微肥施用量对‘辽粳401’秧苗及移栽后生长的影响
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摘要
为研究微肥对粳稻品种‘辽粳401’秧苗及移栽后生长的影响,试验以含有Si(40%)、Mg和Ca(8%)的赛众土壤调理剂为微肥,分别以秧苗期育苗基质和移栽前基肥形式配施,研究了秧苗期和移栽后的秧苗素质、根系特征、茎蘖动态、干物质积累规律,结果表明:微肥显著提高秧苗茎基宽、SPAD值,保障移栽时期叶龄、株高,增加移栽后返青情况、分蘖能力、地上部分、地下部分干物质重,改善移栽后根系特征;秧苗期微肥施用量较小、经济成本低,为30 g/盘最佳;尽管移栽后在450 kg/hm2微肥施用量水平最高,但较300 kg/hm2微肥施用量水平增长不大;考虑到经济成本,秧苗为30 g/盘在300 kg/hm2施肥水平效果最佳。
To study the effects of micro-fertilizer on seedlings and growth after transplanting of japonica ricecultivar ‘Liaojing401',‘Saizhong'soil conditioner was used as micro-fertilizer with Si(40%), Mg and Ca(8%), and added as nursery substrates in seedling stage and basal fertilizer before transplanting, respectively.The seedling quality, root system characteristics, stem tillers dynamics, and accumulation of dry matter werestudied in seedling stage and after transplanting. The results showed that: micro-fertilizer significantlyimproved the seedlings stem base width, SPAD value, guaranteed leaf age and plant height in transplantingperiod, increased turning green, tillering ability, dry matter weight of overground part and underground partafter transplanting, and improved root characteristics; the micro-fertilizer application rate in seedling stage wassmall and the economic cost was low, the best rate was 30 g/disk. Although the level of 450 kg/hm2 micro-fertilizer was the highest after transplanting, compared with the level of the 300 kg/hm2 micro-fertilizer, theincrease was not significant. Considering the economic cost, rice seedlings of 30 g/disk under 300 kg/hm2 fertilization was the best.
To study the effects of micro-fertilizer on seedlings and growth after transplanting of japonica ricecultivar ‘Liaojing401',‘Saizhong'soil conditioner was used as micro-fertilizer with Si(40%), Mg and Ca(8%), and added as nursery substrates in seedling stage and basal fertilizer before transplanting, respectively.The seedling quality, root system characteristics, stem tillers dynamics, and accumulation of dry matter werestudied in seedling stage and after transplanting. The results showed that: micro-fertilizer significantlyimproved the seedlings stem base width, SPAD value, guaranteed leaf age and plant height in transplantingperiod, increased turning green, tillering ability, dry matter weight of overground part and underground partafter transplanting, and improved root characteristics; the micro-fertilizer application rate in seedling stage wassmall and the economic cost was low, the best rate was 30 g/disk. Although the level of 450 kg/hm2 micro-fertilizer was the highest after transplanting, compared with the level of the 300 kg/hm2 micro-fertilizer, theincrease was not significant. Considering the economic cost, rice seedlings of 30 g/disk under 300 kg/hm2 fertilization was the best.
引文
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[12]李惠芬,张彬,黄庆,等.中微量元素肥料不同用量对超级稻品种倒伏及产量的影响[J].中国稻米,2016,22(02):21-26.
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[15] Carreres R, Sendra J, Ballesteros R, et al. Assessment of slow release fertilizers and nitrification inhibitors in flooded rice[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,2003,39:80-87
[16]刘德辉,赵海燕,郑秀仁,等.氨基酸螯合微肥对小麦和后作水稻产量及品质的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,2005(02):55-58.
[17]刘博,李建国,姚继攀,等.水稻新品种‘辽粳401’特征特性及配套技术措施[J].辽宁农业科学,2016(02):89-90.
[18]赵立敏,杨清,李松涛,等.有机梨园中4种商品肥施用效果比较[J].中国农业大学学报,2014,19(03):130-136.
[19]王术,王铁良.水稻安全生产技术指南[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2012:149-153.
