横坑切梢小蠹林间危害与诱捕量之间的相关性分析
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摘要
【目的】明确聚集信息素对横坑切梢小蠹诱捕量与不同危害程度的云南松林有虫梢率之间的关系,为横坑切梢小蠹种群监测与防治提供技术支持。【方法】采用随机抽样法,调查云南省祥云县普淜镇和下庄镇2个样地云南松林内切梢小蠹的危害情况,并在由梢部危害转至干部危害期利用聚集信息素诱捕横坑切梢小蠹成虫,分析横坑切梢小蠹在梢转干时期的种群变化规律及有虫梢率与诱捕量之间的关系。【结果】普淜和下庄2个样地横坑切梢小蠹和云南切梢小蠹是优势种。普淜样地中横坑切梢小蠹占49. 75%,雌雄比为1. 06∶1;云南切梢小蠹占50. 25%,雌雄比为1. 32∶1。下庄样地中横坑切梢小蠹占54%,雌雄比为1. 45∶1;云南切梢小蠹占46%,雌雄比为1. 88∶1。2样地中横坑切梢小蠹蛀梢期树冠有虫梢率从上到下依次降低,普淜样地有虫梢率约为下庄样地的10倍。2样地横坑切梢小蠹的诱捕量在整个梢转干期呈现相同的规律,成虫扬飞均始于11月中旬,终见于翌年5月下旬,扬飞高峰期是3月初至4月下旬。诱捕器中天敌种群数量与横坑切梢小蠹数量有明显的跟随现象。诱捕器中横坑切梢小蠹雌雄性比在1∶1. 09～1. 71之间,雄性个体数量明显多于雌性。横坑切梢小蠹林间有虫梢率(y)与诱捕量(x)之间呈线性正相关,其中在高虫口密度普淜样地拟合函数关系式为y=0. 002 4x+0. 060 1(R~2=0. 67),低虫口密度下庄样地拟合函数关系式为y=0. 003 2x-0. 004 3(R~2=0. 71)。【结论】了解高、低虫口密度下横坑切梢小蠹在云南松树冠中的分布规律,利用聚集信息素诱捕可作为监测横坑切梢小蠹种群变化的有效方法,且诱捕量与林间有虫梢率呈线性正相关,诱捕量可反应横坑切梢小蠹在蛀梢期的有虫梢率。
【Objective】 The present study was carried out in order to clarify the relationship between the percentage of Pinus yunnanensis shoots with beetles and trap catches of Tomicus minor(Coleoptera: Scolytidae),and furthermore,to provide technical support for population monitoring and controlling of the T. minor pest in the future.【Method】The shoot damages by Tomicus were investigated by random branch sampling method with a pruner in two different damage level sites of Pupeng and Xiazhuang,Xiangyun County,Yunnan province. The adults were trapped by aggregation pheromone of T.minor during the period from shoots transferring to trunk,in order to evaluate the population flight dynamics and analyze the relationship between the percentage of shoots infected with beetles and trap catches. 【Result 】T. minor and T.yunnanensis were two dominant Tomicus species in Pupeng and Xiazhuang forest sites. T. minor accounted for 49.75% with sex ratio 1. 06 ∶ 1,however,T. yunnanensis consisted of 50. 25% with sex ratio 1. 32 ∶ 1 in the Pupeng forest site. In Xiazhuang forest site,it accounted for 54% of T. minor with sex ratio 1.45 ∶ 1,and for 46% of T. yunnanensis with sex ratio 1.88 ∶ 1,respectively. The percentage of shoots with beetles gradually reduced from top crown to bottom crown in Pupeng and Xiazhuang sampling locations,where the density of the Pupeng population was ca. 10 times higher than that of Xiazhuang population. The population flight dynamics of T. minor in Pupeng site showed the same trend as that of Xiazhuang,that is,adult flight began in mid-November and ended in late May of the next year. The peak period of adults' flight activities was from early March to late April. The number of natural enemies and the number of the pests in traps had obvious following phenomena. The traps caught more number of males than females with sex ratio ranging from 1 ∶1.09 to 1.71(♀ ∶♂). There was a linear positive correlation between the percentage of insect-infected shoots(y) and the amount of the trap catches(x),the fitting function formula was y = 0.002 4 x + 0.060 1(R~2= 0.67) in high population densities area(Pupeng),and y = 0.003 2 x – 0.004 3(R~2= 0.71) in low population densities area(Xiazhuang). 【Conclusion】This study clarified the distribution patterns of T. minor in the tree crown of Yunnan pine with high and low pest population densities. Furthermore,the aggregation pheromone trapping test could be regard as an effective method to monitor the population dynamic of T. minor in the forest. The trapping amount of pests was positively and linearly correlated with percentage of shoots infected with beetles,suggesting that the number of trap catches could reveal the percentage of shoots infected with beetles.
