黑木耳菌糠有机肥的制备及肥效研究
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摘要
以黑木耳生产过程中产生的废弃菌糠为原料,添加自制的发酵菌剂,在对发酵过程进行合理优化的基础上,生产菌糠有机肥并对其肥效进行研究。结果表明,菌糠在发酵过程中,达到55℃以上发酵温度的天数为14 d、C/N为24、T值为0.37、GI值为87.2%,达到完全腐熟的标准。制备的菌糠有机肥可以显著提高小白菜的根长、根系活力,与等量的化学无机肥处理相比,产量提高了24.37%。同时还可以维持土壤处于较高的肥力水平,与种植前土壤相比,显著提高了碱解氮、速效磷和有机质的含量。因此,采用此方法生产黑木耳菌糠有机肥可以实现资源的有效再利用,值得今后在当地进一步推广。
The waste fungus chaff emerged in the process of black fungus production was used as material for manu?facturing organic manure. Self-made fermentation agent was added and the fermentation process was optimized.And its fertilizer efficiency was studied. The results showed that the time of fermentation temperature being morethan 55℃ was 14 days. C/N, T, GI was 24, 0.37, 87.2%, respectively, which reached the standard of complete com?post. The new manufacturing organic fertilizer from black fungus chaff improved the root length and activity of Chi?nese cabbage. Its output was increased by 24.37% compared with the same amount of chemical inorganic fertilizertreatment. Meanwhile the soil was maintained at a high fertility level. Compared with the soil before planting, thecontent of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus and organic matter had been greatly improved. Usingblack fungus chaff to manufacture organic manure in this method can realize the effective reuse of resources, whichis worth further widespread in the future.
The waste fungus chaff emerged in the process of black fungus production was used as material for manu?facturing organic manure. Self-made fermentation agent was added and the fermentation process was optimized.And its fertilizer efficiency was studied. The results showed that the time of fermentation temperature being morethan 55℃ was 14 days. C/N, T, GI was 24, 0.37, 87.2%, respectively, which reached the standard of complete com?post. The new manufacturing organic fertilizer from black fungus chaff improved the root length and activity of Chi?nese cabbage. Its output was increased by 24.37% compared with the same amount of chemical inorganic fertilizertreatment. Meanwhile the soil was maintained at a high fertility level. Compared with the soil before planting, thecontent of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus and organic matter had been greatly improved. Usingblack fungus chaff to manufacture organic manure in this method can realize the effective reuse of resources, whichis worth further widespread in the future.
引文
[1]魏峰,侯祥保,李凤玉.食用菌菌糠的综合利用研究[J].中国园艺文摘,2010,26(4):162-163.
[2]侯立娟,代祖艳,韩丹丹,等.菌糠的营养价值及在栽培上的应用[J].北方园艺,2008(7):91-93.
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[4]张亭,韩建东,李瑾,等.食用菌菌渣综合利用与研究现状[J].山东农业科学,2016,48(7):146-150.
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[6]王银龙.吉林省黑木耳产业发展转型升级研究[J].北方园艺,2017(5):170-173.
[7]楼子墨,王卓行,周晓馨,等.废弃菌糠资源化过程中的成分变化规律及其环境影响[J].环境科学,2016,37(1):397-402.
[8]王建忠,王颖.利用菌糠生产有机肥的可行性分析[J].安徽农业科学,2010,38(5):2568-2570.
[9]林群英,张锋伦,吴亮亮,等.金针菇意杨菌糠有机肥发酵的初步研究[J].中国野生植物资源,2014,33(5):11-13,25.
[10]曹雪莹,陈智毅,唐秋实,等.金针菇菌糠啤酒糟有机肥对土壤及马铃薯品质的影响[J].食品安全质量检测学报,2017,8(6):2140-2145.
[11]侯立娟,姚方杰,宋金俤.菌糠有机肥对辣椒品质的影响[J].浙江农业学报,2013,25(6):1293-1297.
