非传统道德增强的双重变导:生物医学中介与智能体引擎
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摘要
人类文明史是知识生产史和道德建构史,亦是道德增强史。运用外在技术(打破物种自然完整性的生物医学和神经科学)的干预,通过改变生物属性,突破非传统知识教化而改良人类的精神世界,塑造人类"更完美的天性"已经成为现实。道德增强是以生物医学为技术中介的一种全新的道德建构,用以实现道德主体对道德客体的自由驾驭。人工智能体通过跟踪、组织、反思和引导功能为人类道德导航精准化开辟了道路。也因此,道德增强技术带来了关于伦理上的安全、自由、公平的全球论争。倡导道德增强与道德教化并存互补,建构一种新的开放、精准的道德进化观,将成为时代的理性增强。
The history of human civilization is a history of knowledge production and moral construction as well as moral enhancement. It has become a reality to use external technology intervention to break through non-traditional knowledge education and improve the human spiritual world. Biomedical and neuroscience interventions that break the natural integrity of species can shape a "more perfect nature" by changing biological attributes of humans. Moral enhancement is a brand-new "moral construction" with biomedicine as the technological intermediary to realize the free control of moral subject over moral object. "Artificial Intelligence Body" proposes a path to precision in human "moral navigation" through tracking, organizing, reflecting and guiding functions. Therefore, moral enhancement technology has brought about a global debate on issues of ethical security, freedom and fairness. Advocating the coexistence and complementarity of moral enhancement and moral enlightenment and constructing a new open and precise concept of moral evolution will become a"rational enhancement" of the times.
The history of human civilization is a history of knowledge production and moral construction as well as moral enhancement. It has become a reality to use external technology intervention to break through non-traditional knowledge education and improve the human spiritual world. Biomedical and neuroscience interventions that break the natural integrity of species can shape a "more perfect nature" by changing biological attributes of humans. Moral enhancement is a brand-new "moral construction" with biomedicine as the technological intermediary to realize the free control of moral subject over moral object. "Artificial Intelligence Body" proposes a path to precision in human "moral navigation" through tracking, organizing, reflecting and guiding functions. Therefore, moral enhancement technology has brought about a global debate on issues of ethical security, freedom and fairness. Advocating the coexistence and complementarity of moral enhancement and moral enlightenment and constructing a new open and precise concept of moral evolution will become a"rational enhancement" of the times.
引文
[1]刘玉山,宋希林,陈晓阳.生物医学道德增强可行吗?自然辩证法研究,2014,(3).
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[8]C.Zarpentine.The Thorny and Arduous Path of Moral Progress:Moral Psychology and Moral Enhancement.Neuroethics,2012,6(1).
[9]张卫.道德物化:技术伦理的新思路.中国社会科学报,2016-01-19.
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[11]I.Persson,J.Savulescu.Getting Moral Enhancement Right:The Desirability of Moral Bioenhancement.Bioethics,2013,27(3).
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[2]T.Douglas.Moral Enhancement.Journal of Applied Philosophy,2008,25(3).
[3]J.Savulescu,H.Maslen.Moral Enhancement and Artificial Intelligence:Moral AI?Beyond Artificial Intelligence,2015.
[4]Veljko Dubljevi?,Eric Racine.Moral Enhancement Meets Normative and Empirical Reality:Assessing the Practical Feasibility of Moral Enhancement Neurotechnologies.Bioethics,2017,(5).
[5]I PerssoJn,Savulescu.Unfit for the Future:The Need for Mora Enhancement.Analysis,2012,73(3).
[6]T.Baumgartner,M.Heinrichs,A.Vonlanthen,etc.Oxytocin Shapes the Neural Circuitry of Trust and Trust Adaptation in Humans.Neuron,2008,(58).
[7]J.Savulescu,I.Persson.Moral Enhancement,Freedom and the God Machine.The Monist,2012,95(3).
[8]C.Zarpentine.The Thorny and Arduous Path of Moral Progress:Moral Psychology and Moral Enhancement.Neuroethics,2012,6(1).
[9]张卫.道德物化:技术伦理的新思路.中国社会科学报,2016-01-19.
[10]J.Moor.Four Kinds of Ethical Robots.Philosophy Now,2009,(72).
[11]I.Persson,J.Savulescu.Getting Moral Enhancement Right:The Desirability of Moral Bioenhancement.Bioethics,2013,27(3).
[12]刘玉山,陈晓阳,宋希林.生物医学道德增强及其伦理和社会问题探析.科学技术哲学研究,2015,(2).
[13]叶岸滔.道德增强:问题的提出与正反论证.自然辩证法通讯,2016,(5).
[14]蔡蓁.对基因增强技术的伦理探究.天府新论,2012,(5).
[15]肖峰.“数字增强”的价值及伦理问题.社会科学辑刊,2005,(1).
[16]马克思恩格斯文集:第1卷.北京:人民出版社,2009.
[17]马克思恩格斯选集:第4卷.北京:人民出版社,1995.
[18]马克思恩格斯选集:第1卷.北京:人民出版社,1995.