三维全五向编织复合材料的切边效应
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摘要
对切割与未切割的三维全五向(3DF5D)编织复合材料进行了纵向拉伸力学性能研究。首先分别对2种编织角下3种不同情况(未切割、沿厚度方向切边和沿宽度方向切边)的试件进行了力学性能实验,实验结果表明,沿着厚度方向切边使材料的刚度和强度分别下降了约10%和25%;沿着宽度方向切边使材料刚度和强度分别下降了约3%和18%;进一步通过有限元数值模拟对上述实验过程进行了仿真计算,得到了单胞的损伤演化过程、破坏机理以及应力-应变曲线。最后对实验结果和计算结果进行了对比,结果显示二者吻合良好。研究结果表明,三维全五向编织复合材料的编织角越大,拉伸刚度和强度会越小;试件尺寸越大,厚度方向和宽度方向切边的影响越小,并趋于定值。
Experimental research on cut-edge and uncut-edge effects of the mechanical performance of three-Dimensional Full five-Directional(3DF5D)braided composites is conducted.The specimens include two different braiding angles and three different cutting ways(uncut-edge,cut along the thickness direction and cut along the width direction).The mechanical performances of the specimens are obtained and studied to get the conclusion of the cut-edge influence.It is found that for the specimen cut along the thickness direction,there is approximately 10% reduction in average stiffness and 25% reduction in average strength,compared with specimens without cut-edge;while for the specimen cut along the width direction,the stiffness and strength decrease by 3% and 18%,respectively.The progressive damage and failure process of mesoscopic braided structures are investigated based on the repeated unit cells,and then the stress-strain curve of the specimen is obtained.Good agreement is obtained between the numerical and experimental results.Results show that the tensile stiffness and strength decrease with the increase of the braiding angle.The cut-edge effect on the performance of full 5-directional braided composites performance weakens and comes close to a constant with the increase of inner cells.
Experimental research on cut-edge and uncut-edge effects of the mechanical performance of three-Dimensional Full five-Directional(3DF5D)braided composites is conducted.The specimens include two different braiding angles and three different cutting ways(uncut-edge,cut along the thickness direction and cut along the width direction).The mechanical performances of the specimens are obtained and studied to get the conclusion of the cut-edge influence.It is found that for the specimen cut along the thickness direction,there is approximately 10% reduction in average stiffness and 25% reduction in average strength,compared with specimens without cut-edge;while for the specimen cut along the width direction,the stiffness and strength decrease by 3% and 18%,respectively.The progressive damage and failure process of mesoscopic braided structures are investigated based on the repeated unit cells,and then the stress-strain curve of the specimen is obtained.Good agreement is obtained between the numerical and experimental results.Results show that the tensile stiffness and strength decrease with the increase of the braiding angle.The cut-edge effect on the performance of full 5-directional braided composites performance weakens and comes close to a constant with the increase of inner cells.
引文
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[25]李艳华,邬友英,胡中永,等.纤维增强塑料拉伸性能试验方法:GB/T 1447—2005[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2005:1-11.LI Y H,WU Y Y,HU Z Y,et al.Fiber-reinforced plastic composites—Determination of tensile properties:GB/T1447—2005[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2005:1-11(in Chinese).
[26]ZHENG X T,YE T Q.Microstructure analysis of 4-step three-dimensional braided composite[J].Chinese Journal of Aeronautics,2003,16(3):142-150.
[27]LIU Z G,ZHANG H G,LU Z X,et al.Investigation on the thermal conductivity of 3-dimensional and 4-directional braided composites[J].Chinese Journal of Aeronautics,2007,20(4):327-331.
[28]HASHIN Z.Failure criteria for unidirectional fiber composites[J].Journal of Applied Mechanics,1980,47(2):329-334.
[2]卢子兴,杨振宇,李仲平.三维编织复合材料力学行为研究进展[J].复合材料学报,2004,21(2):1-7.LU Z X,YANG Z Y,LI Z P.Development of investgation into mechanical behavior of three dimensional braded composites[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2004,21(2):1-7(in Chinese).
[3]吴德隆,沈怀荣.纺织结构复合材料的力学性能研究[J].力学进展,2001,31(4):583-591.WU D L,SHEN H R.The study of mechanical properties of textile structural composites[J].Advances in Mechanics,2001,31(4):583-591(in Chinese).
[4]刘振国.三维全五向编织预制件的概念[J].材料工程,2008(S1):305-312.LIU Z G.Concept of three-dimentional all five-direction-nal braided preforms[J].Journal of Materials Engineering,2008(S1):305-312(in Chinese).
[5]LU D S,LU J L,CHEN L,et al.Finite element analysis of mechanical properties of 3Dfour-directional rectangular braided composites Part 1:Microgeometry and 3Dfinite element model[J].Applied Composite Materials,2010,17(4):373-387.
[6]LU D S,FANG D N,LU Z X,et al.Finite element analysis of mechanical properties of 3Dfour-directional rectangular braided composites—Part 2:Validation of the 3D finite element model[J].Applied Composite Materials,2010,17(4):389-404.
