炎症小体介导的焦亡在宿主细胞抵御病毒感染中的作用及机制
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摘要
<正>细胞死亡是机体抗感染免疫反应过程中重要的组成部分,可分为程序性死亡和被动性死亡。前者需要代谢能量,由特定的细胞信号和效应分子介导,主要包括焦亡(pyroptosis)、自噬(autophagy)及凋亡(apoptosis)等;后者由外力失控诱导,主要包括坏死(necrosis)~([1])。细胞焦亡是由Zychlinsky等~([2])于1992年研究弗氏志贺菌感染的巨噬细胞时观察到
引文
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[41] Shrivastava S,Mukherjee A,Ray R,et al.Hepatitis C virus induces interleukin-1 beta(IL-1 beta)/IL-18 in circulatory and resident liver macrophages[J].J Virol,2013,87(22):12284-12290.
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[2] Zychlinsky A,Prevost M C,Sansonetti P J,Shigella flexneri induces apoptosis in infected macrophages[J].Nature,1992,358(6382):167-169.
[3] Cookson B T,Brennan M A.Pro-inflammatory programmed cell death[J].Trends Microbiol,2001,9(3):113-114.
[4] Jorgensen I,Miao E A,Pyroptotic cell death defends against intracellular pathogens[J].Immunol Rev,2015,265(1):130-142.
[5] Ding J,Wang K,Liu W,et al.Pore-forming activity and structural autoinhibition of the gasdermin family[J].Nature,2016,535(7610):111-116.
[6] Okamura H,Nagata K,Komatsu T,et al.A novel costimulatory factor for gamma interferon induction found in the livers of mice causes endotoxic shock[J].Infect Immun,1995,63(10):3966-3972.
[7] Garlanda C,Dinarello C A,Mantovani A.The interleukin-1 family:back to the future[J].Immunity,2013,39(6):1003-1018.
[8] Zitvogel L,Kroemer G.The immune response against dying tumor cells:avoid disaster,achieve cure[J].Cell Death Differ,2008,15(1):1-2.
[9] Brunette R L,Young J M,Whitley D G,et al.Extensive evolutionary and functional diversity among mammalian AIM2-like receptors[J].J Exp Med,2012,209(11):1969-1983.
[10] Lupfer C,Kanneganti T D.Unsolved mysteries in NLR biology[J].Front Immunol,2013,4:285.
[11] Chae J J,Cho Y H,Lee G S,et al.Gain-of-function Pyrin mutations induce NLRP3 protein-independent interleukin-1 beta activation and severe autoinflammation in mice[J].Immunity,2011,34(5):755-768.
[12] Ewald S E,Chavarria-Smith J,Boothroyd J C.NLRP1 is an inflammasome sensor for Toxoplasma gondii[J].Infect Immun,2014,82(1):460-468.
[13] Gregory S M,Davis B K,West J A,et al.Discovery of a viral NLR homolog that inhibits the inflammasome[J].Science,2011,331(6015):330-334.
[14] Fernandes-Alnemri T,Yu J W,Datta P,et al.AIM2 activates the inflammasome and cell death in response to cytoplasmic DNA[J].Nature,2009,458(7237):509-513.
[15] Rathinam V A,Jiang Z,Waggoner S N,et al.The AIM2 inflammasome is essential for host defense against cytosolic bacteria and DNA viruses[J].Nat Immunol,2010,11(5):395-402.
[16] Martinon F,Tschopp J.Inflammatory caspases:linking an intracellular innate immune system to autoinflammatory diseases[J].Cell,2004,117(5):561-574.
[17] Hagar J A,Powell D A,Aachoui Y,et al.Cytoplasmic LPS activates caspase-11:implications in TLR4-independent endotoxic shock[J].Science,2013,341(6151):1250-1253.
[18] Gurung P,Malireddi R K,Anand P K,et al.Toll or interleukin-1 receptor(TIR)domain-containing adaptor inducing interferon-beta(TRIF)-mediated caspase-11 protease production integrates Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)protein-and Nlrp3 inflammasome-mediated host defense against enteropathogens[J].J Biol Chem,2012,287(41):34474-34483.
[19] Kerur N,Veettil M V,Sharma-Walia N,et al.IFI16 acts as a nuclear pathogen sensor to induce the inflammasome in response to Kaposi Sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection[J].Cell Host Microbe,2011,9(5):363-375.
[20] Jin T,Perry A,Jiang J,et al.Structures of the HIN domain:DNA complexes reveal ligand binding and activation mechanisms of the AIM2 inflammasome and IFI16 receptor[J].Immunity,2012,36(4):561-571.
