沙漠湖泊岩心的年代及沉积速率.地质学报,90(8):2013-2022.
刘志勇,2011.长江口及苏北潮滩沉积物中放射性核素钚(Pu)的分布特征与环境意义.南京大学.
潘少明,郭大永,刘志勇,等,2008.137Cs剖面的沉积信息提取──以香港贝澳湿地为例.沉积学报,26(4):655-660.
潘少明,朱大奎,李炎,等,1997.河口港湾沉积物中的137Cs剖面及其沉积学意义.沉积学报,15(4):67-71.
庞仁松,潘少明,王安东,2011.长江口泥质区18#柱样的现代沉积速率及其环境指示意义.海洋通报,(3):294-301.
齐永青,张信宝,贺秀斌,等,2009.中国137Cs本底值区域分布研究.核技术,29(1):42-50.
万国江,1999.现代沉积年分辨的137Cs计年──以云南洱海和贵州红枫湖为例.第四纪研究,19(1):72-80.
万国江,吴丰昌,J Zheng,等,2011.239+240Pu作为湖泊沉积物计年时标:以云南程海为例.环境科学学报,31(5):979-986.
项亮,王苏民,1996.切尔诺贝利核事故泄漏137Cs在苏皖地区湖泊沉积物中的蓄积及时标意义.海洋与湖沼,27(2):132-137.
胥思勤,万国江,2001.云南省程海现代沉积物中137Cs,210Pb的分布及计年研究.地球与环境,29(1):28-31.
徐仪红,潘少明,2012.Pu同位素在土壤侵蚀示踪中的应用.土壤学报,49(5):1021-1029.
杨彪,王福,田立柱,等,2016.独流减河盐沼210Pbexc和137Cs剖面记录的现代洪水事件沉积.海洋学研究,34(2):25-34.
张克新,潘少明,徐仪红,等,2016.利用137Cs大气沉降通量估算土壤侵蚀速率的可行性研究──以辽东湾地区为例.生态学杂志,35(1):269-274.
张瑞,潘少明,汪亚平,等,2008.长江河口水下三角洲137Cs地球化学分布特征.第四纪研究,28(4):629-639.
张信宝,2005.有关湖泊沉积137Cs深度分布资料解译的探讨.山地学报,23(3):294-299.
张燕,潘少明,彭补拙,2005a.用137Cs计年法确定湖泊沉积物沉积速率研究进展.地球科学进展,20(6):671-678.
张燕,彭补拙,陈捷,等,2005b.借助137Cs估算滇池沉积量.地理学报,1:71-78.
周丽英,杨凯,2001.上海降水百年变化趋势及其城郊的差异.地理学报,56(4):467-476.