常规籼稻黄华占籽粒淀粉和蔗糖代谢相关酶活性对夜温升高的响应
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摘要
为了揭示夜间温度升高对灌浆过程中籽粒灌浆生理过程的影响规律,采用人工气候箱模拟自然环境的温度变化,在水稻灌浆的3个时期P_1(水稻开花后的前10 d)、P_2(水稻开花后11～20 d)和P_3(水稻开花后21～30 d),均设置21℃(T_1)、25℃(T_2)和29℃(T_3)3种不同的夜间温度处理,日间最高温度为32℃,研究水稻灌浆期间,不同灌浆时段夜温升高对水稻籽粒淀粉和蔗糖含量及其代谢相关酶活性的影响。结果表明,水稻开花后的P_1时期和P_2时期籽粒淀粉和蔗糖代谢相关酶活性受夜温升高的影响较大,其中P_1时期是淀粉代谢对夜温变化最敏感的时期。灌浆初期(P_1),夜温升高,淀粉含量显著上升,直链淀粉和支链淀粉的含量也随之上升,蔗糖含量下降;蔗糖合成酶、可溶性淀粉合成酶和淀粉分支酶活性下降,蔗糖磷酸合成酶日间酶活性上升而夜间下降,这说明夜温升高对酶活性的影响具有持续效应,即日间酶活性也会受到夜温升高的影响。研究结果为明确水稻籽粒灌浆过程中气候变化对籽粒物质积累的影响机制提供了参考。
In order to reveal the influence law of night temperature rise on the physiological process of grain filling during the filling process, the temperature change in the natural environment was simulated by using the climate chamber, and three different night temperature treatments, 21℃(T_1), 25℃(T_2) and 29℃(T_3), were set up in the three stages of rice filling process, which were P_1(the first 10 d after rice flowering), P_2(11～20 d after rice flowering) and P_3(21～30 d after flowering), and in the meantime, the highest temperature of daytime is 32℃. The effects of night temperature rise in different filling periods on the contents of grain starch and sucrose and their metabolism-related enzyme activities were studied during rice filling. The results showed that the activities of starch and sucrose metabolism-related enzymes of rice grains in P_1 and P_2 periods after rice flowering were significantly affected by the increase of night temperature, among which P_1 period was the most sensitive period for starch metabolism to the change of night temperature. At the early stage of filling(P_1), the content of starch increased significantly with the increase of night temperature, as well as the contents of amylose and amylopectin, while the content of sucrose decreased. Under the same condition, the activities of sucrose synthase, soluble starch synthase and starch branching enzyme decreased, and the activities of sucrose phosphate synthase increased during the daytime and decreased at night. This indicated that the increase of night temperature had a sustained effect on the enzyme activity, that was, the enzyme activity during daytime was also affected by the increase of night temperature. The results provided a reference for understanding the influence mechanism of climate change on grain material accumulation during rice grain filling.
In order to reveal the influence law of night temperature rise on the physiological process of grain filling during the filling process, the temperature change in the natural environment was simulated by using the climate chamber, and three different night temperature treatments, 21℃(T_1), 25℃(T_2) and 29℃(T_3), were set up in the three stages of rice filling process, which were P_1(the first 10 d after rice flowering), P_2(11～20 d after rice flowering) and P_3(21～30 d after flowering), and in the meantime, the highest temperature of daytime is 32℃. The effects of night temperature rise in different filling periods on the contents of grain starch and sucrose and their metabolism-related enzyme activities were studied during rice filling. The results showed that the activities of starch and sucrose metabolism-related enzymes of rice grains in P_1 and P_2 periods after rice flowering were significantly affected by the increase of night temperature, among which P_1 period was the most sensitive period for starch metabolism to the change of night temperature. At the early stage of filling(P_1), the content of starch increased significantly with the increase of night temperature, as well as the contents of amylose and amylopectin, while the content of sucrose decreased. Under the same condition, the activities of sucrose synthase, soluble starch synthase and starch branching enzyme decreased, and the activities of sucrose phosphate synthase increased during the daytime and decreased at night. This indicated that the increase of night temperature had a sustained effect on the enzyme activity, that was, the enzyme activity during daytime was also affected by the increase of night temperature. The results provided a reference for understanding the influence mechanism of climate change on grain material accumulation during rice grain filling.
引文
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[14] 赵法茂,齐霞,肖军,等.测定淀粉分支酶活性方法的改进[J].植物生理学通讯,2007(6):1167-1169.
[15] 吕艳梅,谭伟平,肖层林,等.高温对优质水稻籽粒淀粉形成及淀粉合成相关酶活性的影响[J].华北农学报,2014,29(1):135-139.
[16] 钱春荣,冯延江,杨静,等.水稻籽粒蛋白质含量选择对杂种早代蒸煮食味品质的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2007,21(3):323-326.
[17] Zhao B,Zhang W,Wang Z,et al..Changes in activities of the key enzymes related to starch synthesis in rice grains during grain filling and their relationships with the filling rate and cooking quality[J].Chin.Agric.Sci.,2005,4(1):26-33.
