3D打印企业创新生态系统及特征分析——基于3D Systems和Stratasys的案例研究
|
摘要
3D打印技术是一种革命性的新兴技术,是传统制造技术与数字制造技术的结合,具有独特的创新生态。以全球最大的两家3D打印企业为对象,从价值网络、构成要素、生态位识别和运行机制四个指标对3D打印企业创新生态系统进行案例研究。研究发现:3D打印企业和3D打印原材料商共同构成3D打印企业创新生态系统核心,主导系统内各要素间的协同创新;用户在3D打印企业创新生态系统中享有较高生态位;3D打印企业创新生态系统具有开放的边界。这提醒3D打印企业,应重视开放式创新平台的建设,加强与3D打印原材料商、用户的协同创新。
Nowadays, the 3D printing technology is a revolutionary emerging technology. It combines the traditional manufacturing technology with the digital manufacturing technology, making a distinctive innovation pattern. In this paper, setting two largest global 3D printing enterprises as research objects, this paper makes an exploratory case study about 3D printing enterprise innovation ecosystem based on value network, constituent elements, ecological niche identification and operation mechanism. Through the case study, it finds that the core of3 D printing enterprise innovation ecosystem is made up of 3D printing enterprises and 3D printing material enterprises, which dominate the collaborative innovation among each element in the system. Furthermore, users occupy a relatively high ecological niche in the system. In addition, 3D printing enterprise innovation ecosystem owns an open boundary. These conclusions remind 3D printing companies that they should pay attention to construct open innovation platform and enhance collaborative innovation with 3D material enterprises and users.
Nowadays, the 3D printing technology is a revolutionary emerging technology. It combines the traditional manufacturing technology with the digital manufacturing technology, making a distinctive innovation pattern. In this paper, setting two largest global 3D printing enterprises as research objects, this paper makes an exploratory case study about 3D printing enterprise innovation ecosystem based on value network, constituent elements, ecological niche identification and operation mechanism. Through the case study, it finds that the core of3 D printing enterprise innovation ecosystem is made up of 3D printing enterprises and 3D printing material enterprises, which dominate the collaborative innovation among each element in the system. Furthermore, users occupy a relatively high ecological niche in the system. In addition, 3D printing enterprise innovation ecosystem owns an open boundary. These conclusions remind 3D printing companies that they should pay attention to construct open innovation platform and enhance collaborative innovation with 3D material enterprises and users.
引文
[1]BERMAN B.3D printing:The new industrial revolution[J].Business Horizons,2012,55(2):155-162.
[2]ASSOCIATION M A,PUBLISHING E.MIT’s technology review[EB/OL].[2017-05-01].http://catalog.lib.kyushu-v.ac.jp/ea/node/18738652.
[3]郭继周,邓启文.我国3D打印技术发展现状及环境分析[J].国防科技,2015,36(3):35-39.
[4]WELLER C,KLEER R,PILLER F T.Economic implications of 3D printing:Market structure models in light of additive manufacturing revisited[J].International Journal of production Economics,2015,164(1):43-56.
[5]李恒毅.技术创新生态系统协同发展研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2014.
[6]张运生.高科技产业创新生态系统耦合战略研究[J].中国软科学,2009(1):134-143.
[7]李小丽,马剑雄,李萍,等.3D打印技术及应用趋势[J].自动化仪表,2014,35(1):1-5.
[8]LAWTON J.General Information and Advice[J].Funct.anal.approx.comput,2015(1):85-93.
[9]RAYNA T,STRIUKOVA L,DARLINGTON J.Open Innovation,Co-Creation and Mass Customisation:What Role for 3D Printing Platforms?[C].Proceedings of the 7th World Conference on Mass Customization,Personalization,and CoCreation,2014:425-435.
[10]ACHILLAS C,AIDONIS D,IAKOVOU E,et al.Amethodological framework for the inclusion of modern additive manufacturing into the production portfolio of a focused factory[J].Journal of Manufacturing Systems,2014,37:328-339.
[11]NYMAN H J,SARLIN P.From Bits to Atoms:3DPrinting in the Context of Supply Chain Strategies[C].Waikoloa:Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences,2014:4190-4199.
[12]HOSKINS S.3D Printing for Artists,Designers and Makers[M].London:Bloomsbury Publishing,2013.
[13]RAYNA T,STRIUKOVA L,DARLINGTON J.Cocreation and user innovation:The role of online 3D printing platforms[J].Journal of Engineering and Technology Management,2015,37:90-102.
