辽宁省5种不同基因型水稻对镉吸收差异的研究
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摘要
为对耐镉性强且低积累水稻品种的培育提供理论实践依据,在土壤外源添加镉的条件下,采用盆栽试验研究了辽宁省5个不同基因型水稻根系、茎叶、籽粒对镉吸收积累的差异,通过对分蘖期、抽穗期镉在茎叶各亚细胞组分含量的分析,探讨了产生差异的机理。结果表明,水稻各部位镉含量随外源添加镉浓度的增加而升高且存在显著的基因型差异。不同基因型水稻籽粒镉富集系数存在显著的差异,且随添加镉浓度的升高,籽粒镉富集系数有下降趋势,5个品种富集系数相对较高的是沈稻47和辽粳9号,相对较低的是辽星1号、沈农15和沈农315,其中沈农315在各处理下均最低,与其他品种存在极显著差异。随着水稻生长发育,抽穗期镉在茎叶亚细胞各组分的含量低于分蘖期,且总体呈现细胞壁最大,可溶性部分次之,细胞器最小的规律;镉在各亚细胞组分的含量和分配比例因基因型和生育期不同而异,镉耐性品种辽星1号、沈农15和沈农315细胞壁和可溶性组分的镉含量和分配比例高于敏感性品种沈稻47和辽粳9号,细胞器的镉含量则低于敏感性品种。
In order to provide theoretical and practical basis for breeding rice varieties with high tolerance to cadmium and low accumulation,a pot experiment was conducted with five rice genotypes of Liaoning Province under soil exogenous cadmium added conditions.The cadmium accumulation in different parts of rice plant were investigated,meanwhile the contents and distribution in subcellular fractions of rice were an-alyzed to further reveal the mechanism.Results showed that,the cadmium content in each part of rice was increased with increasing cadmi-um amount and the differences were significant;there were significant differences in cadmium accumulation coefficients in grain of rice geno-types,there was a downward tendency of the cadmium accumulation coefficient with increasing cadmium amount,among which Shendao 47 and Liaojing 9 were relatively high,while Liaoxing 1,Shennong 15 and Shennong 315 were low,and Shennong 315 was the lowest under all treatments;the cadmium content in subcellular fractions of stem and leaf at heading stage was lower than that at tillering stage,the cell wall was the largest,the soluble part was the second,and the organelle is the smallest.The content and distribution proportion in subcelluar frac-tions of rice were different among genotypes and growing stages,cadmium content and distribution proportion in the cell wall and soluble part of cadmium tolerance rice variety Liaoxing 1,Shennong 15 and Shennong 315 were higher than those of sensitive varieties Shendao 47 and Liaojing 9,organelles were lower than sensitive varieties.
In order to provide theoretical and practical basis for breeding rice varieties with high tolerance to cadmium and low accumulation,a pot experiment was conducted with five rice genotypes of Liaoning Province under soil exogenous cadmium added conditions.The cadmium accumulation in different parts of rice plant were investigated,meanwhile the contents and distribution in subcellular fractions of rice were an-alyzed to further reveal the mechanism.Results showed that,the cadmium content in each part of rice was increased with increasing cadmi-um amount and the differences were significant;there were significant differences in cadmium accumulation coefficients in grain of rice geno-types,there was a downward tendency of the cadmium accumulation coefficient with increasing cadmium amount,among which Shendao 47 and Liaojing 9 were relatively high,while Liaoxing 1,Shennong 15 and Shennong 315 were low,and Shennong 315 was the lowest under all treatments;the cadmium content in subcellular fractions of stem and leaf at heading stage was lower than that at tillering stage,the cell wall was the largest,the soluble part was the second,and the organelle is the smallest.The content and distribution proportion in subcelluar frac-tions of rice were different among genotypes and growing stages,cadmium content and distribution proportion in the cell wall and soluble part of cadmium tolerance rice variety Liaoxing 1,Shennong 15 and Shennong 315 were higher than those of sensitive varieties Shendao 47 and Liaojing 9,organelles were lower than sensitive varieties.
引文
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[8]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].三版.北京:中国农业出版社,2000:29-90.BAO Shi-dan.Soil agricultural chemistry analysis[M].Third edition.Beijing:China Agricultural Press,2000:29-90.