[18] 张桂莲,张顺堂,王力,等.抽穗结实期不同时段高温对稻米品质的影响[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(14):2869-2879.
[19] Mayer L I,Edreira J I R,Maddonni G A.Oil yield components of maize crops exposed to heat stress during early and late grain-filling stages[J].Crop Sci.,2014,54(5):2236-2250.
[20] Wilhelm E P,Mullen R E,Keeling P L,et al..Heat stress during grain filling in maize:Effects on kernel growth and metabolism[J].Crop Sci.,1991,39(6):1733-1741.
[21] 曹云英.高温对水稻产量与品质的影响及其生理机制[D].江苏扬州:扬州大学,博士学位论文,2009.
[22] 金正勋,杨静,钱春荣,等.灌浆成熟期温度对水稻籽粒淀粉合成关键酶活性及品质的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2005,19(4):377-380.
[23] Nakamura Y.Towards a better understanding of the metabolic system for amylopectin biosynthesis in plants:Rice endosperm as a model tissue[J].Plant Cell Physiol.,2002,43(7):718-725.
[2] Peng S,Huang J,Sheehy J E,et al..Rice yields decline with higher night temperature from global warming[J].Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA,2004,101(27):9971-9975.
[3] Mohammed A R,Tarpley L.Effects of night temperature,spikelet position and salicylic acid on yield and yield-related parameters of rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants[J].J.Agron.Crop Sci.,2011,197(1):40-49.
[4] Shi W,Yin X,Struik P C,et al..High day-and night-time temperatures affect grain growth dynamics in contrasting rice genotypes[J].J.Exp.Bot.,2017,68(18):5233-5245.
[5] 钟连进,程方民.水稻籽粒灌浆过程直链淀粉的积累及其相关酶的品种类型间差异[J].作物学报,2003(3):452-456.
[6] 潘庆民,于振文,王月福.小麦开花后旗叶中蔗糖合成与籽粒中蔗糖降解[J].植物生理与分子生物学学报,2002(3):235-240.
[7] 任雷.不同光温条件对厚皮甜瓜果实糖分积累与蔗糖代谢相关酶活性的影响[D].陕西杨凌:西北农林科技大学,硕士学位论文,2010.
[8] Kato T.Change of sucrose synthase activity in developing endosperm of rice cultivars[J].Crop Sci.,1995,35(3):827-831.
[9] 张桂莲,廖斌,武小金,等.高温对水稻胚乳淀粉合成关键酶活性及内源激素含量的影响[J].植物生理学报,2014,50(12):1840-1844.
[10] 张志良,瞿伟菁.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:中国高等教育出版社,2003,127-128.
[11] 何照范.粮油籽粒品质及其分析技术[M].北京:农业出版社,1985,131-133.
[12] 夏叔芳,徐健,苏丽英,等.水稻叶片的蔗糖合成酶[J].植物生理学报,1989(3):239-243.
[13] 李天,大杉立,山岸徹,等.灌浆结实期弱光对水稻籽粒淀粉积累及相关酶活性的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2005(6):545-550.
[14] 赵法茂,齐霞,肖军,等.测定淀粉分支酶活性方法的改进[J].植物生理学通讯,2007(6):1167-1169.
[15] 吕艳梅,谭伟平,肖层林,等.高温对优质水稻籽粒淀粉形成及淀粉合成相关酶活性的影响[J].华北农学报,2014,29(1):135-139.
[16] 钱春荣,冯延江,杨静,等.水稻籽粒蛋白质含量选择对杂种早代蒸煮食味品质的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2007,21(3):323-326.
[17] Zhao B,Zhang W,Wang Z,et al..Changes in activities of the key enzymes related to starch synthesis in rice grains during grain filling and their relationships with the filling rate and cooking quality[J].Chin.Agric.Sci.,2005,4(1):26-33.
[18] 张桂莲,张顺堂,王力,等.抽穗结实期不同时段高温对稻米品质的影响[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(14):2869-2879.
[19] Mayer L I,Edreira J I R,Maddonni G A.Oil yield components of maize crops exposed to heat stress during early and late grain-filling stages[J].Crop Sci.,2014,54(5):2236-2250.
[20] Wilhelm E P,Mullen R E,Keeling P L,et al..Heat stress during grain filling in maize:Effects on kernel growth and metabolism[J].Crop Sci.,1991,39(6):1733-1741.
[21] 曹云英.高温对水稻产量与品质的影响及其生理机制[D].江苏扬州:扬州大学,博士学位论文,2009.
[22] 金正勋,杨静,钱春荣,等.灌浆成熟期温度对水稻籽粒淀粉合成关键酶活性及品质的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2005,19(4):377-380.
[23] Nakamura Y.Towards a better understanding of the metabolic system for amylopectin biosynthesis in plants:Rice endosperm as a model tissue[J].Plant Cell Physiol.,2002,43(7):718-725.