[14]李恒毅,宋娟.新技术创新生态系统资源整合及其演化关系的案例研究[J].中国软科学,2014(6):129-141.
[15]ADNER R.Match your innovation strategy to your innovation ecosystem[J].Harvard Business Review,2006,84(4):98-107.
[16]ADNER R,KAPOOR R.Value creation in innovation ecosystems:how the structure of technological interdependence affects firm performance in new technology generations[J].Strategic Management Journal,2010,31(3):306-333.
[17]RABELO R J,BERNUS P.A Holistic Model of Building Innovation Ecosystems[J].IFAC-PapersOnLine,2015,28(3):2250-2257.
[18]吴金希.创新生态体系的内涵、特征及其政策含义[J].科学学研究,2014,32(1):44-51.
[19]王娜,王毅.产业创新生态系统组成要素及内部一致模型研究[J].中国科技论坛,2013,1(5):24-29.
[20]IANSITI M,LEVIEN R.The Keystone Advantage:What the New Dynamics of Business Ecosystems Mean for Strategy,Innovation,and Sustainability[J].Future Survey,2004,20(2):88-90.
[21]赵放,曾国屏.多重视角下的创新生态系统[J].科学学研究,2014,32(12):1781-1788.
[22]栾永玉.高科技企业跨国创新生态系统:结构、形成、特征[J].财经理论与实践,2007,28(5):113-116.
[23]欧阳桃花,胡京波,李洋,等.DFH小卫星复杂产品创新生态系统的动态演化研究:战略逻辑和组织合作适配性视角[J].管理学报,2015,12(4):546-557.
[24]陈衍泰,孟媛媛,张露嘉,等.产业创新生态系统的价值创造和获取机制分析-基于中国电动汽车的跨案例分析[J].科研管理,2015(s1):68-75.
[25]张利飞,吕晓思,张运生.创新生态系统技术依存结构对企业集成创新竞争优势的影响研究[J].管理学报,2014,11(2):229-237.
[26]张运生,郑航.高科技企业创新生态系统风险评价研究[J].科技管理研究,2009,29(7):7-10.
[27]吕一博,蓝清,韩少杰.开放式创新生态系统的成长基因-基于iOS、Android和Symbian的多案例研究[J].中国工业经济,2015(5):148-160.
[28]EISENHARDT K M.Building Theories from Case Study Research[J].Academy of Management Review,1989,14(4):532-550.
[29]YIN R K.Case Study Research:Design and Methods[M].2nd ed.Thousand oaks:Sage Publications,1994
[30]李垣,刘益.基于价值创造的价值网络管理:特点与形成[J].管理工程学报,2001,15(4):38-41.
[31]钱堃,鲍晓娜,王鹏.核心企业主导的创新生态系统新能力开发:一个嵌入式单案例研究的发现[J].科技进步与对策,2016,33(9):53-61.
[32]赵广凤,马志强,朱永跃.高校创新生态系统构建及运行机制[J].中国科技论坛,2017(1):40-46.
[33]纪秋颖,林健.高校生态位及其评价方法研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2006,27(8):93-96.
[34]张运生.高科技企业创新生态系统风险产生机理探究[J].科学学研究,2009,27(6):925-931.
[35]辛晴,杨蕙馨.知识网络如何影响企业创新-动态能力视角的实证研究[J].研究与发展管理,2012,24(6):12-22.
[36]张运生.高科技企业创新生态系统边界与结构解析[J].软科学,2008,22(11):95-97.
[2]ASSOCIATION M A,PUBLISHING E.MIT’s technology review[EB/OL].[2017-05-01].http://catalog.lib.kyushu-v.ac.jp/ea/node/18738652.
[3]郭继周,邓启文.我国3D打印技术发展现状及环境分析[J].国防科技,2015,36(3):35-39.
[4]WELLER C,KLEER R,PILLER F T.Economic implications of 3D printing:Market structure models in light of additive manufacturing revisited[J].International Journal of production Economics,2015,164(1):43-56.
[5]李恒毅.技术创新生态系统协同发展研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2014.
[6]张运生.高科技产业创新生态系统耦合战略研究[J].中国软科学,2009(1):134-143.
[7]李小丽,马剑雄,李萍,等.3D打印技术及应用趋势[J].自动化仪表,2014,35(1):1-5.
[8]LAWTON J.General Information and Advice[J].Funct.anal.approx.comput,2015(1):85-93.
