4D打印:智能材料与结构增材制造技术的研究进展
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摘要
4D打印技术是基于智能材料与结构的增材制造技术提出来的,4D打印制造的实体结构形状可以随外界环境发生变化。通过对形状记忆合金、形状记忆聚合物、压电材料、电致活性聚合物、光驱动型聚合物、水驱动结构等智能材料与结构的增材制造方法与驱动效果进行综合比较发现:直写打印成型具有适用性广的特点,单一智能材料的驱动性能有限;混合增材制造技术可以兼具多种智能材料的性能,拥有多种原位驱动模式,能够克服单一智能材料与结构的不足。文献综述表明:4D打印技术研究整体还处于实验室探索阶段;4D打印还需要在拓宽智能材料范围、开发打印软件、探索打印工艺、研究软材料打印方法、解决不同智能材料的兼容问题等方面展开深入研究,才能够在医疗、军事、航天等领域得到广泛应用。
4D printing technology is proposed based on 3D printing technology of smart materials and structure.4D printed entities can be changed with the external environment.The method of additive manufacturing and driving effect of materials,such as shape memory alloys,shape memory polymers,piezoelectric materials,electroactive polymers,light driven polymer and water drive structure,are compared and it is concluded that direct writing printing has the characteristics of wide applicability,while driving performance of a single smart material is limited.Multi-material additive manufacturing can combine many kinds of smart materials with many kinds of drive mode and overcome the shortage of single smart material and structure.The literature review shows that 4D printing research is still in the laboratory stage,it is also required to broaden the intelligent materials,develop the printing software,explore the printing process,investigate the methods for soft materials and solve the problems in intelligent material compatibility,in order that 4D printing can be widely used in medicine,military,aerospace and other fields.
4D printing technology is proposed based on 3D printing technology of smart materials and structure.4D printed entities can be changed with the external environment.The method of additive manufacturing and driving effect of materials,such as shape memory alloys,shape memory polymers,piezoelectric materials,electroactive polymers,light driven polymer and water drive structure,are compared and it is concluded that direct writing printing has the characteristics of wide applicability,while driving performance of a single smart material is limited.Multi-material additive manufacturing can combine many kinds of smart materials with many kinds of drive mode and overcome the shortage of single smart material and structure.The literature review shows that 4D printing research is still in the laboratory stage,it is also required to broaden the intelligent materials,develop the printing software,explore the printing process,investigate the methods for soft materials and solve the problems in intelligent material compatibility,in order that 4D printing can be widely used in medicine,military,aerospace and other fields.
引文
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[24]KAMAMICHI N,MAEBA T,YAMAKITA M,et al.Printing fabrication of bucky gel actuator/sensor and its application to three-dimensional patterned devices[J].Advance Robotics,2010,24(10):1471-1487.
[25]MU X M,SOWAN N,TUMBIC J,et al.Photoinduced bending in a light-activated polymer laminated composite[J].Soft Matter,2015,11(13):2673-2682.
[26]WEI H Q,ZHANG Q W,YAO Y T.Direct-write fabrication of 4D active shape-changing structures based on a shape memory polymer and its nanocomposite[J].ACS Applied Materials&Interfaces,2017,9(1):876-883.
[27]NAFICY S,GORKIN R,GATELY R,et al.4D printing of reversible shape morphing hydrogel structures[J].Macromolecular Materials and Engineering,2017,302:1600212.
[28]LEIST S K,ZHOU J.Current status of 4Dprinting technology and the potential of light-reactive smart materials as 4Dprintable materials[J].Virtual and Physical Prototyping,2016,4(11):249-262.
[29]GLADMANA S,MATSUMOTO E A,NUZZO R G,et al.Biomimetic 4Dprinting[J].Nature Materials,2016,15:413-418.
[30]MIAO S,CASTRO N,NOWICKI M,et al.4Dprinting of polymeric materials for tissue and organ regeneration[J].Materials Today,2017,20(10):577-591.
[31]MAO Yiqi,YU Kai,ISAKOV M S,et al.Sequential self-folding structure by 3Dprinted digital shape memory Polymers[J].Science Report,2015,5:13616.
[32]WU J,YUAN C H,DING Z,et al.Multi-shape active composites by 3Dprinting of digital shape memory polymers[J].Science Report,2016,6:24224.
