小叶杨花粉母细胞减数分裂及花粉萌发力观测
|
摘要
【目的】探讨小叶杨(Populus simonii)小孢子母细胞减数分裂过程的特征及花粉萌发能力,为其杂交育种及分子细胞遗传学研究奠定基础。【方法】以小叶杨发育良好的雄花枝为研究材料,采用卡宝品红压片法,观察花粉母细胞减数分裂过程的特点,比较不同条件水培花枝对花粉萌发能力的影响。【结果】从小孢子母细胞发育到花粉粒,花芽除了稍增粗以外,外观没有明显变化;减数分裂过程存在核仁数目的动态变化、落后染色体及不同类型的纺锤体;室内水培花枝的花粉较室外水培的萌发能力强,室外水培的花枝花粉中观察到了2n花粉;同一花枝上的不同花芽及同一花芽中不同小花的发育不同步,但同一小花中的不同花药发育基本一致。【结论】小叶杨可以产生天然2n花粉,是杨树多倍体育种及分子细胞遗传学研究的良好试验材料。
【Objective】In order to lay the foundation for cross breeding and molecular cytogenetics of Populus simonii,the characteristics of the meiosis processes of microsporocytes and pollen germination ability were analyzed.【Method】We observed the meiosis processes of microsporocytes using carbol fuchin staining,and compared the pollen germination capacity under different conditions for culturing flower branches.【Result】There was no obvious change in the flower buds except slightly thicker from the stage of microsporocyte to pollen grains during the meiosis. There was dynamic change of the number of nucleolus,lagged chromosomes and different kinds of spindles during the meiosis. The germination rate for the pollen grains of indoor flower branch is higher than the pollen grains of outdoor flower branch,and 2 n gametes were observed from the pollen grains of outdoor flower branch. Different flower buds in one flowering branch or different florets in one flower bud showed non-synchronization in the meiosis processes of microsporocytes,but different anthers in one floret showed synchronization in the processes of meiosis. 【Conclusion】The P. simonii could produce natural 2 n pollen.It is an ideal species for the research of polyploid breeding and molecular cytogenetics of poplar.
【Objective】In order to lay the foundation for cross breeding and molecular cytogenetics of Populus simonii,the characteristics of the meiosis processes of microsporocytes and pollen germination ability were analyzed.【Method】We observed the meiosis processes of microsporocytes using carbol fuchin staining,and compared the pollen germination capacity under different conditions for culturing flower branches.【Result】There was no obvious change in the flower buds except slightly thicker from the stage of microsporocyte to pollen grains during the meiosis. There was dynamic change of the number of nucleolus,lagged chromosomes and different kinds of spindles during the meiosis. The germination rate for the pollen grains of indoor flower branch is higher than the pollen grains of outdoor flower branch,and 2 n gametes were observed from the pollen grains of outdoor flower branch. Different flower buds in one flowering branch or different florets in one flower bud showed non-synchronization in the meiosis processes of microsporocytes,but different anthers in one floret showed synchronization in the processes of meiosis. 【Conclusion】The P. simonii could produce natural 2 n pollen.It is an ideal species for the research of polyploid breeding and molecular cytogenetics of poplar.
引文
[1]杨自湘,李钢铁,高志华.中国西北小叶杨资源概述[J].世界林业研究,1999,12(5):49-53.YANG Z X,LI G T,GAO Z H.An survey for Populus simonii resources in four provinces of Northwest China[J].World Forestry Research,1999,12(5):49-53.
[2]梁胜发,奥小平,郝向春,等.小叶杨资源现状与发展前景[J].山西林业科技,2002(1):6-8,17.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1007-726X.2002.01.003.
[3]TONG C F,LI H G,WANG Y,et al.Construction of high-density linkage maps of Populus deltoides×P.simonii using restriction-site associated DNA sequencing[J].PLOS One,2016,11(3):e0150692.DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0150692.
[4]辛昊阳,王帅,刘光欣,等.美洲黑杨小孢子母细胞减数分裂进程与花芽及花药外观形态相关性研究[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2016,40(2):48-52.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.2016.02.008.XIN H Y,WANG S,LIU G X,et al.Relationship between the meiosis processes of microsporocytes and morphology of male flower buds and anthers in Populus deltoides Marsh[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Natural Sciences Edition),2016,40(2):48-52.
[5]鲁敏,王君,王旭军,等.响叶杨小孢子母细胞减数分裂及染色体行为的研究[J].植物科学学报,2011,29(2):171-177.LU M,WANG J,WANG X J,et al.Meiosis and chromosome behavior of microsporocytes in Populus adenopoda Maxim.[J].Journal of Wuhan Botanical Research,2011,29(2):171-177.