【Objective】 The present study was carried out in order to clarify the relationship between the percentage of Pinus yunnanensis shoots with beetles and trap catches of Tomicus minor(Coleoptera: Scolytidae),and furthermore,to provide technical support for population monitoring and controlling of the T. minor pest in the future.【Method】The shoot damages by Tomicus were investigated by random branch sampling method with a pruner in two different damage level sites of Pupeng and Xiazhuang,Xiangyun County,Yunnan province. The adults were trapped by aggregation pheromone of T.minor during the period from shoots transferring to trunk,in order to evaluate the population flight dynamics and analyze the relationship between the percentage of shoots infected with beetles and trap catches. 【Result 】T. minor and T.yunnanensis were two dominant Tomicus species in Pupeng and Xiazhuang forest sites. T. minor accounted for 49.75% with sex ratio 1. 06 ∶ 1,however,T. yunnanensis consisted of 50. 25% with sex ratio 1. 32 ∶ 1 in the Pupeng forest site. In Xiazhuang forest site,it accounted for 54% of T. minor with sex ratio 1.45 ∶ 1,and for 46% of T. yunnanensis with sex ratio 1.88 ∶ 1,respectively. The percentage of shoots with beetles gradually reduced from top crown to bottom crown in Pupeng and Xiazhuang sampling locations,where the density of the Pupeng population was ca. 10 times higher than that of Xiazhuang population. The population flight dynamics of T. minor in Pupeng site showed the same trend as that of Xiazhuang,that is,adult flight began in mid-November and ended in late May of the next year. The peak period of adults' flight activities was from early March to late April. The number of natural enemies and the number of the pests in traps had obvious following phenomena. The traps caught more number of males than females with sex ratio ranging from 1 ∶1.09 to 1.71(♀ ∶♂). There was a linear positive correlation between the percentage of insect-infected shoots(y) and the amount of the trap catches(x),the fitting function formula was y = 0.002 4 x + 0.060 1(R~2= 0.67) in high population densities area(Pupeng),and y = 0.003 2 x – 0.004 3(R~2= 0.71) in low population densities area(Xiazhuang). 【Conclusion】This study clarified the distribution patterns of T. minor in the tree crown of Yunnan pine with high and low pest population densities. Furthermore,the aggregation pheromone trapping test could be regard as an effective method to monitor the population dynamic of T. minor in the forest. The trapping amount of pests was positively and linearly correlated with percentage of shoots infected with beetles,suggesting that the number of trap catches could reveal the percentage of shoots infected with beetles.
