基于应变控制的4Cr5MoSiV1热作模具钢热机械疲劳行为
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摘要
采用MTS~热机械疲劳电液伺服试验机研究了4Cr5MoSiV1热作模具钢400~700℃范围内拉压对称机械应变控制的同相及反相热机械疲劳行为.结果表明:当应变幅为±0.50%时,4Cr5MoSiV1钢反相热机械疲劳寿命约为同相的60%;无论同相还是反相加载,应力-应变滞后回线均呈现不对称性,同相加载时表现为平均压缩应力,反相加载时表现为平均拉伸应力.两种加载方式下,最大应力与最大应变及峰值温度均不同步,在高温半周出现应力松弛现象.此外,高温半周呈现持续循环软化,而低温半周呈现初始循环硬化,随后持续循环软化的特征.同相加载时断口以主裂纹、撕裂脊和准解理特征为主,裂纹少而深;反相加载时断口以疲劳条纹和大量的凹坑特征为主,裂纹多而浅.
In-phase(IP) and out-of-phase(OP) thermal-mechanical fatigue(TMF) tests of 4Cr5MoSiV1 hot work die steel were conducted in full reverse mechanical strain control in the temperature range of 400-700 ℃ by a TMF servo-hydraulic testing system(MTS~).The results indicate that,when the strain amplitude is ±0.50%,the OP TMF life of 4Cr5MoSiV1 steel is ~60% of the IP TMF life.The stress-strain hysteresis loops show asymmetries for both IP and OP loading.IP loading leads to comprehensive mean stress,while OP loading gives rise to tensile mean stress in the temperature range of 400-700℃.The changes of maximum strain and peak temperature with maximum stress are inconsistent,and the stress relaxation phenomenon could be observed under IP and OP loading.Moreover,two kinds of TMF cycling exhibite continuous cyclic softening in the high temperature half stage,while in the low temperature half stage,cyclic hardening occurs initially and is then followed by continuous cyclic softening.The fractured surfaces under IP TMF loading display striation and tear ridge,and exhibits quasi-cleavage characteristics.In addition,the cracks are less but longer.However,fractured surfaces under OP TMF loading mainly display striation and dimple characteristics,and the cracks are shorter and more abundant.
In-phase(IP) and out-of-phase(OP) thermal-mechanical fatigue(TMF) tests of 4Cr5MoSiV1 hot work die steel were conducted in full reverse mechanical strain control in the temperature range of 400-700 ℃ by a TMF servo-hydraulic testing system(MTS~).The results indicate that,when the strain amplitude is ±0.50%,the OP TMF life of 4Cr5MoSiV1 steel is ~60% of the IP TMF life.The stress-strain hysteresis loops show asymmetries for both IP and OP loading.IP loading leads to comprehensive mean stress,while OP loading gives rise to tensile mean stress in the temperature range of 400-700℃.The changes of maximum strain and peak temperature with maximum stress are inconsistent,and the stress relaxation phenomenon could be observed under IP and OP loading.Moreover,two kinds of TMF cycling exhibite continuous cyclic softening in the high temperature half stage,while in the low temperature half stage,cyclic hardening occurs initially and is then followed by continuous cyclic softening.The fractured surfaces under IP TMF loading display striation and tear ridge,and exhibits quasi-cleavage characteristics.In addition,the cracks are less but longer.However,fractured surfaces under OP TMF loading mainly display striation and dimple characteristics,and the cracks are shorter and more abundant.
