河北省冬小麦氮磷钾肥产量效应研究
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摘要
为了确定不同生态类型区冬小麦的最佳施肥量与施肥模型,采用"3414"田间肥效试验,对河北省不同生态类型区冬小麦栽培施用的氮、磷、钾肥效进行了研究。结果显示:不同生态类型区冬小麦产量差异很大,表现为山前平原区>低平原区>太行山丘陵区>滨海平原区,且各地区小麦田施肥区较不施肥区的增产量和增产率顺序均为NPK配施> NP配施> NK配施> PK配施;低平原区、山前平原区、太行山丘陵区和滨海平原区冬小麦最佳施氮量分别为200. 77,201. 18,151. 07,150 kg/hm2,最佳施磷肥量为144. 23,140. 44,98. 37,120kg/hm2,最佳施钾肥量为144. 23,140. 44,98. 37,120 kg/hm2。4个生态类型区土壤的供肥能力均表现为:钾肥>磷肥>氮肥。按照地区进行排序,土壤供氮肥能力依次为太行山>低平原>山前平原>滨海平原,供磷肥能力为太行山>山前平原>低平原>滨海平原,供钾肥能力为低平原>太行山>山前平原>滨海平原。在不同生态类型条件下,冬小麦的氮、磷、钾肥的肥料农学效率存在明显差异,除山前平原外,其他均表现为磷肥最高,钾肥最低,氮肥居中。综合分析认为,在低平原、太行山丘陵和滨海平原区域,应重视磷肥的施用;山前平原地区增加氮肥的施用量,能够有效提高冬小麦产量。
In order to determine the optimum fertilization amount and fertilization model of winter wheat in different ecological regions,the effects of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer on winter wheat cultivation in different ecological regions of Hebei Province were studied by " 3414 " field fertilizer efficiency test. The results showed that the yield of winter wheat varied greatly in different ecological regions,which showed that the yield of winter wheat was in the order of piedmont plain > low plain > Taihang hilly area > coastal plain area. The order of yield increase and yield increase rate of wheat field in different regions was NPK > NP > NK > PK. The optimum application of nitrogen fertilizer for winter wheat in different areas should be 200. 77,201. 18,151. 07 kg/ha,and the optimum application of phosphorus fertilizer should be 144. 23,140. 44,98. 37,120 kg/ha,and the optimum application of potassium fertilizer should be 144. 23,140. 44,98. 37,120 kg/ha.The ability of supplying fertilizer of soil in four ecological regions was as follows: potassium fertilizer > phosphate fertilizer > nitrogen fertilizer. The order of soil nitrogen supply capacity was Taihang mountain > low plain > piedmont plain > coastal Plain,P fertilizer supply capacity was Taihang mountain > piedmont plain > low plain > coastal plain,and K supply capacity was low plain > Taihang mountain > piedmont plain > coastal plain. Except the Piedmont plain,the agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer,phosphorus fertilizer and potash fertilizer of winter wheat were the highest,thepotassium fertilizer was the lowest,and the nitrogen fertilizer was the middle. It is concluded that the application of phosphorus fertilizer should be paid more attention to the low plain,Taihang mountain hills and coastal plain areas,and the increase of nitrogen application rate in the piedmont plain area can effectively increase the winter wheat yield.
In order to determine the optimum fertilization amount and fertilization model of winter wheat in different ecological regions,the effects of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer on winter wheat cultivation in different ecological regions of Hebei Province were studied by " 3414 " field fertilizer efficiency test. The results showed that the yield of winter wheat varied greatly in different ecological regions,which showed that the yield of winter wheat was in the order of piedmont plain > low plain > Taihang hilly area > coastal plain area. The order of yield increase and yield increase rate of wheat field in different regions was NPK > NP > NK > PK. The optimum application of nitrogen fertilizer for winter wheat in different areas should be 200. 77,201. 18,151. 07 kg/ha,and the optimum application of phosphorus fertilizer should be 144. 23,140. 44,98. 37,120 kg/ha,and the optimum application of potassium fertilizer should be 144. 23,140. 44,98. 37,120 kg/ha.The ability of supplying fertilizer of soil in four ecological regions was as follows: potassium fertilizer > phosphate fertilizer > nitrogen fertilizer. The order of soil nitrogen supply capacity was Taihang mountain > low plain > piedmont plain > coastal Plain,P fertilizer supply capacity was Taihang mountain > piedmont plain > low plain > coastal plain,and K supply capacity was low plain > Taihang mountain > piedmont plain > coastal plain. Except the Piedmont plain,the agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer,phosphorus fertilizer and potash fertilizer of winter wheat were the highest,thepotassium fertilizer was the lowest,and the nitrogen fertilizer was the middle. It is concluded that the application of phosphorus fertilizer should be paid more attention to the low plain,Taihang mountain hills and coastal plain areas,and the increase of nitrogen application rate in the piedmont plain area can effectively increase the winter wheat yield.