[9]RAYNA T,STRIUKOVA L,DARLINGTON J.Open Innovation,Co-Creation and Mass Customisation:What Role for 3D Printing Platforms?[C].Proceedings of the 7th World Conference on Mass Customization,Personalization,and CoCreation,2014:425-435.
[10]ACHILLAS C,AIDONIS D,IAKOVOU E,et al.Amethodological framework for the inclusion of modern additive manufacturing into the production portfolio of a focused factory[J].Journal of Manufacturing Systems,2014,37:328-339.
[11]NYMAN H J,SARLIN P.From Bits to Atoms:3DPrinting in the Context of Supply Chain Strategies[C].Waikoloa:Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences,2014:4190-4199.
[12]HOSKINS S.3D Printing for Artists,Designers and Makers[M].London:Bloomsbury Publishing,2013.
[13]RAYNA T,STRIUKOVA L,DARLINGTON J.Cocreation and user innovation:The role of online 3D printing platforms[J].Journal of Engineering and Technology Management,2015,37:90-102.
[14]李恒毅,宋娟.新技术创新生态系统资源整合及其演化关系的案例研究[J].中国软科学,2014(6):129-141.
[15]ADNER R.Match your innovation strategy to your innovation ecosystem[J].Harvard Business Review,2006,84(4):98-107.
[16]ADNER R,KAPOOR R.Value creation in innovation ecosystems:how the structure of technological interdependence affects firm performance in new technology generations[J].Strategic Management Journal,2010,31(3):306-333.
[17]RABELO R J,BERNUS P.A Holistic Model of Building Innovation Ecosystems[J].IFAC-PapersOnLine,2015,28(3):2250-2257.
[18]吴金希.创新生态体系的内涵、特征及其政策含义[J].科学学研究,2014,32(1):44-51.
[19]王娜,王毅.产业创新生态系统组成要素及内部一致模型研究[J].中国科技论坛,2013,1(5):24-29.
[20]IANSITI M,LEVIEN R.The Keystone Advantage:What the New Dynamics of Business Ecosystems Mean for Strategy,Innovation,and Sustainability[J].Future Survey,2004,20(2):88-90.
[21]赵放,曾国屏.多重视角下的创新生态系统[J].科学学研究,2014,32(12):1781-1788.
[22]栾永玉.高科技企业跨国创新生态系统:结构、形成、特征[J].财经理论与实践,2007,28(5):113-116.
[23]欧阳桃花,胡京波,李洋,等.DFH小卫星复杂产品创新生态系统的动态演化研究:战略逻辑和组织合作适配性视角[J].管理学报,2015,12(4):546-557.
[24]陈衍泰,孟媛媛,张露嘉,等.产业创新生态系统的价值创造和获取机制分析-基于中国电动汽车的跨案例分析[J].科研管理,2015(s1):68-75.
[25]张利飞,吕晓思,张运生.创新生态系统技术依存结构对企业集成创新竞争优势的影响研究[J].管理学报,2014,11(2):229-237.
[26]张运生,郑航.高科技企业创新生态系统风险评价研究[J].科技管理研究,2009,29(7):7-10.
[27]吕一博,蓝清,韩少杰.开放式创新生态系统的成长基因-基于iOS、Android和Symbian的多案例研究[J].中国工业经济,2015(5):148-160.
[28]EISENHARDT K M.Building Theories from Case Study Research[J].Academy of Management Review,1989,14(4):532-550.
[29]YIN R K.Case Study Research:Design and Methods[M].2nd ed.Thousand oaks:Sage Publications,1994
[30]李垣,刘益.基于价值创造的价值网络管理:特点与形成[J].管理工程学报,2001,15(4):38-41.
[31]钱堃,鲍晓娜,王鹏.核心企业主导的创新生态系统新能力开发:一个嵌入式单案例研究的发现[J].科技进步与对策,2016,33(9):53-61.
[32]赵广凤,马志强,朱永跃.高校创新生态系统构建及运行机制[J].中国科技论坛,2017(1):40-46.
[33]纪秋颖,林健.高校生态位及其评价方法研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2006,27(8):93-96.
[34]张运生.高科技企业创新生态系统风险产生机理探究[J].科学学研究,2009,27(6):925-931.
[35]辛晴,杨蕙馨.知识网络如何影响企业创新-动态能力视角的实证研究[J].研究与发展管理,2012,24(6):12-22.
[36]张运生.高科技企业创新生态系统边界与结构解析[J].软科学,2008,22(11):95-97.