中国若干区域马铃薯土壤有效磷丰缺指标与适宜施磷量
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摘要
对自20世纪80年代以来我国开展的马铃薯土壤有效磷丰缺指标与适宜施磷量研究进行了系统总结。结果表明,30年来我国马铃薯土壤有效磷丰缺指标出现了上升趋势,适宜施磷量出现了下降趋势;不同区域马铃薯土壤有效磷丰缺指标差异很大,缺磷处理相对产量90%的土壤有效磷(Olsen-P)含量指标变动于13~55 mg/kg之间;除内蒙古、福建和重庆外,我国马铃薯土壤有效磷丰缺指标研究存在很多空白区域;我国马铃薯土壤普遍缺磷,有效磷丰缺级别集中于第2~4级,缺磷处理相对产量大多介于70%~100%之间;土壤养分丰缺指标研究的试验点数不宜过少,丰缺指标高端和低端采用外推数据需谨慎,并应予以注明;可以采用"养分平衡—地力差减法"确定不同有效磷丰缺级别土壤的马铃薯适宜施磷量;适宜施磷量与土壤有效磷丰缺级别呈线性负相关,与目标产量呈线性正相关,与肥料当季利用率呈线性负相关;当磷肥当季利用率为20%、马铃薯目标产量15~60t/hm~2时,土壤有效磷丰缺级别第1~7级的马铃薯适宜施磷(P2O5)量范围依次为0~0、12~48、24~96、36~144、48~192、60~240和72~288 kg/hm~2。
In this paper,researches on abundance-deficiency index( ADI) of soil available P for potato( SAPFP) and appropriate phosphorus fertilizer application rate( APFAR) conducted in China since the 1980 s were systematically summarized. The results showed that the ADI of SAPFP in China had appeared rising trend in 30 years,and APFAR had a down trend at the same time. There were considerable differences in their ADI of SAPFP in different regions,and the ADI of soil available P( Olsen-P) for potato for 90% relative yield( RY) of the complete nutrients treatment except phosphorus( TCNTEP) changed from 13 to 55 mg/kg. Except Inner Mongolia,Fujian and Chongqing,researches on ADI of SAPFP in China had many blank regions. Soil available P deficiency for potato in China were common,and the abundance-deficiency levels of SAPFP focused on level 2 ~ 4,and most RYs of TCNTEP were between 70% ~ 100%. For research on ADI of soil nutrient,the number of trial sites should not be too little,and using extrapolating data for the high-end and low-end of ADI should be careful and indicated. The APFAR for different abundance-deficiency levels of SAPFP could be determined with methods of nutrient balance and dissimilar subtraction of soil fertility. APFAR and the abundance-deficiency level of SAPFP were linear negative correlation. APFAR and the yield goal were linear positive correlation. APFAR and the phosphorus fertilizer use efficiency in current season( PFUEICS) were linear negative correlation. When the PFUEICS of 20% and the target yield of 15 ~ 60 t/hm~2,the APFAR for the SAPFP abundance-deficiency level 1 ~ 7 from high to low were 0 ~ 0,12 ~ 48,24 ~ 96,36 ~ 144,48 ~ 192,60 ~ 240 and 72 ~ 288 kg/hm~2,respectively.
In this paper,researches on abundance-deficiency index( ADI) of soil available P for potato( SAPFP) and appropriate phosphorus fertilizer application rate( APFAR) conducted in China since the 1980 s were systematically summarized. The results showed that the ADI of SAPFP in China had appeared rising trend in 30 years,and APFAR had a down trend at the same time. There were considerable differences in their ADI of SAPFP in different regions,and the ADI of soil available P( Olsen-P) for potato for 90% relative yield( RY) of the complete nutrients treatment except phosphorus( TCNTEP) changed from 13 to 55 mg/kg. Except Inner Mongolia,Fujian and Chongqing,researches on ADI of SAPFP in China had many blank regions. Soil available P deficiency for potato in China were common,and the abundance-deficiency levels of SAPFP focused on level 2 ~ 4,and most RYs of TCNTEP were between 70% ~ 100%. For research on ADI of soil nutrient,the number of trial sites should not be too little,and using extrapolating data for the high-end and low-end of ADI should be careful and indicated. The APFAR for different abundance-deficiency levels of SAPFP could be determined with methods of nutrient balance and dissimilar subtraction of soil fertility. APFAR and the abundance-deficiency level of SAPFP were linear negative correlation. APFAR and the yield goal were linear positive correlation. APFAR and the phosphorus fertilizer use efficiency in current season( PFUEICS) were linear negative correlation. When the PFUEICS of 20% and the target yield of 15 ~ 60 t/hm~2,the APFAR for the SAPFP abundance-deficiency level 1 ~ 7 from high to low were 0 ~ 0,12 ~ 48,24 ~ 96,36 ~ 144,48 ~ 192,60 ~ 240 and 72 ~ 288 kg/hm~2,respectively.