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[10]Rathore V S,Bajaj Y P,Wittwer S H.Subcellular localization of zinc and calcium in bean(Phaseolus vulgaris L.)tissues[J].Plant Physiology,1972,49:207-211.
[11]周卫,汪林,林葆.镉胁迫下钙对镉在玉米细胞中分布及对叶绿体结构与酶活性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,1999,5(4):335-340.ZHOU Wei,WANG Lin,LIN Bao.Effects of calcium supply on subcellular distribution of cadmium,chloroplast ultra structure,Ru BPC and PEPC activity in maize under cadmium stress[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,1999,5(4):335-340.
[12]黄冬芬,奚岭林,杨立年,等.不同耐镉基因型水稻农艺和生理性状的比较研究[J].作物学报,2008,34(5):809-817.HUANG Dong-fen,XI Ling-lin,YANG Li-nian,et al.Comparisons in agronomic and physiological traits of rice genotypes differing in cadmium-tolerance[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2008,34(5):809-817.
[13]程旺大,姚海根,张国平,等.镉胁迫对水稻生长和营养代谢的影响[J].中国农业科学,2005,38(3):528-537.CHENG Wang-da,YAO Hai-gen,ZHANG Guo-ping,et al.Effect of cadmium on growth and nutrition metabolism in rice[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2005,38(3):528-537.
[14]朱智伟,陈铭学,牟仁祥,等.水稻镉代谢与控制研究进展[J].中国农业科学,2014,47(18):3633-3640.ZHU Zhi-wei,CHEN Ming-xue,MOU Ren-xiang.Advances in research of cadmium metabolism and control in rice plants[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2014,47(18):3633-3640
[15]Guo Y,George E,Marschner H.Contribution of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus to the uptake of cadmium and nickel in bean and maize plants[J].Plant and Soil,1996,184:195-205.
[16]Florijn P J,Van Beusichem M L.Uptake and distribution of cadmium in maize inbred lines[J].Plant and Soil,1993,50:25-32.
[17]Dunbar K R,Mclaughlin M J,Reid R J.The uptake and partitioning of cadmium in two cultivars of potato(Solanum tuber sum L.)[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,2003,54:349-354.
[18]杨居荣,鲍子平,蒋婉茹.不同耐镉作物体内镉结合体的对比研究[J].作物学报,1995,21(5):605-611.YANG Ju-rong,BAO Zi-ping,JIANG Wan-ru.Comparative study on the Cd-binding complex in crops with different Cd tolerance[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,1995,21(5):605-611.
[19]Carrier P,Baryla A,Havaux M.Cadmium distribution and microlocalization in oilseed rape(Brassica napus)after long-term growth on cadmium-contaminated soil[J].Planta,2003,216(6):939-950.
[20]杨菲,唐明凤,朱玉兴.水稻对镉的吸收和转运的分子机理[J].杂交水稻,2015,30(3):2-8.YANG Fei,TANG Ming-feng,ZHU Yu-xing.molecular Mechanism of cadmium absorption and transport in rice[J].Hybrid Rice,2015,30(3):2-8.
[21]刘清泉,陈亚华,沈振国,等.细胞壁在植物重金属耐性中的作用[J].植物生理学报,2014,50(5):605-611.LIU Qing-quan,CHEN Ya-hua,SHEN Zhen-guo,et al.Roles of cell wall in plant heavy metal tolerance[J].Plant Physiology Journal,2014,50(5):605-611.
[22]Allen D L,Jarrell W M.Proton and copper adsorption to maize and soybean root cell walls[J].Plant Physiology,1989,89:823-832.
[23]Rauser W E.Structure and function of metal chelators produced by plants[J].Cell Biochem and Biophys,1999,31:19-48.
[24]白雪,陈亚慧,耿凯,等.镉在三色堇中的积累及亚细胞与化学形态分布[J].环境科学学报,2014,34(6):1600-1605.BAI Xue,CHEN Ya-hui,GENG Kai,et al.Accumulation subcellular distribution and chemical forms of cadmium in Viola tricolor L.[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2014,34(6):1600-1605.
[25]陆仲烟,刘仲齐,宋正国,等.大麦中镉的亚细胞分布和化学形态及PCs合成的基因型差异[J].农业环境科学学报,2013,32(11):2125-2131.LU Zhong-yan,LIU Zhong-qi,SONG Zheng-guo,et al.Subcellular distribution and chemical forms of Cd and the synthesis of phytochelatins(PCs)in different barley genotypes[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2013,32(11):2125-2131.