[6]许雯婷,赵健,赵楠,等.欧洲黑杨花粉母细胞减数分裂观察及其不同步性分析[J].西北植物学报,2011,31(10):1981-1987.XU W T,ZHAO J,ZHAO N,et al.Meiosis of pollen mother cells and their asynchrony in Populus nigra L.[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2011,31(10):1981-1987.
[7]许重阳,王君,叶粟,等.白杨杂种三倍体小孢子母细胞减数分裂及花粉形态观察[J].西北植物学报,2011,31(12):2454-2458.XU C Y,WANG J,YE S,et al.Meiosis of microsporocyte and variation of pollen in an allotriploid white poplar[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2011,31(12):2454-2458.
[8]唐湫钥,王君,刘明虎,等.小胡杨花粉母细胞减数分裂染色体行为研究[J].西北植物学报,2010,30(7):1351-1358.TANG Q Y,WANG J,LIU M H,et al.Chromosome behavior of meiosis in pollen mother cell of Populus simonii×P.euphratica[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2010,30(7):1351-1358.
[9]祁传磊,李开隆,肖静,等.大青杨花粉母细胞减数分裂及其发育[J].东北林业大学学报,2009,37(3):72-75.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-5382.2009.03.027.QI C L,LI K L,XIAO J,et al.Meiosis of pollen mother cells and pollen development of Populus ussuriensis[J].Journal of Northeast Forestry University,2009,37(3):72-75.
[10]王君,康向阳,李代丽,等.通辽杨花粉母细胞减数分裂及其染色体行为研究[J].西北植物学报,2006,26(11):2231-2238.DOI:10.3321/j.issn.1000-4025.2006.11.007.WANG J,KANG X Y,LI D L,et al.Meiosis and chromosome behavior of pollen mother cell in Populus simonii Carr.×P.nigra L.‘Tongliao’[J].Acta Bot Boreal-Occident Sin,2006,26(11):2231-2238.
[11]侯延侠,康向阳.响叶杨大、小孢子母细胞减数分裂进程及其对应关系[J].西北植物学报,2006,26(1):46-49.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1000-4025.2006.01.009.HOU Y X,KANG X Y.Meiosis stages and their corresponding relation of Populus adenopoda megasporocytes and microsporocytes[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2006,26(1):46-49.
[12]李艳华,马洁,康向阳,等.毛白杨大孢子母细胞减数分裂进程及其即时判断[J].北京林业大学学报,2005,27(2):70-74.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1000-1522.2005.02.014.LI Y H,MA J,KANG X Y.Stages of mmc meiosis and its timely discrimination of white poplars[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2005,27(2):70-74.
[13]康向阳,朱之悌,张志毅.毛白杨花粉母细胞减数分裂及其进程的研究[J].北京林业大学学报,2000,22(6):5-7.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1000-1522.2000.06.002.KANG X Y,ZHU Z T,ZHANG Z Y.Meiosis and its stages of pollen mother cells in chinese white poplar[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2000,22(6):5-7.
[14]赵晨光,李燕杰,张冬平,等.胡杨未减数2n花粉形成的细胞学机制[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2015,39(6):40-44.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.2015.06.008.ZHAO C G,LI Y J,ZHANG D P,et al.Cytological mechanism of unreduced 2n pollen formation in Populus enphratica[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Natural Sciences Edition),2015,39(6):40-44.
[15]王毅,娄成后.棉花和小叶杨小孢子母细胞中超数核仁的形成及动态变化[J].北京农业大学学报,1993,19(3):13-17.WANG Y,LOU C H.The origin and movement of supernumerary nucleoli in microsporocyte of Gossypium hirsutum and Populus simonii[J].Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Pekinensis,1993,19(3):13-17.
[16]郭军洋,陈劲枫,钱春桃,等.植物减数分裂染色体配对与染色体组分析的研究进展[J].植物学通报,2004,21(5):513-520.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1674-3466.2004.05.001.GUO J Y,CHEN J F,QIAN C T,et al.Meiotic chromosome pairing research and genome analysis in plants[J].Chinese Bulletin of Botany,2004,21(5):513-520.
[2]梁胜发,奥小平,郝向春,等.小叶杨资源现状与发展前景[J].山西林业科技,2002(1):6-8,17.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1007-726X.2002.01.003.
[3]TONG C F,LI H G,WANG Y,et al.Construction of high-density linkage maps of Populus deltoides×P.simonii using restriction-site associated DNA sequencing[J].PLOS One,2016,11(3):e0150692.DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0150692.
