中国马铃薯土壤速效钾丰缺指标与适宜施钾量研究
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摘要
文章对我国开展的马铃薯土壤速效钾丰缺指标与适宜施钾量研究进行了系统总结。结果表明,马铃薯土壤速效钾丰缺指标不同区域之间差异颇大,以缺钾处理相对产量90%指标为例,土壤速效钾含量变动于80~268 mg/kg;除内蒙古、福建和重庆外,我国马铃薯土壤速效钾丰缺指标研究存在很多空白区域;马铃薯土壤缺钾较为普遍,第2~5级为土壤速效钾集中分布的丰缺级别,缺钾处理相对产量大多处在60%~100%;土壤养分丰缺指标研究的试验点数不宜过少,丰缺指标高端和低端采用外推数据需谨慎,并应予以注明;可以采用"养分平衡—地力差减法"确定不同速效钾丰缺级别土壤的马铃薯适宜施钾量;适宜施钾量与土壤速效钾丰缺级别线性负相关,与目标产量线性正相关,与肥料利用率负相关;在钾肥当季利用率50%、目标产量15~60 t/hm~2时,土壤速效钾丰缺级别第1~7级的马铃薯适宜施钾量范围依次为0,21~84,42~168,63~252,84~336,105~420,126~504 kg/hm~2。
In this paper, researches on abundance-deficiency index(ADI) of soil available K for potato(SAKFP) and appropriate potassium fertilizer application rate(APFAR) conducted in China were systematically summarized. The results showed that there were considerable differences in their ADI of SAKFP in different regions, and the ADI of soil available K for potato for 90% relative yield(RY) of the complete nutrients treatment except potassium(TCNTEP) changed from 80 to 268 mg/kg. Except Inner Mongolia, Fujian and Chongqing, researches on ADI of SAKFP in China had many blank regions. Soil available K deficiency for potato in China were common, and the abundance-deficiency levels of SAKFP focused on level 2~5, and most RYs of TCNTEP were between 60%~100%. For research on ADI of soil nutrient, the number of trial sites should not be too little,and using extrapolating data for the high-end and low-end of ADI should be careful and indicated. The APFAR for different abundance-deficiency levels of SAKFP could be determined with methods of nutrient balance and dissimilar subtraction of soil fertility. APFAR and the abundance-deficiency level of SAKFP are linear negative correlation. APFAR and the yield goal are linear positive correlation. APFAR and the potassium fertilizer use efficiency in current season(PFUEICS) are linear negative correlation. When the PFUEICS is 50% and the target yield is 15~60 t/hm~2, the APFAR for the SAKFP abundance-deficiency level 1~7 from high to low are 0,21~84,42~168,63~252,84~336,105~420 and126~504 kg/hm~2,respectively.
In this paper, researches on abundance-deficiency index(ADI) of soil available K for potato(SAKFP) and appropriate potassium fertilizer application rate(APFAR) conducted in China were systematically summarized. The results showed that there were considerable differences in their ADI of SAKFP in different regions, and the ADI of soil available K for potato for 90% relative yield(RY) of the complete nutrients treatment except potassium(TCNTEP) changed from 80 to 268 mg/kg. Except Inner Mongolia, Fujian and Chongqing, researches on ADI of SAKFP in China had many blank regions. Soil available K deficiency for potato in China were common, and the abundance-deficiency levels of SAKFP focused on level 2~5, and most RYs of TCNTEP were between 60%~100%. For research on ADI of soil nutrient, the number of trial sites should not be too little,and using extrapolating data for the high-end and low-end of ADI should be careful and indicated. The APFAR for different abundance-deficiency levels of SAKFP could be determined with methods of nutrient balance and dissimilar subtraction of soil fertility. APFAR and the abundance-deficiency level of SAKFP are linear negative correlation. APFAR and the yield goal are linear positive correlation. APFAR and the potassium fertilizer use efficiency in current season(PFUEICS) are linear negative correlation. When the PFUEICS is 50% and the target yield is 15~60 t/hm~2, the APFAR for the SAKFP abundance-deficiency level 1~7 from high to low are 0,21~84,42~168,63~252,84~336,105~420 and126~504 kg/hm~2,respectively.