[26]孙贤斌,李玉成,王宁.铅在小麦和玉米中活性形态和分布的比较研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2005,24(4):666-669.SUN Xian-bin,LI Yu-cheng,WANG Ning.Comparisons on active chemical form and distribution of lead in wheat and corn[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2005,24(4):666-669.
[27]Bhatia N P,Walsh K B,Baker A J.Detection and quantification of ligands involved in nickel detoxification in a herbaceous Ni hyperaccumulator stackhousia tryonii bailey[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,2005,56(415):1343-1349.
[28]周守标,徐礼生,吴龙华,等.镉和锌在皖景天细胞内的分布及化学形态[J].应用生态学报,2008,19(11):2515-2520.ZHOU Shou-biao,XU Li-sheng,WU Long-hua,et al.Subcellular distribution and chemical forms of Cd and Zn in Sedum jinianum[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2008,19(11):2515-2520.
[2]Wong C S,Lia X D,Zhang G,et al.Atmospheric deposition of heavy metals in the Pearl River Delta,China[J].Atmosphere Environment,2003,37(6):767-776.
[3]Nan Z R,Zhao C Y,Li J J,et al.Relations between soil properties and selected heavy metal concentrations in spring wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)grown in contaminated soils[J].Water Air Soil Pollution,2002,133(1-4):205-213.
[4]刘维涛,周启星.重金属污染预防品种的筛选与培育[J].生态环境学报,2010,19(6):1452-1458.LIU Wei-tao,ZHOU Qi-xing.Selection and breeding of heavy metal pollution-safe cultivars[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2010,19(6):1452-1458.
[5]徐燕玲,陈能场,徐胜光,等.低镉累积水稻品种的筛选方法研究:品种与类型[J].农业环境科学学报,2009,28(7):1346-1352.XU Yan-ling,CHEN Neng-chang,XU Sheng-guang,et al.Breeding rice cultivars with low accumulation of cadmium:Cultivars versus types[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2009,28(7):1346-1352.
[6]刘侯俊,梁吉哲,韩晓日,等.东北地区不同水稻品种对镉的累积特性研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2011,30(2):220-227.LIU Hou-jun,LIANG Ji-zhe,HAN Xiao-ri,et al.Accumulation and distribution of cadmium in different rice cultivars of Northeastern China[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2011,30(2):220-227.
[7]辽宁省科技厅.水稻栽培技术[M].沈阳:东北大学出版社,2010:40-60.Science and Technology Department of Liaoning Province.Rice cultivation techniques[M].Shenyang:Northeastern University Press,2010:40-60.
[8]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].三版.北京:中国农业出版社,2000:29-90.BAO Shi-dan.Soil agricultural chemistry analysis[M].Third edition.Beijing:China Agricultural Press,2000:29-90.
[9]Weigel J J,Jager H J.Subcellular distribution and chemical form of cadmium in bean plant[J].Plant Physiology,1980,65:480-482.
[10]Rathore V S,Bajaj Y P,Wittwer S H.Subcellular localization of zinc and calcium in bean(Phaseolus vulgaris L.)tissues[J].Plant Physiology,1972,49:207-211.
[11]周卫,汪林,林葆.镉胁迫下钙对镉在玉米细胞中分布及对叶绿体结构与酶活性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,1999,5(4):335-340.ZHOU Wei,WANG Lin,LIN Bao.Effects of calcium supply on subcellular distribution of cadmium,chloroplast ultra structure,Ru BPC and PEPC activity in maize under cadmium stress[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,1999,5(4):335-340.
[12]黄冬芬,奚岭林,杨立年,等.不同耐镉基因型水稻农艺和生理性状的比较研究[J].作物学报,2008,34(5):809-817.HUANG Dong-fen,XI Ling-lin,YANG Li-nian,et al.Comparisons in agronomic and physiological traits of rice genotypes differing in cadmium-tolerance[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2008,34(5):809-817.
