重工业城市岩溶地下水中多环芳烃污染特征及来源
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摘要
为了确定岩溶区重工业城市地下水中多环芳烃的时空变化特征以及来源,采集柳州市丰枯水期23个地下水样品,利用16种多环芳烃的成分谱,结合其物理化学性质以及柳州市具体情况,分析多环芳烃在柳州市地下水系统中的变化及来源.结果表明:(1)柳州市丰水期地下水中ΣPAHs平均浓度柳北区>柳东区>柳西区>鸡喇地下河,且PAHs浓度所占比重均随分子量的增大而减小;枯水期鸡喇地下河>柳北区>柳西区>柳东区,且4环PAHs浓度所占比重均为最高,5~6环次之.(2)柳州市枯水期地下水PAHs呈现较高污染水平,丰水期污染水平较低;(3)化石燃料等有机物高温燃烧为PAHs主要来源,主要由工业过程、交通运输、取暖做饭等人类活动产生.
To understand the spatiotemporal variation characteristics and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in karst groundwater in a strongly industrial city,the authors collected 23 groundwater samples in the water and dry period in Liuzhou using component spectra of 16 types of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in combination with the physical and chemical properties and analyzed the spatiotemporal variation characteristics and sources of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) in karst groundwater in heavy industrial city.The results show that the average concentration of Σ PAHs in the groundwater in the wet period has an order of Liubei District > Liudong District > Liuxi District > Jila Underground River and the concentration proportion of PAHs decreases with the increase of the molecular weight,while the order in the dry period is Jila Underground River > Liubei District > Liuxi District >Liudong District.The PAHs in the groundwater during the dry season have a high pollution level,while a low pollution level is observed in the wet season.The main sources of PAHs are organic matter burns at high temperature such as fossil fuel,which are produced by human activities such as industrial processes,transportation,heating,and cooking.
To understand the spatiotemporal variation characteristics and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in karst groundwater in a strongly industrial city,the authors collected 23 groundwater samples in the water and dry period in Liuzhou using component spectra of 16 types of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in combination with the physical and chemical properties and analyzed the spatiotemporal variation characteristics and sources of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) in karst groundwater in heavy industrial city.The results show that the average concentration of Σ PAHs in the groundwater in the wet period has an order of Liubei District > Liudong District > Liuxi District > Jila Underground River and the concentration proportion of PAHs decreases with the increase of the molecular weight,while the order in the dry period is Jila Underground River > Liubei District > Liuxi District >Liudong District.The PAHs in the groundwater during the dry season have a high pollution level,while a low pollution level is observed in the wet season.The main sources of PAHs are organic matter burns at high temperature such as fossil fuel,which are produced by human activities such as industrial processes,transportation,heating,and cooking.
引文
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[2]郭广慧,吴丰昌,何宏平,等.太湖水体多环芳烃生态风险的空间分布[J].中国环境科学,2012,32(6):1032-1039.Guo G H,Wu F C,He H P,et al.Spatial distribution of ecological risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the surface waters of Lake Taihu[J].China Environmental Science,2012,32(6):1032-1039.
[3]张树才,张巍,王开颜,等.北京东南郊大气TSP中多环芳烃浓度特征与影响因素[J].环境科学,2007,28(3):460-465.Zhang S C,Zhang W,Wang K Y,et al.Concentration characteristics and influencing factors of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in TSP in the southeastern suburb of Beijing,China[J].Environmental Science,2007,28(3):460-465.
[4]孙娜,陆晨刚,高翔,等.青藏高原东部土壤中多环芳烃的污染特征及来源解析[J].环境科学,2007,28(3):664-668.Sun N,Lu C G,Gao X,et al.Distribution and source of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)in soil of east Qingzang Plateau[J].Environmental Science,2007,28(3):664-668.
[5]冯精兰,牛军峰.长江武汉段不同粒径沉积物中多环芳烃(PAHs)分布特征[J].环境科学,2007,28(7):1573-1577.Feng J L,Niu J F.Study on the grain-size distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Yangtze River sediment[J].Environmental Science,2007,28(7):1573-1577.
[6]孔祥胜.典型岩溶巨型漏斗中持久性有机污染物的环境行为研究---以广西大石围天坑群为例[D].武汉:中国地质大学(武汉),2012.Kong X S.Environmental behaviour of persistent organic pollutants in a typical karst sinkhole-A case in Dashiwei Tiankeng group in Guangxi,China[D].Wuhan:China University of Geosciences(Wuhan),2012.
[7]段晓勇,印萍,刘金庆,等.滦河口表层沉积物中重金属和多环芳烃的分布、来源及风险评估[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(4):1198-1206.Duan X Y,Yin P,Liu J Q,et al.Heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface sediments of Luan River estuary:distributions,sources and ecological risk assessments[J].China Environmental Science,2016,36(4):1198-1206.
[8]Saba B,Hashmi I,Awan M A,et al.Distribution,toxicity level,and concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)in surface soil and groundwater of Rawalpindi,Pakistan[J].Desalination and Water Treatment,2012,49(1-3):240-247.
[9]昌盛,耿梦娇,刘琰,等.滹沱河冲洪积扇地下水中多环芳烃的污染特征[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(7):2058-2066.Chang S,Geng M J,Liu Y,et al.Pollution characteristic of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the groundwater of Hutuo River Pluvial Fan[J].China Environmental Science,2016,36(7):2058-2066.