引文
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[9]倪虹.基于“3414”模型对淹水胁迫下硝普钠、亚精胺和表油菜素内酯对两种丁香光合速率影响的研究[J].黑龙江科学,2016,7(10):16-19.
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[12]王海华,刘兢文,程明凯,等.小麦“3414”肥料效应试验研究[J].农业科技通讯,2018(11):71-75.
[13]金竹.全椒县小麦“3414”肥料效应田间试验[J].安徽农学通报,2018,24(20):92-94.
[14]姚德龙.基于“3414”试验设计的夏玉米—冬小麦水肥效应研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2018.
[15]王伟妮.基于区域尺度的水稻氮磷钾肥料效应及推荐施肥量研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2014.
[16]秦荣昆.广西桂林市全州县测土配方施肥水稻“3414”肥料效应田间试验结果分析[J].农业资源与环境学报,2013,30(6):64-67.
[17]濮永赛,尹胜鑫,周祺,等.保山市冬马铃薯氮磷钾肥料效应研究[J].河北农业科学,2017(4):37-39.
[18]王云德,黎绍云,杨宗飞.杂交玉米氮磷钾养分测土配方施肥肥料效应研究[J].农业与技术,2017,(20):9-11,153
[19]郑贵银.氮磷配合施用对提高土壤供肥能力的研究[J].现代农村科技,2017(3):63-64.
[2]杨俐苹,白由路,王贺,等.测土配方施肥指标体系建立中“3414”试验方案应用探讨—以内蒙古海拉尔地区油菜“3414”试验为例[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2011,17(4):1018-1023.
[3]陈伦寿,李仁岗.农田施肥原理与实践[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1994:49-107.
[4]陈晓坤,马广薇. 2017—2018年五河县小麦“3414”肥料效应田间试验[J].现代农业科技,2018(21):15+32.
[5]金竹.全椒县小麦“3414”肥料效应田间试验[J].安徽农学通报,2018,24(20):92-94.
[6]吴金涛.应用“3414”肥料试验模型求解小麦施肥参数的研究[J].科技风,2018(30):196+198.
[7]张振卫,张全力,赵彦卿,等. 2017年马兰农场小麦“3414”肥料试验[J].基层农技推广,2018,6(6):40-43.
[8]陈娟,陈健.临夏市冬小麦最佳经济施肥量研究[J].甘肃农业科技,2015(9):34-36.
[9]倪虹.基于“3414”模型对淹水胁迫下硝普钠、亚精胺和表油菜素内酯对两种丁香光合速率影响的研究[J].黑龙江科学,2016,7(10):16-19.
[10]闫湘,金继运,梁鸣早.我国主要粮食作物化肥增产效应与肥料利用效率[J].土壤,2017,49(6):1067-1077.
[11]李成初.生姜测土配方施肥同田对比试验初探——以贵州思南为例[J].农技服务,2015,32(4):97.
[12]王海华,刘兢文,程明凯,等.小麦“3414”肥料效应试验研究[J].农业科技通讯,2018(11):71-75.
[13]金竹.全椒县小麦“3414”肥料效应田间试验[J].安徽农学通报,2018,24(20):92-94.
[14]姚德龙.基于“3414”试验设计的夏玉米—冬小麦水肥效应研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2018.
[15]王伟妮.基于区域尺度的水稻氮磷钾肥料效应及推荐施肥量研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2014.
[16]秦荣昆.广西桂林市全州县测土配方施肥水稻“3414”肥料效应田间试验结果分析[J].农业资源与环境学报,2013,30(6):64-67.
[17]濮永赛,尹胜鑫,周祺,等.保山市冬马铃薯氮磷钾肥料效应研究[J].河北农业科学,2017(4):37-39.
[18]王云德,黎绍云,杨宗飞.杂交玉米氮磷钾养分测土配方施肥肥料效应研究[J].农业与技术,2017,(20):9-11,153
[19]郑贵银.氮磷配合施用对提高土壤供肥能力的研究[J].现代农村科技,2017(3):63-64.