[7]ZHANG F,LIU Z G,WU Z,et al.A new scheme and microstructural model for 3D full 5-directional braided composites[J].Chinese Journal of Aeronautics,2010,23(1):61-67.
[8]ZENG T,FANG D N,MA L,et al.Predicting the nonlinear response and failure of 3Dbraided composites[J].Materials Letters,2004,58(26):3237-3241.
[9]卢子兴,刘振国.三维编织复合材料强度的数值预报[J].北京航空航天大学学报,2002,28(5):563-565.LU Z X,LIU Z G.Numerical prediction of strength for3Dbraided composites[J].Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2002,28(5):563-565(in Chinese).
[10]FANG G D,LIANG J,WANG B L.Progressive damage and nonlinear analysis of 3Dfour-directional braided composites under unidirectional tension[J].Composite Structures,2009,89(1):126-133.
[11]FANG G D,LIANG J,WANG Y,et al.The effect of yarn distortion on the mechanical properties of 3Dfourdirectional braided composites[J].Composites Part A:Applied Science and Manufacturing,2009,40(4):343-350.
[12]FANG G D,LIANG J,WANG B L,et al.Effect of interface properties on mechanical behavior of 3Dfour-directional braided composites with large braid angle subjected to uniaxial tension[J].Applied Composite Materials,2010,18(5):449-465.
[13]MACANDER A B,CRANE R M,CAMPONESCHI E T.Fabrication and mechanical properties of multidimensionally(XD)braided composite materials[J].ASTM STP,1986,873:422-445.
[14]陈绍杰,梁晶红.三维编织复合材料结构的发展与应用[J].航空制造工程,1994(4):33-35.CHEN S J,LIANG J H.Development and application of3Dbraided composite materials[J].Aviation Manufacture Engineering,1994(4):33-35(in Chinese).
[15]LI J L,JIAO Y,SUN Y,et al.Experimental investigation of cut-edge effect on mechanical properties of threedimensional braided composites[J].Materials and Design,2007,28(9):2417-2424.
[16]魏丽梅.切边对三维纺织复合材料力学性能的影响[D].天津:天津工业大学,2005:12-19.WEI L M,The effect of cut-edge on mechanical properties of three-dimensional braiding composites[D].Tianjin:Tianjin Polytechnic University,2005:12-19(in Chinese).
[17]ZHANG F,LIU Z G,WU Z,et al.A new scheme and microstructural model for 3D full 5-directional braided composites[J].Chinese Journal of Aeronautics,2010,23(1):61-67.
[18]XIA Z,ZHANG Y,ELLYIN F,et al.A unified periodical boundary conditions for representative volume elements of composites and applications[J].International Journal of Solids and Structures,2003,40(8):1907-1921.
[19]XIA Z,ZHOU C,YONG Q,et al.On selection of repeated unit cell model and application of unified periodic boundary conditions in micro-mechanical analysis of composites[J].International Journal of Solids and Structures,2006,43(2):266-278.
[20]LI S.Boundary conditions for unit cells from periodic microstructures and their implications[J].Composites Science and Technology,2008,68(9):1962-1974.
[21]HARPER L T,QIAN C,TURNER T A,et al.Representative volume elements for discontinuous carbon fibre composites—Part 1:Boundary conditions[J].Composites Science and Technology,2012,72(2):225-234.
[22]HARPER L T,QIAN C,TURNER T A,et al.Representative volume elements for discontinuous carbon fibre composites—Part 2:Determining the critical size[J].Composites Science and Technology,2012,72(2):204-210.
[23]LI S,WONGSTO A.Unit cells for micromechanical analyses of particle-reinforced composites[J].Mechanics of Materials,2004,36(7):543-572.
[24]张超,许希武,严雪.三维五向及全五向编织复合材料的三单胞结构模型[J].南京航空航天大学学报,2013,45(2):171-178.ZHANG C,XU X W,YAN X.Three unit-cell structure models of 3-D five-directional and full five-directional braided composite[J].Journal of Nanjing University of Aeronautics&Astronautics,2013,45(2):171-178(in Chinese).
[25]李艳华,邬友英,胡中永,等.纤维增强塑料拉伸性能试验方法:GB/T 1447—2005[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2005:1-11.LI Y H,WU Y Y,HU Z Y,et al.Fiber-reinforced plastic composites—Determination of tensile properties:GB/T1447—2005[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2005:1-11(in Chinese).
[26]ZHENG X T,YE T Q.Microstructure analysis of 4-step three-dimensional braided composite[J].Chinese Journal of Aeronautics,2003,16(3):142-150.
[27]LIU Z G,ZHANG H G,LU Z X,et al.Investigation on the thermal conductivity of 3-dimensional and 4-directional braided composites[J].Chinese Journal of Aeronautics,2007,20(4):327-331.
[28]HASHIN Z.Failure criteria for unidirectional fiber composites[J].Journal of Applied Mechanics,1980,47(2):329-334.