[13]程旺大,姚海根,张国平,等.镉胁迫对水稻生长和营养代谢的影响[J].中国农业科学,2005,38(3):528-537.CHENG Wang-da,YAO Hai-gen,ZHANG Guo-ping,et al.Effect of cadmium on growth and nutrition metabolism in rice[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2005,38(3):528-537.
[14]朱智伟,陈铭学,牟仁祥,等.水稻镉代谢与控制研究进展[J].中国农业科学,2014,47(18):3633-3640.ZHU Zhi-wei,CHEN Ming-xue,MOU Ren-xiang.Advances in research of cadmium metabolism and control in rice plants[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2014,47(18):3633-3640
[15]Guo Y,George E,Marschner H.Contribution of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus to the uptake of cadmium and nickel in bean and maize plants[J].Plant and Soil,1996,184:195-205.
[16]Florijn P J,Van Beusichem M L.Uptake and distribution of cadmium in maize inbred lines[J].Plant and Soil,1993,50:25-32.
[17]Dunbar K R,Mclaughlin M J,Reid R J.The uptake and partitioning of cadmium in two cultivars of potato(Solanum tuber sum L.)[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,2003,54:349-354.
[18]杨居荣,鲍子平,蒋婉茹.不同耐镉作物体内镉结合体的对比研究[J].作物学报,1995,21(5):605-611.YANG Ju-rong,BAO Zi-ping,JIANG Wan-ru.Comparative study on the Cd-binding complex in crops with different Cd tolerance[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,1995,21(5):605-611.
[19]Carrier P,Baryla A,Havaux M.Cadmium distribution and microlocalization in oilseed rape(Brassica napus)after long-term growth on cadmium-contaminated soil[J].Planta,2003,216(6):939-950.
[20]杨菲,唐明凤,朱玉兴.水稻对镉的吸收和转运的分子机理[J].杂交水稻,2015,30(3):2-8.YANG Fei,TANG Ming-feng,ZHU Yu-xing.molecular Mechanism of cadmium absorption and transport in rice[J].Hybrid Rice,2015,30(3):2-8.
[21]刘清泉,陈亚华,沈振国,等.细胞壁在植物重金属耐性中的作用[J].植物生理学报,2014,50(5):605-611.LIU Qing-quan,CHEN Ya-hua,SHEN Zhen-guo,et al.Roles of cell wall in plant heavy metal tolerance[J].Plant Physiology Journal,2014,50(5):605-611.
[22]Allen D L,Jarrell W M.Proton and copper adsorption to maize and soybean root cell walls[J].Plant Physiology,1989,89:823-832.
[23]Rauser W E.Structure and function of metal chelators produced by plants[J].Cell Biochem and Biophys,1999,31:19-48.
[24]白雪,陈亚慧,耿凯,等.镉在三色堇中的积累及亚细胞与化学形态分布[J].环境科学学报,2014,34(6):1600-1605.BAI Xue,CHEN Ya-hui,GENG Kai,et al.Accumulation subcellular distribution and chemical forms of cadmium in Viola tricolor L.[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2014,34(6):1600-1605.
[25]陆仲烟,刘仲齐,宋正国,等.大麦中镉的亚细胞分布和化学形态及PCs合成的基因型差异[J].农业环境科学学报,2013,32(11):2125-2131.LU Zhong-yan,LIU Zhong-qi,SONG Zheng-guo,et al.Subcellular distribution and chemical forms of Cd and the synthesis of phytochelatins(PCs)in different barley genotypes[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2013,32(11):2125-2131.
[26]孙贤斌,李玉成,王宁.铅在小麦和玉米中活性形态和分布的比较研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2005,24(4):666-669.SUN Xian-bin,LI Yu-cheng,WANG Ning.Comparisons on active chemical form and distribution of lead in wheat and corn[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2005,24(4):666-669.
[27]Bhatia N P,Walsh K B,Baker A J.Detection and quantification of ligands involved in nickel detoxification in a herbaceous Ni hyperaccumulator stackhousia tryonii bailey[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,2005,56(415):1343-1349.
[28]周守标,徐礼生,吴龙华,等.镉和锌在皖景天细胞内的分布及化学形态[J].应用生态学报,2008,19(11):2515-2520.ZHOU Shou-biao,XU Li-sheng,WU Long-hua,et al.Subcellular distribution and chemical forms of Cd and Zn in Sedum jinianum[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2008,19(11):2515-2520.