[33]STOYCHEV G,PURETSKIY N,IONOV L.Selffolding all-polymer thermo responsive microcapsules[J].Soft Matter,2011(7):3277-3279.
[34]KUKSENOK O,BALAZS A C.Stimuli-responsive behavior of composites integrating thermo-responsive gels with photo-responsive fibers[J].Materials Horizons,2015,31(1):53-62.
[35]李涤尘,刘佳煜,王延杰,等.4D打印智能材料的增材制造技术[J].机电工程技术,2014,43(5):1-9.LI Dichen,LIU Jiayu,WANG Yanjie.et al.4Dprinting-additive manufacturing technology of smart materials[J].Mechanica and Electrical Engineering Technology,2014,43(5):1-9.
[36]陈花玲,王永泉,盛俊杰,等.电活性聚合物材料及其在驱动器中的应用研究[J].机械工程学报,2013,49(6):205-214.CHEN Hualing,WANG Yongquan,SHENG Junjie,et al.Research of electro-active polymer and its application in actuators[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2013,49(6):205-214.
[37]李铁风,李国瑞,梁艺鸣,等.软体机器人结构机理与驱动材料研究综述[J].力学学报,2016,48(4):756-766.LI Tifeng,LI Guori,LIANG Yimin.Review of materials and structures in soft robotics[J].Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics,2016,48(4):756-766.
[2]OXMAN N.Variable property rapid prototyping[J].Virtual Property Rapid Prototyping,2011,6(1):3-31.
[3]RAVIV D,ZHAO W,MCKNELLY C,et al.Active printed materials for complex self-evolving deformations[J].Scientific Reports,2014,4:7422.
[4]TIBBIT S.4Dprinting:multi-material shape[J].Architectural Design,2013,84(1):116-121.
[5]冷劲松,孙健,刘彦菊.智能材料与结构在变体飞行器上的应用现状与前景展望[J].航空学报,2014,35(1):29-35.LENG Jinsong,SUN Jian,LIU Yanju.Application status and future prospect of smart materials and structures in morphing aircraft[J].Acta Aeronautica Sinica,2014,35(1):29-35.
[6]MACDONALD E,WICKER R.Multiprocess 3D printing for increasing component functionality[J].Science,2016,353:6307.
[7]MARTINERIE S,CARRE珦NOMORELLI E,BIDAUX J E.Three-dimensional printing of shape memory alloys[J].Materials Science Forum,2007,534/535/536:477-480.
[8]CLARE A T,CHALKER P R,DAVIES S,et al.Selective laser melting of high aspect ratio 3Dnickel-titanium structures two way trained for MEMS applications[J].Int J Mech Mater Des,2008,4(2):181-187.
[9]WALKER J M,HABERLAND C,ANDANI M T,et al.Process development and characterization of additively manufactured nickel-titanium shape memory parts[J].Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures,2016,27(19):2653-2660.
[10]LENG J S,LAN X,LIU Y J,et al.Electrical conductivity of thermo-responsive shape-memory polymer with embedded micron sized Ni powder chains[J].Applied Physical Letters,2008,92:014904.
[11]YANG Y,CHEN Y,WEI W,et al.3Dprinting of shape memory polymer for functional part fabrication[J].Int J Adv Manuf Technol,2016,84(9):2079-2095.
[12]GE Q,SAKHAEI A H,LEE H,et al.Multimaterial4D printing with tailorable shape memory polymers[J].Science Report,2016,6:31110.
[13]GE Q,SAKHAEI A H,LEE H,et al.Active origami by 4D printing[J].Smart Materials and Structures,2014,23:094007.
[14]YANG W G,LH,HUANG H J,et al.Advanced shape memory technology to reshape product design,manufacturing and recycling[J].Polymer,2014,6:2287-2308.
[15]PABST O,BECKERT E,PERELAER P,et al.All inkjet-printed electroactive polymer actuators for microfluidic lab-on-chip systems[C]∥Proceedings Electroactive Polymer Actuators and Devices(EAPAD)2013.San Diego,USA:SPIE,2013:86872H.
[16]KIM K,ZHU W,QU X,et al.3Doptical printing of piezoelectric nanoparticle polymer composite materials[J].ACS Nano,2014,8(10):9799-9806.
[17]SUO Z G.Theory of dielectric elastomers[J].Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica,2010,23(6):549-578.