[21] Man S M,Kanneganti T D.Regulation of inflammasome activation[J].Immunol Rev,2015,265(1):6-21.
[22] Shi J,Zhao Y,Wang K,et al.Cleavage of GSDMD by inflammatory caspases determines pyroptotic cell death[J].Nature,2015,526(7575):660-665.
[23] Hornung V,Ablasser A,Charrel-Dennis M,et al.AIM2 recognizes cytosolic dsDNA and forms a caspase-1-activating inflammasome with ASC[J].Nature,2009,458(7237):514-518.
[24] Man S M,Karki R,Malireddi R K,et al.The transcription factor IRF1 and guanylate-binding proteins target activation of the AIM2 inflammasome by Francisella infection[J].Nat Immunol,2015,16(5):467-475.
[25] Reinholz M,Kawakami Y,Salzer S,et al.HPV16 activates the AIM2 inflammasome in keratinocytes[J].Arch Dermatol Res,2013,305(8):723-732.
[26] Dell'Oste V,Gatti D,Giorgio A G,et al.The interferon-inducible DNA-sensor protein IFI16:a key player in the antiviral response[J].New Microbiol,2015,38(1):5-20.
[27] Kanneganti T D.Central roles of NLRs and inflammasomes in viral infection[J].Nat Rev Immunol,2010,10(10):688-698.
[28] Keller M,Ruegg A,Werner S,et al.Active caspase-1 is a regulator of unconventional protein secretion[J].Cell,2008,132(5):818-831.
[29] Li J,Hu L,Liu Y,et al.DDX19A senses viral RNA and mediates NLRP3-dependent inflammasome activation[J].J Immunol,2015,195(12):5732-5749.
[30] Martinon F.Signaling by ROS drives inflammasome activation[J].Eur J Immunol,2010,40(3):616-619.
[31] Rossol M,Pierer M,Raulien N,et al.Extracellular Ca2+ is a danger signal activating the NLRP3 inflammasome through G protein-coupled calcium sensing receptors[J].Nat Commun,2012,3:1329.
[32] Wang X,Jiang W,Yan Y,et al.RNA viruses promote activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome through a RIP1-RIP3-DRP1 signaling pathway[J].Nat Immunol,2014,15(12):1126-1133.
[33] Gonzalez M E,Carrasco L.Viroporins[J].FEBS Lett,2003,552(1):28-34.
[34] Nieva J L,Madan V,Carrasco L.Viroporins:structure and biological functions[J].Nat Rev Microbiol,2012,10(8):563-574.
[35] Triantafilou K,Triantafilou M.Ion flux in the lung:virus-induced inflammasome activation[J].Trends Microbiol,2014,22(10):580-588.
[36] Segovia J,Sabbah A,Mgbemena V,et al.TLR2/MyD88/NF-kappaB pathway,reactive oxygen species,potassium efflux activates NLRP3/ASC inflammasome during respiratory syncytial virus infection[J].PLoS One,2012,7(1):e29695.
[37] Triantafilou K,Kar S,Vakakis E,et al.Human respiratory syncytial virus viroporin SH:a viral recognition pathway used by the host to signal inflammasome activation[J].Thorax,2013,68(1):66-75.
[38] Guo H C,Jin Y,Zhi X Y,et al.NLRP3 inflammasome activation by viroporins of animal viruses[J].Viruses,2015,7(7):3380-3391.
[39] Allen I C,Scull M A,Moore C B,et al.The NLRP3 inflammasome mediates in vivo innate immunity to influenza A virus through recognition of viral RNA[J].Immunity,2009,30(4):556-565.
[40] Ito M,Yanagi Y,Ichinohe T.Encephalomyocarditis virus viroporin 2B activates NLRP3 inflammasome[J].PLoS Pathog,2012,8(8):e1002857.
[41] Shrivastava S,Mukherjee A,Ray R,et al.Hepatitis C virus induces interleukin-1 beta(IL-1 beta)/IL-18 in circulatory and resident liver macrophages[J].J Virol,2013,87(22):12284-12290.
[42] Johnson K E,Chikoti L,Chandran B.Herpes simplex virus 1 infection induces activation and subsequent inhibition of the IFI16 and NLRP3 inflammasomes[J].J Virol,2013,87(9):5005-5018.
[43] Maruzuru Y,Ichinohe T,Sato R,et al.Herpes simplex virus 1 VP22 inhibits AIM2-dependent inflammasome activation to enable efficient viral replication[J].Cell Host Microbe,2018,23(2):254-265.e7.