基于“3414”模型对甜玉米氮磷钾效应的研究
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摘要
为探讨不同氮、磷、钾施肥配比及用量对甜玉米产量的影响,运用"3414"回归最优设计原理,在武汉市汉南区现代农业试验示范园设置甜玉米肥效试验。各处理中,N2P3K2处理产量最高,达13 477.5 kg/hm2,N0P0K0处理不施肥时产量为10 870.5 kg/hm2,产量差异显著;比较不同氮、磷、钾肥用量的甜玉米产量,发现在3种肥料中2种肥料不变的条件下,单一提高另一种肥料的施用量,甜玉米的产量随肥料用量的提高先上升后下降;对比氮、磷、钾3因素的缺素处理,发现对甜玉米产量影响次序为钾肥>氮肥>磷肥。施肥配比及施肥用量对甜玉米产量有着直接影响,钾肥是影响该区甜玉米产量的主要因素。在生产上,甜玉米施肥时应考虑肥料的合理投入。
The research aimed to investigate the effects of different N,P,K fertilizer ratio and fertilizer amount on sweet maize yield. "3414" design theory was applied to set sweet maize fertilizer efficiency test in Hannan modern agricultural experiment and demonstration garden of Wuhan city. The yield of N2 P3 K2 was the highest,reaching 13 477.5 kg/hm2,when that of no fertilizer N0 P0 K0 treatment was 10 870.5 kg/hm2. The difference of yield was significant. Compared with the different dosage of nitrogen and phosphorus and potassium,it was found that while the other two fertilizes kept unchanged only increased a single use of another fertilizer,the sweet maize yields increased with the fertilizer at first and then decreased when continued to improve the amount of the fertilizer treatments. The results showed that the treatment without potassium had a notable effect on sweet maize yield. Contrasted with the nutrients deficiency no phosphorus treatment had less effect on sweet maize yield and no nitrogen treatment had minimal effect on sweet maize yield. Optimum fertilizing proportion of N,P and K fertilizer and fertilization amount had a direct impact on sweet maize yield. Potassium fertilizer was the key factors. It should be consideration of the reasonable application of fertilizer in fields.
The research aimed to investigate the effects of different N,P,K fertilizer ratio and fertilizer amount on sweet maize yield. "3414" design theory was applied to set sweet maize fertilizer efficiency test in Hannan modern agricultural experiment and demonstration garden of Wuhan city. The yield of N2 P3 K2 was the highest,reaching 13 477.5 kg/hm2,when that of no fertilizer N0 P0 K0 treatment was 10 870.5 kg/hm2. The difference of yield was significant. Compared with the different dosage of nitrogen and phosphorus and potassium,it was found that while the other two fertilizes kept unchanged only increased a single use of another fertilizer,the sweet maize yields increased with the fertilizer at first and then decreased when continued to improve the amount of the fertilizer treatments. The results showed that the treatment without potassium had a notable effect on sweet maize yield. Contrasted with the nutrients deficiency no phosphorus treatment had less effect on sweet maize yield and no nitrogen treatment had minimal effect on sweet maize yield. Optimum fertilizing proportion of N,P and K fertilizer and fertilization amount had a direct impact on sweet maize yield. Potassium fertilizer was the key factors. It should be consideration of the reasonable application of fertilizer in fields.
引文
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[2]张朋妍,霍剑锋,孟繁盛,等.不同肥料、施肥水平及施用方法对玉米产量、性状及效益的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2014,42(11):119-122.
[3]毕生斌,张国云,杨平芬,等.“3414”试验对山地玉米产量影响及推荐施肥探索[J].热带农业科学,2015,35(3):7-11.
[4]沈学善,陈尚洪,陈红琳.基于“3414”模型对川中丘陵区玉米氮磷钾效应的研究[J].西南农业学报,2012,25(6):2132-2137.
[5]胡建军,张月琴,温学飞,等.基于“3414”模型研究宁夏盐池县玉米氮磷钾施肥效应[J].水土保持研究,2011,18(4):268-272.
[6]张白鸽,李强,陈琼贤,等.广东甜玉米施肥指标体系研究[J].广东农业科学,2013(20):67-70.
[7]梁改梅,池宝亮,李娜娜,等.不同氮磷钾施肥配比和施肥用量对玉米产量的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2014,42(25):8573-8574,8577.