引文
[1]周鸣铮.中国的测土施肥[J].土壤通报,1987,18(1):7-13.
[2]黄德明.我国农田土壤养分肥力状况及丰缺指标[J].华北农学报,1988,3(2):46-53.
[3]高炳德.马铃薯施用磷肥技术研究[J].马铃薯杂志,1987,1(3):17-23.
[4]高炳德.马铃薯氮肥施用技术的研究[J].马铃薯杂志,1988,2(2):85-92.
[5]郑海春,郜翻身,张子义,等.阴山南麓旱作马铃薯的施肥指标[J].中国马铃薯,2010,24(3):169-172.
[6]张子义,郑海春,郜翻身,等.内蒙古阴山北麓旱作马铃薯土壤氮、磷、钾丰缺指标研究[J].华北农学报,2011,26(3):177-180.
[7]任瑞丽,赵宏儒,张建玲,等.包头市固阳县水地马铃薯测土配方施肥田间肥效试验[J].内蒙古农业科技,2010(4):63-66.
[8]张建玲,赵宏儒,马丽萍,等.固阳县旱地马铃薯测土配方施肥田间肥效试验[J].内蒙古农业科技,2011(1):75-77.
[9]王丽,贾明英.旱地覆膜马铃薯“3414”施肥试验[J].现代农业科技,2009(7):147-149.
[10]鲁天文,刘祁峰,张卫峰,等.垄膜沟灌马铃薯测土施肥指标体系——以甘肃省张掖市山丹县为例[J].水土保持学报,2015,35(1):291-296.
[11]贾首锋.庄浪县马铃薯黄绵土测土配方施肥指标研究[J].甘肃农业科技,2011(8):30-34.
[12]李拴曹,李存玲.商洛市马铃薯施肥指标体系建立与应用[J].安徽农学通报,2014,20(18):78-82.
[13]田越,李勇.陕南三县马铃薯“3414”肥料效应及土壤养分丰缺指标研究[J].陕西农业科学,2014,60(1):15-17.
[14]李红梅,熊正辉,李伟,等.重庆市马铃薯测土配方施肥指标体系构建[J].南方农业,2013,7(S1):119-122.
[15]章明清,姚宝全,李娟,等.福建冬种马铃薯氮磷钾施肥指标研究[J].福建农业学报,2012,27(9):982-988.
[16]林万树,黄功标,曹榕斌,等.古田马铃薯氮磷钾肥料效应及其施肥指标体系的研究[J].热带作物学报,2015,36(5):865-871.
[17]洪彩誌,戴树荣.南安市马铃薯测土配方施肥指标的研究[J].江西农业学报,2010,22(9):79-83.
[18]孙洪仁,曹影,刘琳,等.测土施肥土壤有效养分丰缺分级改良方案[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2014(10上):1-5.
[19]孙洪仁,曹影,刘琳,等.“养分平衡-地力差减法”确定适宜施肥量的新应用公式[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2014(4上):1-4.
[20]孙洪仁,曹影,刘琳,等.测土施肥不同丰缺级别土壤的适宜施肥量[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2014(12上):7-11.
[21]高祥照,马常宝,杜森.测土配方施肥技术[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2005:132.
[22]张福锁,陈新平,陈清.中国主要作物施肥指南[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2009:6-27.
[23]邢海峰,高炳德,刘美英.钾肥-覆膜对马铃薯钾素营养平衡期及吸收模式的影响[J].中国马铃薯,2011,25(4):229-233.
[24]康文钦,石晓华,敖孟奇,等.马铃薯的钾素需求及营养诊断[J].中国土壤与肥料,2013(2):1-4.
[25]段玉,张君,李焕春,等.马铃薯氮磷钾养分吸收规律及施肥肥效的研究[J].土壤,2014,46(2):212-217.
[26]金耀青,张中原.配方施肥方法及其应用[M].沈阳:辽宁科学技术出版社,1993:43-49.
[27]谭金芳,张自立,邱慧珍,等.作物施肥原理与技术:第2版[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2011:55-61.