[20]穆杰,徐阳春,朱培淼,等.氨基酸螯合微肥对旱作水稻苗期生长及生理效应的影响[J].水土保持学报,2006(05):178-182.
[21]陈琨,秦鱼生,喻华,等.不同肥料/改良剂对冷泥田水稻生长、养分吸收及土壤性质的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(3):773-781.
[22]杨勇,蒋宏芳,荣湘民,等.不同肥料增效剂在水稻上的应用效果研究[J].中国土壤与肥料,2015(05):83-87.
[23]郑甲成,刘婷,张百忍,等.几种微量元素作用及对水稻发育的影响[J].吉林农业大学学报,2010,32(S1):5-8.
[2]朱相成,张振平,张俊,等.增密减氮对东北水稻产量、氮肥利用效率及温室效应的影响[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(2):453-461.
[3]陈淑峰,孟凡乔,吴文良,等.东北典型稻区不同种植模式下稻田氮素径流损失特征研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2012,20(6):728-733.
[4]杨育红,阎百兴.中国东北地区非点源污染研究进展[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(3):777-784.
[5]杨瑞珍,陈印军.东北地区耕地质量状况及变化态势分析[J].中国农业资源与区划,2014,35(6):19-24.
[6]康日峰,任意,吴会军,等.26年来东北黑土区土壤养分演变特征[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(11):2113-2125.
[7]荆涛.东北地区农业面源污染产生原因分析[J].科技视界,2016,(25):342-342.
[8]李文军,夏永秋,杨晓云,等.施氮和肥料添加剂对水稻产量、氮素吸收转运及利用的影响[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(09):2331-2336.
[9]谢义琴,张建峰,姜慧敏,等.不同施肥措施对稻田土壤温室气体排放的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2015,34(3):578-584
[10]穆杰,徐阳春,朱培淼,等.氨基酸螯合微肥对旱作水稻苗期生长及生理效应的影响[J].水土保持学报,2006,20(05):178-182.
[11]张悟民,刘月香,曹新江,等.微肥对水稻大麦油菜病虫害影响的调查研究[J].土壤通报,1995(06):285-287.
[12]李惠芬,张彬,黄庆,等.中微量元素肥料不同用量对超级稻品种倒伏及产量的影响[J].中国稻米,2016,22(02):21-26.
[13]Dobermann A,Cassman K G.Cereal area and nitrogen use efficiency are drivers of future nitrogen fertilizer consumption[J].Science in China Series C:Life Sciences,2005,48:745-758.
[14]王章艳,金琎.稀土微肥对酸雨胁迫下水稻发育期Ⅰ的影响[J].分子植物育种,2017(06):2341-2347.
[15] Carreres R, Sendra J, Ballesteros R, et al. Assessment of slow release fertilizers and nitrification inhibitors in flooded rice[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,2003,39:80-87
[16]刘德辉,赵海燕,郑秀仁,等.氨基酸螯合微肥对小麦和后作水稻产量及品质的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,2005(02):55-58.
[17]刘博,李建国,姚继攀,等.水稻新品种‘辽粳401’特征特性及配套技术措施[J].辽宁农业科学,2016(02):89-90.
[18]赵立敏,杨清,李松涛,等.有机梨园中4种商品肥施用效果比较[J].中国农业大学学报,2014,19(03):130-136.
[19]王术,王铁良.水稻安全生产技术指南[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2012:149-153.
[20]穆杰,徐阳春,朱培淼,等.氨基酸螯合微肥对旱作水稻苗期生长及生理效应的影响[J].水土保持学报,2006(05):178-182.
[21]陈琨,秦鱼生,喻华,等.不同肥料/改良剂对冷泥田水稻生长、养分吸收及土壤性质的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(3):773-781.
[22]杨勇,蒋宏芳,荣湘民,等.不同肥料增效剂在水稻上的应用效果研究[J].中国土壤与肥料,2015(05):83-87.
[23]郑甲成,刘婷,张百忍,等.几种微量元素作用及对水稻发育的影响[J].吉林农业大学学报,2010,32(S1):5-8.