引文
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[19]Mishnev R,Dudova N,Kaibyshev R.Low cycle fatigue behavior of a 10Cr--2W-Mo--3Co-Nb V steel.Int J Fatigue,2016,83:344
[2]Wu Y D,Wang J M.Failure analysis of aluminum die casting dies.Mater Mech Eng,1989(6):49(吴玉道,王洁民.铝压铸模具失效分析.机械工程材料,1989(6):49)
[3]Nagao Y,Knoerr M,Altan T.Improvement of tool life in cold forging of complex automotive parts.J Mater Process Technol,1994,46(1-2):73
[4]Fang J R,Jiang Q C,Han Z X,et al.High temperature fatigue and fracture behavior of hot work die steel under mechanical and thermo-mechanical cyclic loads.J Mater Eng,2002(10):11(方健儒,姜启川,韩增祥,等.热作模具钢在高温热机械应力循环下的疲劳断裂行为.材料工程,2002(10):11)
[5]Tong Q,Wu X C,Zhou Q C,et al.Thermal fatigue mechanism of SDH3 hot work steel.Trans Mater Heat Treat,2010,31(5):81(佟倩,吴晓春,周青春,等.热作模具钢SDH3热疲劳机理.材料热处理学报,2010,31(5):81)
[6]Zhang G D,Liu S L,He Y H,et al.Effect of hold time on life and behavior of thermal-mechanical fatigue in PM superalloy FGH95.Chin J Mech Eng,2004,40(11):144(张国栋,刘绍伦,何玉怀,等.保持时间对FGH95粉末盘材料热/机械疲劳行为与寿命的影响.机械工程学报,2004,40(11):144)
[7]Yan M,Sun Z L,Yang Q,et al.Mechanical mechanism of creepthermal fatigue interaction.Chin J Mech Eng,2009,45(1):111(闫明,孙志礼,杨强,等.蠕变--热疲劳交互作用的力学机理.机械工程学报,2009,45(1):111)
[8]Jiang Q C,Fang J R,Guan Q F.Thermomechanical fatigue behavior of Cr--Ni--Mo cast hot work die steel.Scripta Mater,2001,45(2):199
[9]Fang J R,Jiang Q C,Guan Q F,et al.The characteristics of fatigue under isothermal and thermo-mechanical load in Cr-Ni-Mo cast hot work die steel.Fatigue Fract Eng Mater Struct,2002,25(5):481
[10]Oudin A,Lamesle P,Penazzi L,et al.Thermomechanical fatigue behaviour and life assessment of hot work tool steels.Eur Struct Integr Soc,2002,29:195
[11]Sj9str9m J,Bergstr9m J.Thermal fatigue testing of chromium martensitic hot-work tool steel after different austenitizing treatments.J Mater Process Technol,2004,153-154:1089
[12]Xu L P,Wu X C,Shao G J,et al.Effect of the tempering temperature on thermal fatigue behavior of 4Cr5Mo Si V1 and 8407steels.J Mater Eng,2001(2):3(许珞萍,吴晓春,邵光杰,等.4Cr5Mo Si V1,8407钢的热疲劳性能.材料工程,2001(2):3)
[13]Qian L H,Wang Z G,Toda H,et al.Thermo-mechanical fatigue of Si C whisker reinforced 6061Al composites I.Stress and strain during cycling.Acta Metall Sin,2001,37(11):1198(钱立和,王中光,户田裕之,等.Si C晶须增强6061Al基复合材料的热机械疲劳性能I.应力应变行为.金属学报,2001,37(11):1198)
[14]Huang Z W,Wang Z G,Zhu S J,et al.Thermomechanical fatigue behavior and life prediction of a cast nickel-based superalloy.Mater Sci Eng A,2006,432(1-2):308
[15]Fang D N,Berkovits A.Mean stress models for low-cycle fatigue of a nickel-base superalloy.Int J Fatigue,1994,16(6):429
[16]Yang F M,Sun X F,Guan H R,et al.On the low cycle fatigue deformation of K40S cobalt-base superalloy at elevated temperature.Mater Lett,2003,57(19):2823
[17]Rao K B S,Schiffers H,Schuster H,et al.Influence of time and temperature dependent processes on strain controlled low cycle fatigue behavior of alloy 617.Metall Trans A,1988,19(2):359
[18]Mishnev R,Dudova N,Kaibyshev R.Low cycle fatigue behavior of a 10%Cr martensitic steel at 600℃.ISIJ Int,2015,55(11):2469
[19]Mishnev R,Dudova N,Kaibyshev R.Low cycle fatigue behavior of a 10Cr--2W-Mo--3Co-Nb V steel.Int J Fatigue,2016,83:344