引文
陈鹏,李丽莎,刘宏屏.2009.云南切梢小蠹与横坑切梢小蠹蛀梢期的竞争研究.西部林业科学,38(3):52-60.(Chen P,Li L S,Liu H P.2009.Interspecific competition between Tomicus yunnanensis and T.minor(Col.Scolytidae)during shootfeeding period in Yunnan of China.Journal of West China Forestry Science,38(3):52-60.[in Chinese])
高艳飞,张英,张真,等.2012.切梢小蠹蛀食云南松枝梢行为研究.东北林业大学学报,40(6):81-84.(Gao Y F,Zhang Y,Zhang Z,et al.2012.Shoot Feeding Behaviour of Tomicus yunnanensis on Pinus yunnanensis trees.Journal of Northeast Forestry University,40(6):81-84.[in Chinese])
李丽莎,王海林,柴秀山,等.1997.云南松纵坑切梢小蠹危害及生物学特性研究.云南林业科技,(2):1-7.(Li L S,Wang H L,Chai X S,et al.1997.Study on the biological characteristics of Tomicus piniperda and its demage.Yunnan Forestry Science and Technology,(2):1-7.[in Chinese])
李丽莎,刘宏屏,周楠,等.2004.松小蠹综合控制技术研究.西部林业科学,33(1):62-71.(Li L S,Liu H P,Zhou N,et al.2004.Studies on the integrated control techniques of Tomicus piniperda.Journal of West China Forestry Science,33(1):62-71.[in Chinese])
李丽莎,刘宏屏,陈鹏,等.2006.两种切梢小蠹生态学特性比较研究.西部林业科学,35(1):1-5.(Li L S,Liu H P,Chen P,et al.2006.Comparison study on ecological characteristics of Tomicus piniperda and T.minor.Journal of West China Forestry Science.35(1):1-5.[in Chinese])
李霞,张真,曹鹏,等.2012.切梢小蠹属昆虫分类鉴定方法.林业科学,48(2):110-116.(Li X,Zhang Z,Cao P,et al.2012.Classfication of Tomicus Species.Scientia Silvae Sinicae,48(2):110-116.[in Chinese])
马学玉,胡劭驥,叶辉.2016.基于线粒体COI基因对5种切梢小蠹种间关系的研究.云南民族大学学报:自然科学版,25(2):126-130.(Ma X Y,Hu S J,Ye H.2016.Research on the interspecific relationship of five Tomicus species based on the mitochondrial COIgene.Journal of Yunnan University of Nationalities:Natural Sciences Edition,25(2):126-130.[in Chinese])
舒凝碧,朱翔,蒋昭龙.1991.松纵坑切梢小蠹和横坑切梢小蠹在云南松蠹害木上的分布.云南林业科技,(3):52-53.(Shu N B,Zhu X,Jiang Z L.1991.Distribution of Tomicus piniperda Linnaeus and Tomicus minor Hartig in Pinus yunnanensis.Yunnan Forestry Science and Technology,(3):52-53.[in Chinese])
沈绍伟.2017.两种切梢小蠹危害云南松的时空生态位与松树主要生理指标变化.北京:北京林业大学硕士学位论文.(Shen S W.2017.Temporal and spatial niche of two Tomicus species damaging Pins yunnanensis Faranch.as well as its major physiological index dynamics.Beijing:MS thesis of Beijing Forestry University.[in Chinese])
王平彦.2012.云南松三种切梢小蠹信息化学物质的研究.北京:中国林业科学研究院博士学位论文.(Wang P Y.2012.Study on the semiochemicals of the three Tomicus species in Pinus yunnanensis Franch.Beijing:PhD thesis of Chinese Academy of Forestry.[in Chinese])
叶辉,吕军,Francois Lieutier.2004.云南横坑切梢小蠹生物学研究.昆虫学报,47(2):223-228.(Ye H,LüJ,Lieutier F.2004.On the bionomics of Tomicus minor(Hartig)(Coleoptera:Scolytidae)in Yunnan Province.Acta Entomologica Sinica,47(2):223-228.[in Chinese])
章士美,杨明旭.1986.昆虫性比的初步研究.江西农业大学学报,(S3):8-13.(Zhang S M,Yang M X.1986.A preliminary study on sex ratios of insects.Acta Agriculturae Universitis Jiangxiensis,(S3):8-13.[in Chinese])
Duan Y,KerdelhuéC,Ye H,et al.2004.Genetic study of the forest pest Tomicus piniperda(Col.,Scolytinae)in Yunnan Province(China)compared to Europe:new insights for the systematics and evolution of the genus Tomicus.Heredity,93(5):416-422.
Kirkendall L R,Faccoli M,Ye H.2008.Description of the Yunnan shoot borer,Tomicus yunnanensis Kirkendall&Faccoli sp.n.(Curculionidae,Scolytinae),an unusually aggressive pine shoot beetle from southern China,with a key to the species of Tomicus.Zootaxa,1819:25-39.