引文
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[13]林万树,黄功标,曹榕斌,等.古田马铃薯氮磷钾肥料效应及其施肥指标体系的研究[J].热带作物学报,2015,36(5):865-871.
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[16]孙洪仁,曹影,刘琳,等.“养分平衡—地力差减法”确定适宜施肥量的新应用公式[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2014,(4上):1-4.
[17]孙洪仁,曹影,刘琳,等.测土施肥不同丰缺级别土壤的的适宜施肥量[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2014,(12上):7-11.
[18]高祥照,马常宝,杜森.测土配方施肥技术[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2005.132.
[19]张福锁,陈新平,陈清.中国主要作物施肥指南[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2009.6-27.
[20]高聚林,刘克礼,盛晋华,等.旱作马铃薯磷素的吸收、积累和分配规律[J].中国马铃薯,2003,17(6):326-330.
[21]段玉,妥德宝,赵沛义,等.马铃薯施肥肥效及养分利用率的研究[J].中国马铃薯,2008,22(4):197-200.
[22]金耀青,张中原.配方施肥方法及其应用[M].沈阳:辽宁科学技术出版社,1993.43-49.
[23]谭金芳,张自立,邱慧珍,等.作物施肥原理与技术(第2版)[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2011.55-61.
[24]张福锁,江荣风,陈新平,等.测土配方施肥技术[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2011.77-91.
[2]郑海春,郜翻身,张子义,等.阴山南麓旱作马铃薯的施肥指标[J].中国马铃薯,2010,24(3):169-172.
[3]张子义,郑海春,郜翻身,等.内蒙古阴山北麓旱作马铃薯土壤氮、磷、钾丰缺指标研究[J].华北农学报,2011,26(3):177-180.
[4]任瑞丽,赵宏儒,张建玲,等.包头市固阳县水地马铃薯测土配方施肥田间肥效试验[J].内蒙古农业科技,2010(4):63-66.
[5]张建玲,赵宏儒,马丽萍,等.固阳县旱地马铃薯测土配方施肥田间肥效试验[J].内蒙古农业科技,2011,(1):75-77,118.
[6]王丽,贾明英.旱地覆膜马铃薯“3414”施肥试验[J].现代农业科技,2009,(7):147-149.
[7]鲁天文,刘祁峰,张卫峰,等.垄膜沟灌马铃薯测土施肥指标体系—以甘肃省张掖市山丹县为例[J].水土保持学报,2015,35(1):291-296.
[8]贾首锋.庄浪县马铃薯黄绵土测土配方施肥指标研究[J].甘肃农业科技,2011,(8):30-34.
[9]李拴曹,李存玲.商洛市马铃薯施肥指标体系建立与应用[J].安徽农学通报,2014,20(18):78-82.
[10]田越,李勇.陕南三县马铃薯“3414”肥料效应及土壤养分丰缺指标研究[J].陕西农业科学,2014,60(1):15-17.
[11]李红梅,熊正辉,李伟,等.重庆市马铃薯测土配方施肥指标体系构建[J].南方农业,2013,7(z6):119-122,131.
[12]章明清,姚宝全,李娟,等.福建冬种马铃薯氮磷钾施肥指标研究[J].福建农业学报,2012,27(9):982-988.
[13]林万树,黄功标,曹榕斌,等.古田马铃薯氮磷钾肥料效应及其施肥指标体系的研究[J].热带作物学报,2015,36(5):865-871.
[14]洪彩誌,戴树荣.南安市马铃薯测土配方施肥指标的研究[J].江西农业学报,2010,22(9):79-83.
[15]孙洪仁,曹影,刘琳,等.测土施肥土壤有效养分丰缺分级改良方案[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2014,(10上):1-5.
[16]孙洪仁,曹影,刘琳,等.“养分平衡—地力差减法”确定适宜施肥量的新应用公式[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2014,(4上):1-4.
[17]孙洪仁,曹影,刘琳,等.测土施肥不同丰缺级别土壤的的适宜施肥量[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2014,(12上):7-11.
[18]高祥照,马常宝,杜森.测土配方施肥技术[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2005.132.
[19]张福锁,陈新平,陈清.中国主要作物施肥指南[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2009.6-27.
[20]高聚林,刘克礼,盛晋华,等.旱作马铃薯磷素的吸收、积累和分配规律[J].中国马铃薯,2003,17(6):326-330.
[21]段玉,妥德宝,赵沛义,等.马铃薯施肥肥效及养分利用率的研究[J].中国马铃薯,2008,22(4):197-200.
[22]金耀青,张中原.配方施肥方法及其应用[M].沈阳:辽宁科学技术出版社,1993.43-49.
[23]谭金芳,张自立,邱慧珍,等.作物施肥原理与技术(第2版)[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2011.55-61.
[24]张福锁,江荣风,陈新平,等.测土配方施肥技术[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2011.77-91.