长江沿岸部分NORM行业水中~(210)Po的分析
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摘要
人类所受辐射照射主要来源于天然辐射。本工作分析了长江沿岸部分NORM行业水中~(210)Po的浓度。结果表明,燃煤电厂、水泥厂、钢铁厂、铁矿排出水口中~(210)Po的活度浓度分别为(0.93~4.76)×10-3Bq/L、(1.12±0.07)×10-2Bq/L、(9.89±0.78)×10-3Bq/L、(2.17±0.21)×10-3Bq/L,均在长江水系~(210)Po的波动范围之内。稀土加工排放的废水和雨水中~(210)Po的活度浓度分别为(1.03~1.40)×10-1Bq/L、(3.05±0.04)×10-1Bq/L,比本底水平高两个数量级,需要引起特别关注,有待于进一步研究。
The radiation exposure received by mankind mainly comes from natural radiation. This study investigated the levels of ~(210)Po in water samples from some NORM industries along the Yangtze River. The activities of ~(210)Po in the effluent from coal-fired power plants,a cement plant,an iron and steel making plant and an iron ore were(0. 93—4. 76) × 10-3 Bq/L,(1. 12 ± 0. 07) × 10-2 Bq/L,(9. 89 ± 0. 78) × 10-3 Bq/L and(2. 17 ± 0. 21) Bq/L,which were all in fluctuation range of~(210)Po concentrations in the Yangtze River. The activities of~(210)Po in the effluent and rainwater from rare earth plants were as high as(1. 03—1. 40) × 10-1 Bq/L and(3. 05 ± 0. 04) × 10-1 Bq/L,which were two orders of magnitude higher than the background level. This should be paid special attention and needs further research.
The radiation exposure received by mankind mainly comes from natural radiation. This study investigated the levels of ~(210)Po in water samples from some NORM industries along the Yangtze River. The activities of ~(210)Po in the effluent from coal-fired power plants,a cement plant,an iron and steel making plant and an iron ore were(0. 93—4. 76) × 10-3 Bq/L,(1. 12 ± 0. 07) × 10-2 Bq/L,(9. 89 ± 0. 78) × 10-3 Bq/L and(2. 17 ± 0. 21) Bq/L,which were all in fluctuation range of~(210)Po concentrations in the Yangtze River. The activities of~(210)Po in the effluent and rainwater from rare earth plants were as high as(1. 03—1. 40) × 10-1 Bq/L and(3. 05 ± 0. 04) × 10-1 Bq/L,which were two orders of magnitude higher than the background level. This should be paid special attention and needs further research.
引文
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[2]JIA G,Belli M,Blasi M,et al.Determination of210Pb and210Po in mineral and biological environmental samples[J].Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry,2001,247:491-499.
[3]杨永亮,日下部正志,山本惠幸.冲绳海槽海底热液喷出口附近海水中210Pb和210Po的行为[J].海洋学报,2001,23(6):59-75.YANG Y L,Kusakabe M,Yamamoto Y.210Pb and210Po in sea water around the hydrothermal vents in the Okinawa Trough[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2001,23(6):59-75.
[4]杨伟锋,黄奕普,陈敏,等.南沙海域表层水中210Po/210Pb不平衡及其海洋学意义[J].中国科学:D辑,2006,36(1):81-89.YANG W F,HUANG Y P,CHEN M,et al.Disequilibria between210Po and210Po in surface waters of the southern South China Sea and their implications[J].Science in China Ser.D Earth Science,2006,36(1):81-89.
[5]王莉莉,张晔,陆月萍,等.水中210Po的分析[J].辐射防护通讯,2013,33(1):9-11.WANG L L,ZHANG Y,LU Y P,et al.Determination of210Po in water[J].Radiation Protection Bulletin,2013,33(1):9-11.
[6]Leenhouts H P,Stoop P,Van Tuinen S T.Non-nuclear industries in the Netherlands and radiological risks:Report No610053003[R].Bilthoven:National Institute of Public Health and the Environment,1996.
[7]李鹏翔,李周,张静,等.食品及加工品中210Po含量测定及内照射剂量估算[J].核化学与放射化学,2016,38(2):103-106.LI P X,LI Z,ZHANG J,et al.Determination of210Po in food and processed products and estimation of internal dose[J].Journal of Nuclear and Radiochemistry,2016,38(2):103-106.
[8]刘华,罗建军,马成辉.第一次全国污染源普查伴生放射性污染源普查及结果初步分析[J].辐射防护,2011,31(6):334-341.LIU H,LUO J J,MA C H.Investigation and analysis of NORMs based on the first nationwide pollution source survey[J].Radiation Protection,2011,31(6):334-341.
[9]核工业总公司北京铀矿选冶研究所.水中钋-210的分析方法电镀制样法:GB 12376—90[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1990.
[10]IAEA.A procedure for the determination of Po-210 in water samples by alpha spectrometry:IAEA/AQ/12[S].Vienna:IAEA,2009.
[11]国防科学技术工业委员会.电离辐射测量探测限和判断阈的确定第1部分:忽略样品处理影响的计数测量:EJ/T1204.1—2006[S],北京:中国核工业集团公司,2006.
[12]U.S.Department of Energy Environmental Measurement Laboratory.EML Procedures Manual:HASL-300,28th Edition[S].Springfield:U.S.Department of Commerce,Technology Administration,National Technical Information Service,1997.
[13]Eichrom Technologies,L.L.C.Lead-210 and polonium-210 in water:OTW01 Rev.2.0[R].2009.
[14]李振平.长江水系放射性水平调查及评价1984[M].北京:原子能出版社,1988.
[15]World Health Organization.Guidelines for drinking-water quality,fourth edition[S].Geneva:WHO.2011.
[16]Villa M,Absib A,Moreno H P,et al.Natural restoration of a Spanish estuary affected by anthropogenic inputs of NORM[C]//Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material(NORM IV).Proceedings of an international conference.May 17-21,2004.Szczyrk,Poland.Vienna:IAEA,2005:267-279.
[17]Manjon G,Galvan J,Mantero J,et al.NORM levels in mine pit lakes in south-western Spain[C]//Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material(NORM VII).Proceedings of an International Symposium.April 22-26,2013.Beijing,China.Vienna:IAEA,2015:277-288.
[18]Doring J,Beck T,Beyermann M,et al.Exposure and radiation protection for work areas with enhanced natural radioactivity[C]//Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material(NORM V).Proceedings of an international symposium.March 19-22,2007.Seville,Spain.Vienna:IAEA,2008:399-407.