L?ngstr?m B,Li L S,Liu H P,et al.2002.Shoot feeding ecology of Tomicus piniperda and T.minor(Col.,Scolytidae)in southern China.Journal of Applied Entomology,126(7/8):333-342.
Li X,Zhang Z,Wang H B,et al.2010.Tomicus armandii Li&Zhang(Curculionidae,Scolytinae),a new pine shoot borer from China.Zootaxa,2572:57-64.
Schlyter F,Zhang Q H,Anderson P,et al.2000.Electrophysiological and behavioural responses of Tomicus piniperda and Tomicus minor(coleoptera:scolytidae)to non-host leaf and bark volatiles.The Canadian Entomologist,132(6):965-981.
Schroeder L M.1996.Interactions between the predators Thanasimus formicarius(Col.:Cleridae)and Rhizophagus depressus(Col:Rhizophagidae),and the bark beetle Tomicus piniperda(Col.:Scolytidae).Entomophaga,41(1):63-75.
Sun J H,Clarke S R,Kang L,et al.2005.Field trails of potential attractants and inhibitors for pine shoot beetles in the Yunnan Province,China.Annals of Forest Science,62(1):9-12.
Ye H,Ding X S.1999.Impacts of Tomicus minor on distribution and reproduction of Tomicus piniperda(Col.,Scolytidae)on the trunk of the living Pinus yunnanensis trees.Journal of Applied Entomology,123(6):329-333.
Ye H.1991.On the bionomy of Tomicus piniperda(L.)(Col.,Scolytidae)in the Kunming region of China.Journal of Applied Entomology,112:366-369.
Zhao T,L?ngstr?m B.2012.Performance of Tomicus yunnanensis and Tomicus minor(Col.,Scolytinae)on Pinus yunnanensis and Pinus armandii in Yunnan,Southwestern China.Psyche,2012:1-6.
高艳飞,张英,张真,等.2012.切梢小蠹蛀食云南松枝梢行为研究.东北林业大学学报,40(6):81-84.(Gao Y F,Zhang Y,Zhang Z,et al.2012.Shoot Feeding Behaviour of Tomicus yunnanensis on Pinus yunnanensis trees.Journal of Northeast Forestry University,40(6):81-84.[in Chinese])
李丽莎,王海林,柴秀山,等.1997.云南松纵坑切梢小蠹危害及生物学特性研究.云南林业科技,(2):1-7.(Li L S,Wang H L,Chai X S,et al.1997.Study on the biological characteristics of Tomicus piniperda and its demage.Yunnan Forestry Science and Technology,(2):1-7.[in Chinese])
李丽莎,刘宏屏,周楠,等.2004.松小蠹综合控制技术研究.西部林业科学,33(1):62-71.(Li L S,Liu H P,Zhou N,et al.2004.Studies on the integrated control techniques of Tomicus piniperda.Journal of West China Forestry Science,33(1):62-71.[in Chinese])
李丽莎,刘宏屏,陈鹏,等.2006.两种切梢小蠹生态学特性比较研究.西部林业科学,35(1):1-5.(Li L S,Liu H P,Chen P,et al.2006.Comparison study on ecological characteristics of Tomicus piniperda and T.minor.Journal of West China Forestry Science.35(1):1-5.[in Chinese])
李霞,张真,曹鹏,等.2012.切梢小蠹属昆虫分类鉴定方法.林业科学,48(2):110-116.(Li X,Zhang Z,Cao P,et al.2012.Classfication of Tomicus Species.Scientia Silvae Sinicae,48(2):110-116.[in Chinese])
马学玉,胡劭驥,叶辉.2016.基于线粒体COI基因对5种切梢小蠹种间关系的研究.云南民族大学学报:自然科学版,25(2):126-130.(Ma X Y,Hu S J,Ye H.2016.Research on the interspecific relationship of five Tomicus species based on the mitochondrial COIgene.Journal of Yunnan University of Nationalities:Natural Sciences Edition,25(2):126-130.[in Chinese])
舒凝碧,朱翔,蒋昭龙.1991.松纵坑切梢小蠹和横坑切梢小蠹在云南松蠹害木上的分布.云南林业科技,(3):52-53.(Shu N B,Zhu X,Jiang Z L.1991.Distribution of Tomicus piniperda Linnaeus and Tomicus minor Hartig in Pinus yunnanensis.Yunnan Forestry Science and Technology,(3):52-53.[in Chinese])
