福建小三线建设企业布局及其特点刍议
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摘要
福建小三线建设是国家小三线建设的重要组成部分。由于福建与台湾隔海相望,在军事上长期处于战备状态,与其他省份小三线相比,在企业布局上有其特殊性。福建小三线建设企业可分为军工和民用两类,其中军工企业是福建小三线建设的重点。在建设方式上,军工企业以新建、迁建为主,民用企业以迁建为主。基于福建地形地貌、工业基础以及当时的政治和军事等因素,福建小三线建设企业呈集中分布于闽西北地区、以南平和三明两市为核心、以交通便利和自然资源丰富为导向、沿河谷分布等特征。小三线建设改善了福建经济区域分布不平衡的状况,充实了经济门类,推动了经济发展,在福建经济建设史上具有重要的意义,为改革开放新时期福建经济建设的发展奠定了基础。
Fujian's small third front construction was an important part of the national small third front construction. Because Fujian and Taiwan were separated by the sea and they were in a long-term military readiness state, compared with other provinces, Fujian had its own particularity in the layout of enterprises. Fujian's small third front construction enterprises could be divided into two categories: military and civil, in which military enterprises were the focus of Fujian's small third front construction. In terms of construction methods, military enterprises were mainly newly-built and relocated, while civil enterprises were mainly relocated. Based on Fujian's topography, industrial base and political and military factors at that time, Fujian small third front construction enterprises were concentrated in Northwest Fujian, with Nanping and Sanming as the cores, showed convenient transportation and abundant natural resources as the orientation and distributed along the river valley. The small third front construction had improved the unbalanced regional distributions of Fujian's economy, enriched its economic categories and promoted its economic development. It was of great significance in the history of Fujian's economic construction and laid a foundation for the development of Fujian's economic construction in the new period of reform and opening-up.
Fujian's small third front construction was an important part of the national small third front construction. Because Fujian and Taiwan were separated by the sea and they were in a long-term military readiness state, compared with other provinces, Fujian had its own particularity in the layout of enterprises. Fujian's small third front construction enterprises could be divided into two categories: military and civil, in which military enterprises were the focus of Fujian's small third front construction. In terms of construction methods, military enterprises were mainly newly-built and relocated, while civil enterprises were mainly relocated. Based on Fujian's topography, industrial base and political and military factors at that time, Fujian small third front construction enterprises were concentrated in Northwest Fujian, with Nanping and Sanming as the cores, showed convenient transportation and abundant natural resources as the orientation and distributed along the river valley. The small third front construction had improved the unbalanced regional distributions of Fujian's economy, enriched its economic categories and promoted its economic development. It was of great significance in the history of Fujian's economic construction and laid a foundation for the development of Fujian's economic construction in the new period of reform and opening-up.
引文
[1]何少川主编:《当代福建简史(1949~1999)》,当代中国出版社2001年版,第176页。
[2]《福建省志·总概述》,方志出版社2002年版,第114页。
[3]国务院国防工业办公室:《关于一、二线各省后方建设的重点》,《党的文献》1995年第3期。
[4]福建省粮食局:《关于调整小三线军工厂职工、家属粮油定量的通知》,三明市档案馆:158-28-4。
[5]国家计委、国防工办:《关于1967年小三线建设和试制生产计划安排(附草案)》,福建省档案馆:179-1-163。
[6]《福建省志·电子工业志》,方志出版社1992年版,第3~4页。
[7]袁德俊主编:《崛起在沙溪河畔--忆三明建市初期迁明企业》,福建教育出版社2009年版,第104、152页。
[8]中共福建省委党史研究室:《中共福建地方史(社会主义时期)》,中央文献出版社2008年版,第469页。
[9]陈及霖:《福建经济地理》,福建科学技术出版社1986年版,第5页。
[10]《伍洪祥回忆录》,中共党史出版社2004年版,第584页。
[11]《南平地区志》,方志出版社2004年版,第313页。
[12]《光辉的历程--福建五十年》,中国统计出版社1999年版,第248、307、316、319页。
[13]《三明市概况》,三明市档案馆:105-18-3。
[14]《梁灵光同志在省委小三线建设工作会议上的讲话(记录稿,未经本人审阅)》,南平市延平区档案馆:4-10-1035。
(1)学术界一般以1964年5~6月毛泽东在中共中央工作会议上提出一线、二线、三线的战略布局为三线建设开始的标志。关于三线建设结束的时间,主要有三种说法:一是以1978年中共十一届三中全会召开,我国进入改革开放新时期为标志;二是三线建设横跨三个五年计划,以1980年第五个五年计划结束为标志;三是以1983中央出台政策调整改造三线企业为标志。本文的时间界定采用第一种说法。
(1)《难忘岁月--闽北小三线建设实录》,南平市政协文史资料委员会1999年编印,第68页。
(1)《难忘岁月--闽北小三线建设实录》,第4页。
(1)《三明地区国民经济统计资料(1949~1979年工业部分)》,三明地区统计局1981年编印,第93 页。
[2]《福建省志·总概述》,方志出版社2002年版,第114页。
[3]国务院国防工业办公室:《关于一、二线各省后方建设的重点》,《党的文献》1995年第3期。
[4]福建省粮食局:《关于调整小三线军工厂职工、家属粮油定量的通知》,三明市档案馆:158-28-4。
[5]国家计委、国防工办:《关于1967年小三线建设和试制生产计划安排(附草案)》,福建省档案馆:179-1-163。
[6]《福建省志·电子工业志》,方志出版社1992年版,第3~4页。
[7]袁德俊主编:《崛起在沙溪河畔--忆三明建市初期迁明企业》,福建教育出版社2009年版,第104、152页。
[8]中共福建省委党史研究室:《中共福建地方史(社会主义时期)》,中央文献出版社2008年版,第469页。
[9]陈及霖:《福建经济地理》,福建科学技术出版社1986年版,第5页。
[10]《伍洪祥回忆录》,中共党史出版社2004年版,第584页。
[11]《南平地区志》,方志出版社2004年版,第313页。
[12]《光辉的历程--福建五十年》,中国统计出版社1999年版,第248、307、316、319页。
[13]《三明市概况》,三明市档案馆:105-18-3。
[14]《梁灵光同志在省委小三线建设工作会议上的讲话(记录稿,未经本人审阅)》,南平市延平区档案馆:4-10-1035。
(1)学术界一般以1964年5~6月毛泽东在中共中央工作会议上提出一线、二线、三线的战略布局为三线建设开始的标志。关于三线建设结束的时间,主要有三种说法:一是以1978年中共十一届三中全会召开,我国进入改革开放新时期为标志;二是三线建设横跨三个五年计划,以1980年第五个五年计划结束为标志;三是以1983中央出台政策调整改造三线企业为标志。本文的时间界定采用第一种说法。
(1)《难忘岁月--闽北小三线建设实录》,南平市政协文史资料委员会1999年编印,第68页。
(1)《难忘岁月--闽北小三线建设实录》,第4页。
(1)《三明地区国民经济统计资料(1949~1979年工业部分)》,三明地区统计局1981年编印,第93 页。