[10]王文岩,张娟,李雪芳,等.西安城郊水体中多环芳烃污染特征及来源辨析[J].干旱地区农业研究,2015,33(5):201-206.Wang W Y,Zhang J,Li X F,et al.Characteristics and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons pollution in water of Xi'an outskirt regions[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2015,33(5):201-206.
[11]Schwarz K,Gocht T,Grathwohl P.Transport of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in highly vulnerable karst systems[J].Environmental Pollution,2011,159(1):133-139.
[12]孙玉川,沈立成,袁道先.表层岩溶泉水中多环芳烃污染特征及来源解析[J].环境科学,2014,35(6):2091-2098.Sun Y C,Shen L C,Yuan D X.Contamination and source of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in epikarst spring water[J].Environmental Science,2014,35(6):2091-2098.
[13]蓝家程,孙玉川,田萍,等.岩溶地下河流域水中多环芳烃污染特征及生态风险评价[J].环境科学,2014,35(10):3722-3730.Lan J C,Sun Y C,Tian P,et al.Contamination and ecological risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water and in karst underground river catchment[J].Environmental Science,2014,35(10):3722-3730.
[14]孔祥胜,苗迎,栾日坚,等.重工业区高脆弱岩溶含水层中多环芳烃污染的初步研究[J].中国岩溶,2015,34(4):331-340.Kong X S,Miao Y,Luan R J,et al.Preliminary study on contaminant of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in vulnerable karst aquifer in a heavy industry district[J].Carsologica Sinica,2015,34(4):331-340.
[15]百度百科.柳州[EB/OL].https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E6%9F%B3%E5%B7%9E/219569?fromtitle=%E6%9F%B3%E5%B7%9E%E5%B8%82&fromid=11044417&fr=aladdin#3_3,2018-07-23.
[16]柳州市区域环境水文地质调查报告(比例尺1∶50 000~1∶100 000)[R].南宁:广西壮族自治区地质矿产局,1990.
[17]龚香宜,何炎志,孙云雷.江汉平原四湖流域上区地下水中多环芳烃分布特征与源解析[J].环境科学学报,2015,35(3):789-796.Gong X Y,He Y Z,Sun Y L.Distribution and source of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in groundwater in the upper region of Sihu Lake Basin from Jianghan Plain[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2015,35(3):789-796.
[18]崔学慧,李炳华,陈鸿汉.太湖平原城近郊区浅层地下水中多环芳烃污染特征及污染源分析[J].环境科学,2008,29(7):1806-1810.Cui X H,Li B H,Chen H H.Contamination characteristics and pollutant sources analysis on PAHs in shallow groundwater in suburb of Taihu Plain[J].Environmental Science,2008,29(7):1806-1810.
[19]罗庆,孙丽娜,张耀华.细河流域地下水中多环芳烃污染健康风险评价[J].农业环境科学学报,2011,30(5):959-964.Luo Q,Sun L N,Zhang Y H.Health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in groundwater from Xihe River area,China[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2011,30(5):959-964.
[20]王潇媛,郭纯青,裴建国,等.清水泉岩溶地下水中多环芳烃污染特征及来源[J].南水北调与水利科技,2015,13(2):274-278.Wang X Y,Guo C Q,Pei J G,et al.Pollution characteristics and source analysis of PAHs in the karst groundwater of Qingshui Spring[J].South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science&Technology,2015,13(2):274-278.
[21]孙玉川.有机氯农药和多环芳烃在表层岩溶系统中的迁移、转化特征研究[D].重庆:西南大学,2012.Sun Y C.Study on migration and transformation characteristics of OCPs and PAHs in epikarst system[D].Chongqing:Southwest University,2012.
[22]王尊波,孙玉川,梁作兵,等.重庆青木关地下河流域水中多环芳烃的污染和迁移特征[J].环境科学学报,2016,36(3):812-819.Wang Z B,Sun Y C,Liang Z B,et al.Contamination and migration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water of Qingmuguan karst underground river catchment in Chongqing,China[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2016,36(3):812-819.
[23]蓝家程.岩溶地下河系统中多环芳烃的迁移、分配及生态风险研究[D].重庆:西南大学,2014.Lan J C.Study on migration,partitioning and ecological risk of PAHs in a karst underground river system in Southwest China[D].Chongqing:Southwest University,2014.
[24]Shao Y X,Wang Y X,Xu X Q,et al.Occurrence and source apportionment of PAHs in highly vulnerable karst system[J].Science of the Total Environment,2014,490:153-160.
[25]Environment Canada.Canadian environmental protection act:priority substances list assessment report:polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons[R].Ottawa,Ontario:Supply and Services Canada,1994.
[26]周婕成,陈振楼,毕春娟,等.温州城市河流中多环芳烃的污染特征及其来源[J].环境科学,2012,33(12):4226-4236.Zhou J C,Chen Z L,Bi C J,et al.Pollution characteristics and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban rivers of Wenzhou City[J].Environmental Science,2012,33(12):4226-4236.
[27]Khairy M A,Lohmann R.Source apportionment and risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the atmospheric environment of Alexandria,Egypt[J].Chemosphere,2013,91(7):895-903.
[28]Sofowote U M,Mc Carry B E,Marvin C H.Source apportionment of PAH in Hamilton Harbour suspended sediments:comparison of two factor analysis methods[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2008,42(16):6007-6014.
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