沈绍伟.2017.两种切梢小蠹危害云南松的时空生态位与松树主要生理指标变化.北京:北京林业大学硕士学位论文.(Shen S W.2017.Temporal and spatial niche of two Tomicus species damaging Pins yunnanensis Faranch.as well as its major physiological index dynamics.Beijing:MS thesis of Beijing Forestry University.[in Chinese])
王平彦.2012.云南松三种切梢小蠹信息化学物质的研究.北京:中国林业科学研究院博士学位论文.(Wang P Y.2012.Study on the semiochemicals of the three Tomicus species in Pinus yunnanensis Franch.Beijing:PhD thesis of Chinese Academy of Forestry.[in Chinese])
叶辉,吕军,Francois Lieutier.2004.云南横坑切梢小蠹生物学研究.昆虫学报,47(2):223-228.(Ye H,LüJ,Lieutier F.2004.On the bionomics of Tomicus minor(Hartig)(Coleoptera:Scolytidae)in Yunnan Province.Acta Entomologica Sinica,47(2):223-228.[in Chinese])
章士美,杨明旭.1986.昆虫性比的初步研究.江西农业大学学报,(S3):8-13.(Zhang S M,Yang M X.1986.A preliminary study on sex ratios of insects.Acta Agriculturae Universitis Jiangxiensis,(S3):8-13.[in Chinese])
Duan Y,KerdelhuéC,Ye H,et al.2004.Genetic study of the forest pest Tomicus piniperda(Col.,Scolytinae)in Yunnan Province(China)compared to Europe:new insights for the systematics and evolution of the genus Tomicus.Heredity,93(5):416-422.
Kirkendall L R,Faccoli M,Ye H.2008.Description of the Yunnan shoot borer,Tomicus yunnanensis Kirkendall&Faccoli sp.n.(Curculionidae,Scolytinae),an unusually aggressive pine shoot beetle from southern China,with a key to the species of Tomicus.Zootaxa,1819:25-39.
L?ngstr?m B,Li L S,Liu H P,et al.2002.Shoot feeding ecology of Tomicus piniperda and T.minor(Col.,Scolytidae)in southern China.Journal of Applied Entomology,126(7/8):333-342.
Li X,Zhang Z,Wang H B,et al.2010.Tomicus armandii Li&Zhang(Curculionidae,Scolytinae),a new pine shoot borer from China.Zootaxa,2572:57-64.
Schlyter F,Zhang Q H,Anderson P,et al.2000.Electrophysiological and behavioural responses of Tomicus piniperda and Tomicus minor(coleoptera:scolytidae)to non-host leaf and bark volatiles.The Canadian Entomologist,132(6):965-981.
Schroeder L M.1996.Interactions between the predators Thanasimus formicarius(Col.:Cleridae)and Rhizophagus depressus(Col:Rhizophagidae),and the bark beetle Tomicus piniperda(Col.:Scolytidae).Entomophaga,41(1):63-75.
Sun J H,Clarke S R,Kang L,et al.2005.Field trails of potential attractants and inhibitors for pine shoot beetles in the Yunnan Province,China.Annals of Forest Science,62(1):9-12.
Ye H,Ding X S.1999.Impacts of Tomicus minor on distribution and reproduction of Tomicus piniperda(Col.,Scolytidae)on the trunk of the living Pinus yunnanensis trees.Journal of Applied Entomology,123(6):329-333.
Ye H.1991.On the bionomy of Tomicus piniperda(L.)(Col.,Scolytidae)in the Kunming region of China.Journal of Applied Entomology,112:366-369.
Zhao T,L?ngstr?m B.2012.Performance of Tomicus yunnanensis and Tomicus minor(Col.,Scolytinae)on Pinus yunnanensis and Pinus armandii in Yunnan,Southwestern China.Psyche,2012:1-6.