[4]辛昊阳,王帅,刘光欣,等.美洲黑杨小孢子母细胞减数分裂进程与花芽及花药外观形态相关性研究[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2016,40(2):48-52.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.2016.02.008.XIN H Y,WANG S,LIU G X,et al.Relationship between the meiosis processes of microsporocytes and morphology of male flower buds and anthers in Populus deltoides Marsh[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Natural Sciences Edition),2016,40(2):48-52.
[5]鲁敏,王君,王旭军,等.响叶杨小孢子母细胞减数分裂及染色体行为的研究[J].植物科学学报,2011,29(2):171-177.LU M,WANG J,WANG X J,et al.Meiosis and chromosome behavior of microsporocytes in Populus adenopoda Maxim.[J].Journal of Wuhan Botanical Research,2011,29(2):171-177.
[6]许雯婷,赵健,赵楠,等.欧洲黑杨花粉母细胞减数分裂观察及其不同步性分析[J].西北植物学报,2011,31(10):1981-1987.XU W T,ZHAO J,ZHAO N,et al.Meiosis of pollen mother cells and their asynchrony in Populus nigra L.[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2011,31(10):1981-1987.
[7]许重阳,王君,叶粟,等.白杨杂种三倍体小孢子母细胞减数分裂及花粉形态观察[J].西北植物学报,2011,31(12):2454-2458.XU C Y,WANG J,YE S,et al.Meiosis of microsporocyte and variation of pollen in an allotriploid white poplar[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2011,31(12):2454-2458.
[8]唐湫钥,王君,刘明虎,等.小胡杨花粉母细胞减数分裂染色体行为研究[J].西北植物学报,2010,30(7):1351-1358.TANG Q Y,WANG J,LIU M H,et al.Chromosome behavior of meiosis in pollen mother cell of Populus simonii×P.euphratica[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2010,30(7):1351-1358.
[9]祁传磊,李开隆,肖静,等.大青杨花粉母细胞减数分裂及其发育[J].东北林业大学学报,2009,37(3):72-75.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-5382.2009.03.027.QI C L,LI K L,XIAO J,et al.Meiosis of pollen mother cells and pollen development of Populus ussuriensis[J].Journal of Northeast Forestry University,2009,37(3):72-75.
[10]王君,康向阳,李代丽,等.通辽杨花粉母细胞减数分裂及其染色体行为研究[J].西北植物学报,2006,26(11):2231-2238.DOI:10.3321/j.issn.1000-4025.2006.11.007.WANG J,KANG X Y,LI D L,et al.Meiosis and chromosome behavior of pollen mother cell in Populus simonii Carr.×P.nigra L.‘Tongliao’[J].Acta Bot Boreal-Occident Sin,2006,26(11):2231-2238.
[11]侯延侠,康向阳.响叶杨大、小孢子母细胞减数分裂进程及其对应关系[J].西北植物学报,2006,26(1):46-49.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1000-4025.2006.01.009.HOU Y X,KANG X Y.Meiosis stages and their corresponding relation of Populus adenopoda megasporocytes and microsporocytes[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2006,26(1):46-49.
[12]李艳华,马洁,康向阳,等.毛白杨大孢子母细胞减数分裂进程及其即时判断[J].北京林业大学学报,2005,27(2):70-74.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1000-1522.2005.02.014.LI Y H,MA J,KANG X Y.Stages of mmc meiosis and its timely discrimination of white poplars[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2005,27(2):70-74.
[13]康向阳,朱之悌,张志毅.毛白杨花粉母细胞减数分裂及其进程的研究[J].北京林业大学学报,2000,22(6):5-7.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1000-1522.2000.06.002.KANG X Y,ZHU Z T,ZHANG Z Y.Meiosis and its stages of pollen mother cells in chinese white poplar[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2000,22(6):5-7.
[14]赵晨光,李燕杰,张冬平,等.胡杨未减数2n花粉形成的细胞学机制[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2015,39(6):40-44.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.2015.06.008.ZHAO C G,LI Y J,ZHANG D P,et al.Cytological mechanism of unreduced 2n pollen formation in Populus enphratica[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Natural Sciences Edition),2015,39(6):40-44.
[15]王毅,娄成后.棉花和小叶杨小孢子母细胞中超数核仁的形成及动态变化[J].北京农业大学学报,1993,19(3):13-17.WANG Y,LOU C H.The origin and movement of supernumerary nucleoli in microsporocyte of Gossypium hirsutum and Populus simonii[J].Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Pekinensis,1993,19(3):13-17.
[16]郭军洋,陈劲枫,钱春桃,等.植物减数分裂染色体配对与染色体组分析的研究进展[J].植物学通报,2004,21(5):513-520.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1674-3466.2004.05.001.GUO J Y,CHEN J F,QIAN C T,et al.Meiotic chromosome pairing research and genome analysis in plants[J].Chinese Bulletin of Botany,2004,21(5):513-520.