[12]程志强,刘景华,康立娟,等.废弃黑木耳菌糠特征及环境影响分析[J].环境污染与防治,2012,34(7):45-48,54.
[13]董洪涛,陈兴,焦玉生,等.木耳菌糠有机肥对烤烟干物质的影响[J].黑龙江农业科学,2014(4):51-54.
[14]施伟夫,赖汉龙,陈幼琪.粤东地区小白菜“3414”施肥试验分析[J].蔬菜,2011(4):46-47.
[15]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000:433-440.
[16]张春华,王建华.种子检验学(第三版)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2005:60-62.
[17]张志良,瞿伟菁.植物生理学实验指导(第三版)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2003:103-105.
[18] Khan N, Clark I, sánchez-monedero M A, et al. Maturity indi?ces in co-composting of chicken manure and sawdust with bio?char[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2014, 168:245-251.
[19]常勤学,魏源送,刘俊新.通风控制方式对动物粪便堆肥过程中氮、磷变化的影响[J].环境科学学报,2007(5):732-738.
[20]郑丹,阎静,陶光灿,等.添加无机肥料对高温堆肥化及磷素有效性的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2006(6):1631-1635.
[2]侯立娟,代祖艳,韩丹丹,等.菌糠的营养价值及在栽培上的应用[J].北方园艺,2008(7):91-93.
[3] Curtis J, Suess A. Report:Value-added strategies for spentmushroom substrate in BC[R]. British Columbia:British Colum?bia Ministry of Agricultural and Lands, 2006:12-13.
[4]张亭,韩建东,李瑾,等.食用菌菌渣综合利用与研究现状[J].山东农业科学,2016,48(7):146-150.
[5]余炎炎,李欢,王瑞丽.食用菌菌糠综合利用的研究现状[J].农业与技术,2016,36(10):12.
[6]王银龙.吉林省黑木耳产业发展转型升级研究[J].北方园艺,2017(5):170-173.
[7]楼子墨,王卓行,周晓馨,等.废弃菌糠资源化过程中的成分变化规律及其环境影响[J].环境科学,2016,37(1):397-402.
[8]王建忠,王颖.利用菌糠生产有机肥的可行性分析[J].安徽农业科学,2010,38(5):2568-2570.
[9]林群英,张锋伦,吴亮亮,等.金针菇意杨菌糠有机肥发酵的初步研究[J].中国野生植物资源,2014,33(5):11-13,25.
[10]曹雪莹,陈智毅,唐秋实,等.金针菇菌糠啤酒糟有机肥对土壤及马铃薯品质的影响[J].食品安全质量检测学报,2017,8(6):2140-2145.
[11]侯立娟,姚方杰,宋金俤.菌糠有机肥对辣椒品质的影响[J].浙江农业学报,2013,25(6):1293-1297.
[12]程志强,刘景华,康立娟,等.废弃黑木耳菌糠特征及环境影响分析[J].环境污染与防治,2012,34(7):45-48,54.
[13]董洪涛,陈兴,焦玉生,等.木耳菌糠有机肥对烤烟干物质的影响[J].黑龙江农业科学,2014(4):51-54.
[14]施伟夫,赖汉龙,陈幼琪.粤东地区小白菜“3414”施肥试验分析[J].蔬菜,2011(4):46-47.
[15]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000:433-440.
[16]张春华,王建华.种子检验学(第三版)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2005:60-62.
[17]张志良,瞿伟菁.植物生理学实验指导(第三版)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2003:103-105.
[18] Khan N, Clark I, sánchez-monedero M A, et al. Maturity indi?ces in co-composting of chicken manure and sawdust with bio?char[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2014, 168:245-251.
[19]常勤学,魏源送,刘俊新.通风控制方式对动物粪便堆肥过程中氮、磷变化的影响[J].环境科学学报,2007(5):732-738.
[20]郑丹,阎静,陶光灿,等.添加无机肥料对高温堆肥化及磷素有效性的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2006(6):1631-1635.