[18]LANDGRAF M,REITELSHFER S,FRANKE J,et al.Aerosol jet printing and lightweight power electronics for dielectric elastomers actuators[C]∥20133rd International Electric Drives Production Conference,EDPC 2013.Washington,USA:IEEE Computer Society,2013:1-7.
[19]CREEGAN A,ANDERSON I.3Dprinting for dielectric elastomers[C]∥Proceedings SPIE9056,Electroactive Polymer Actuators and Devices(EAPAD)2014.San Diego,USA:SPIE,2014,9056:905629H.
[20]YUN S,NIU X,YU Z B,et al.Compliant-silver nano-wire-polymer composite electrodes for bistable large actuation strain[J].Advance Materials,2014,24:1321-1327.
[21]CAI J Y.4D printing dielectric elastomer actuator based soft robots[D].Arkansas,USA:University of Arkansas,2016:1-85.
[22]MALONE E,LIPSON H.Freeform fabrication of ionic polymer-metal composite actuators[J].Rapid Prototyping,2006,12(5):244-253.
[23]CARRICOA J D,TRAEDENA N W,AURELIB M,et al.Characterization of 3D-printed ionic36polymermetal composite actuators[J].Smart Materials and Structures,2015,24:0125021.
[24]KAMAMICHI N,MAEBA T,YAMAKITA M,et al.Printing fabrication of bucky gel actuator/sensor and its application to three-dimensional patterned devices[J].Advance Robotics,2010,24(10):1471-1487.
[25]MU X M,SOWAN N,TUMBIC J,et al.Photoinduced bending in a light-activated polymer laminated composite[J].Soft Matter,2015,11(13):2673-2682.
[26]WEI H Q,ZHANG Q W,YAO Y T.Direct-write fabrication of 4D active shape-changing structures based on a shape memory polymer and its nanocomposite[J].ACS Applied Materials&Interfaces,2017,9(1):876-883.
[27]NAFICY S,GORKIN R,GATELY R,et al.4D printing of reversible shape morphing hydrogel structures[J].Macromolecular Materials and Engineering,2017,302:1600212.
[28]LEIST S K,ZHOU J.Current status of 4Dprinting technology and the potential of light-reactive smart materials as 4Dprintable materials[J].Virtual and Physical Prototyping,2016,4(11):249-262.
[29]GLADMANA S,MATSUMOTO E A,NUZZO R G,et al.Biomimetic 4Dprinting[J].Nature Materials,2016,15:413-418.
[30]MIAO S,CASTRO N,NOWICKI M,et al.4Dprinting of polymeric materials for tissue and organ regeneration[J].Materials Today,2017,20(10):577-591.
[31]MAO Yiqi,YU Kai,ISAKOV M S,et al.Sequential self-folding structure by 3Dprinted digital shape memory Polymers[J].Science Report,2015,5:13616.
[32]WU J,YUAN C H,DING Z,et al.Multi-shape active composites by 3Dprinting of digital shape memory polymers[J].Science Report,2016,6:24224.
[33]STOYCHEV G,PURETSKIY N,IONOV L.Selffolding all-polymer thermo responsive microcapsules[J].Soft Matter,2011(7):3277-3279.
[34]KUKSENOK O,BALAZS A C.Stimuli-responsive behavior of composites integrating thermo-responsive gels with photo-responsive fibers[J].Materials Horizons,2015,31(1):53-62.
[35]李涤尘,刘佳煜,王延杰,等.4D打印智能材料的增材制造技术[J].机电工程技术,2014,43(5):1-9.LI Dichen,LIU Jiayu,WANG Yanjie.et al.4Dprinting-additive manufacturing technology of smart materials[J].Mechanica and Electrical Engineering Technology,2014,43(5):1-9.
[36]陈花玲,王永泉,盛俊杰,等.电活性聚合物材料及其在驱动器中的应用研究[J].机械工程学报,2013,49(6):205-214.CHEN Hualing,WANG Yongquan,SHENG Junjie,et al.Research of electro-active polymer and its application in actuators[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2013,49(6):205-214.
[37]李铁风,李国瑞,梁艺鸣,等.软体机器人结构机理与驱动材料研究综述[J].力学学报,2016,48(4):756-766.LI Tifeng,LI Guori,LIANG Yimin.Review of materials and structures in soft robotics[J].Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics,2016,48(4):756-766.