[28]张福锁,江荣风,陈新平,等.测土配方施肥技术[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2011:77-91.
[2]黄德明.我国农田土壤养分肥力状况及丰缺指标[J].华北农学报,1988,3(2):46-53.
[3]高炳德.马铃薯施用磷肥技术研究[J].马铃薯杂志,1987,1(3):17-23.
[4]高炳德.马铃薯氮肥施用技术的研究[J].马铃薯杂志,1988,2(2):85-92.
[5]郑海春,郜翻身,张子义,等.阴山南麓旱作马铃薯的施肥指标[J].中国马铃薯,2010,24(3):169-172.
[6]张子义,郑海春,郜翻身,等.内蒙古阴山北麓旱作马铃薯土壤氮、磷、钾丰缺指标研究[J].华北农学报,2011,26(3):177-180.
[7]任瑞丽,赵宏儒,张建玲,等.包头市固阳县水地马铃薯测土配方施肥田间肥效试验[J].内蒙古农业科技,2010(4):63-66.
[8]张建玲,赵宏儒,马丽萍,等.固阳县旱地马铃薯测土配方施肥田间肥效试验[J].内蒙古农业科技,2011(1):75-77.
[9]王丽,贾明英.旱地覆膜马铃薯“3414”施肥试验[J].现代农业科技,2009(7):147-149.
[10]鲁天文,刘祁峰,张卫峰,等.垄膜沟灌马铃薯测土施肥指标体系——以甘肃省张掖市山丹县为例[J].水土保持学报,2015,35(1):291-296.
[11]贾首锋.庄浪县马铃薯黄绵土测土配方施肥指标研究[J].甘肃农业科技,2011(8):30-34.
[12]李拴曹,李存玲.商洛市马铃薯施肥指标体系建立与应用[J].安徽农学通报,2014,20(18):78-82.
[13]田越,李勇.陕南三县马铃薯“3414”肥料效应及土壤养分丰缺指标研究[J].陕西农业科学,2014,60(1):15-17.
[14]李红梅,熊正辉,李伟,等.重庆市马铃薯测土配方施肥指标体系构建[J].南方农业,2013,7(S1):119-122.
[15]章明清,姚宝全,李娟,等.福建冬种马铃薯氮磷钾施肥指标研究[J].福建农业学报,2012,27(9):982-988.
[16]林万树,黄功标,曹榕斌,等.古田马铃薯氮磷钾肥料效应及其施肥指标体系的研究[J].热带作物学报,2015,36(5):865-871.
[17]洪彩誌,戴树荣.南安市马铃薯测土配方施肥指标的研究[J].江西农业学报,2010,22(9):79-83.
[18]孙洪仁,曹影,刘琳,等.测土施肥土壤有效养分丰缺分级改良方案[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2014(10上):1-5.
[19]孙洪仁,曹影,刘琳,等.“养分平衡-地力差减法”确定适宜施肥量的新应用公式[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2014(4上):1-4.
[20]孙洪仁,曹影,刘琳,等.测土施肥不同丰缺级别土壤的适宜施肥量[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2014(12上):7-11.
[21]高祥照,马常宝,杜森.测土配方施肥技术[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2005:132.
[22]张福锁,陈新平,陈清.中国主要作物施肥指南[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2009:6-27.
[23]邢海峰,高炳德,刘美英.钾肥-覆膜对马铃薯钾素营养平衡期及吸收模式的影响[J].中国马铃薯,2011,25(4):229-233.
[24]康文钦,石晓华,敖孟奇,等.马铃薯的钾素需求及营养诊断[J].中国土壤与肥料,2013(2):1-4.
[25]段玉,张君,李焕春,等.马铃薯氮磷钾养分吸收规律及施肥肥效的研究[J].土壤,2014,46(2):212-217.
[26]金耀青,张中原.配方施肥方法及其应用[M].沈阳:辽宁科学技术出版社,1993:43-49.
[27]谭金芳,张自立,邱慧珍,等.作物施肥原理与技术:第2版[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2011:55-61.
[28]张福锁,江荣风,陈新平,等.测土配方施肥技术[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2011:77-91.