硼肥对双低春油菜养分吸收及产质量的影响
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摘要
于2016—2017年以双低油菜‘青杂5号’为供试材料,设置5个施硼处理,采用完全随机区组设计,研究不同施硼量对双低春油菜干物质积累、氮磷钾养分吸收、产量、品质的影响,以期阐明硼对双低春油菜产量、品质形成的影响机理,提出适宜的硼肥施用量,为双低春油菜生产提供理论依据和技术指导。试验结果表明:2016年在施硼量较小的情况下,油菜植株各器官的干物质积累、养分吸收、籽粒产量及品质均随施硼量增加呈逐渐升高趋势,2017年在增大施硼量的情况下,各指标均随施硼量增加呈先升后降趋势,都以施硼量为22.5 kg/hm~2时最高,此处理下籽粒产量较不施硼增产28.68%,脂肪含量提高8.06个百分点,蛋白质及芥酸含量均较其他处理有不同程度降低。回归分析表明内蒙古中部旱作地区双低春油菜生产中获得较高产量和产油量的适宜施硼量(粒粒硼,纯硼≥15%)为19.96～21.34 kg/hm~2。
The purpose is to elucidate the effect of boron on the yield and quality of double low spring rape,and to propose a suitable amount of boron fertilizer for the production of double low spring rape. In 2016-2017,using double-low rape‘Qingza 5'as test material, five boron treatments were conducted and a completely randomized block design was adopted, to investigate the effects of different boron levels on dry matter accumulation, NPK nutrient uptake, yield and quality of double low spring rape. The results showed that under the condition of low boron application in 2016, the dry matter accumulation, nutrient absorption, grain yield and quality of rapeseed plants increased gradually with the increase of boron application amount, and increased and then decreased in 2017 with the increase of boron application rate. The best boron application rate was 22.5 kg/hm~2. The grain yield under this treatment was 28.68% higher than that without boron, and the fat content increased by 8.06 percentage points, protein and erucic acid content were reduced to varying degrees compared to other treatments. Regression analysis showed that the appropriate amount of boron(Lili Boron: purity boron ≥ 15%) was 19.96-21.34 kg/hm~2 for the higher yield and oil yield in the double-low spring rapeseed production in the dry area of central Inner Mongolia.
The purpose is to elucidate the effect of boron on the yield and quality of double low spring rape,and to propose a suitable amount of boron fertilizer for the production of double low spring rape. In 2016-2017,using double-low rape‘Qingza 5'as test material, five boron treatments were conducted and a completely randomized block design was adopted, to investigate the effects of different boron levels on dry matter accumulation, NPK nutrient uptake, yield and quality of double low spring rape. The results showed that under the condition of low boron application in 2016, the dry matter accumulation, nutrient absorption, grain yield and quality of rapeseed plants increased gradually with the increase of boron application amount, and increased and then decreased in 2017 with the increase of boron application rate. The best boron application rate was 22.5 kg/hm~2. The grain yield under this treatment was 28.68% higher than that without boron, and the fat content increased by 8.06 percentage points, protein and erucic acid content were reduced to varying degrees compared to other treatments. Regression analysis showed that the appropriate amount of boron(Lili Boron: purity boron ≥ 15%) was 19.96-21.34 kg/hm~2 for the higher yield and oil yield in the double-low spring rapeseed production in the dry area of central Inner Mongolia.
引文
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[11]胡敏,朱芸,鲁剑巍,等.硼肥与菜籽同播对油菜出苗、产量及硼肥表观利用率的影响[J].中国油料作物学报,2017,39(4):509-514.
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[13]方益华.高硼胁迫对油菜光合作用的影响研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2001,7(1):109-112.
[14]徐芳森,王运华.甘蓝型油菜不同硼效率品种对缺硼反应的研究[J].华中农业大学学报,1998(1):55-60.
[15]陈钢,易妍睿,周谟兵,等.植物硼营养研究进展[J].安徽农业科学,2006,34(16):4060-4061.
[16]张子龙,李加纳.低硼对甘蓝型黄籽油菜与黑籽油菜花期生理特性的影响[J].土壤学报,2008,45(4):718-724.
[17] Yau S K, Ryan J. Boron Toxicity Tolerance in Crops:A Viable Alternative to Soil Amelioration[J].Crop Science,2008,48(3):854-865.
[18]杨美,石磊,徐芳森,等.不同硼水平对双低油菜华双4号产量和品质的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2008,14(6):1118-1122.
[19]杨玉爱,徐和昆.硼、氮、钾营养水平对油菜吸收硼、籽粒品质及产量的影响[J].中国农业科学,1989,22(1):44-51.
[20]陈钢,年夫照,王运华,等.硼、钼营养对甘蓝型油菜脂肪酸组分的影响[J].中国油料作物学报,2004,26(2):69-71.
[2]薛建明,杨玉爱,叶正钱,等.长江中下游油菜主栽品种的缺硼反应[J].浙江农业学报,1995(3):196-201.
[3]刘昌智.油菜和某些芸苔属作物的硼素营养(综述)[J].中国油料作物学报,1985(4).
[4]李志玉,郭庆元,廖星,等.两种硼肥对油菜新品种生长发育及产量的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2005(6):46-49.
[5]王淑芬.硼对油菜生长发育及产量的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2003,31(2):318-319.
[6]朱芸,陆志峰,肖文豪,等.硼肥用量对油菜产量与硼养分吸收的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2017(4):129-133.
[7]李志玉,廖星,涂学文,等.氮、磷、钾、硼配合对油菜品种产量、品质的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2003(6):33-37.
[8]胡秋辉,徐光壁.硼素营养对低芥酸油菜籽品质的影响[J].江苏农业科学,1989(9):13-14.
[9]马欣,石桃雄,武际,等.不同硼肥对油菜产量和品质的影响及其在油稻轮作中的后效[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2011,17(3):761-766.
[10]徐跃定,吴金桂,胡永红.油稻轮作制中油菜过量施硼对水稻产量的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2000(2):27-29.
[11]胡敏,朱芸,鲁剑巍,等.硼肥与菜籽同播对油菜出苗、产量及硼肥表观利用率的影响[J].中国油料作物学报,2017,39(4):509-514.
[12]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析.3版[M].中国农业出版社,2000.
[13]方益华.高硼胁迫对油菜光合作用的影响研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2001,7(1):109-112.
[14]徐芳森,王运华.甘蓝型油菜不同硼效率品种对缺硼反应的研究[J].华中农业大学学报,1998(1):55-60.
[15]陈钢,易妍睿,周谟兵,等.植物硼营养研究进展[J].安徽农业科学,2006,34(16):4060-4061.
[16]张子龙,李加纳.低硼对甘蓝型黄籽油菜与黑籽油菜花期生理特性的影响[J].土壤学报,2008,45(4):718-724.
[17] Yau S K, Ryan J. Boron Toxicity Tolerance in Crops:A Viable Alternative to Soil Amelioration[J].Crop Science,2008,48(3):854-865.
[18]杨美,石磊,徐芳森,等.不同硼水平对双低油菜华双4号产量和品质的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2008,14(6):1118-1122.
[19]杨玉爱,徐和昆.硼、氮、钾营养水平对油菜吸收硼、籽粒品质及产量的影响[J].中国农业科学,1989,22(1):44-51.
[20]陈钢,年夫照,王运华,等.硼、钼营养对甘蓝型油菜脂肪酸组分的影响[J].中国油料作物学报,2004,26(2):69-71.