考虑可靠性的某型汽车前碰结构轻量化研究
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摘要
文章针对汽车结构的轻量化设计,在传统确定性多目标优化方法的基础上考虑了不确定性因素的影响,加入了可靠性设计以提高设计方案的可靠性。基于实验设计数据建立克里格近似模型,并用高效的多目标粒子群算法进行优化,得到确定性优化方案;考虑到制造工艺、环境等对设计变量的影响,引入6Sigma可靠性优化设计方法,对确定性优化方案进行可靠性优化并与优化前结果进行了对比。结果表明:经过可靠性优化的不确定性优化方案的6Sigma质量水平和可靠性能得到大幅提高,满足实际生产需求;优化后整车吸能提高了3.1kJ,零件质量和减小了3.8kg,降幅为7.45%,达到了优化目的。
Aiming at the lightweight design of automobile structure,based on the traditional deterministic multi-objective optimization method and considering the influence of uncertainty factors,the reliability design is added to improve the reliability of the design scheme.A Kriging approximation model is established based on the experimental design data,and an optimized multi-objective particle swarm optimization(PSO)algorithm is used to obtain the deterministic optimization scheme.Considering the influence of manufacturing process and environment on design variables,6 Sigma reliability optimization design method is introduced.The reliability optimization of the deterministic optimization scheme is carried out and the results before and after optimization are compared.It is shown that the6 Sigma quality and reliability can be greatly improved by the reliability optimization scheme,which can meet the requirements of actual production conditions.After optimization,the energy absorption of the whole vehicle increases by 3.1 kJ,the mass of optimized parts is reduced by 3.8 kg,achieving a decrease of 7.45%,so the optimization goals are met.
Aiming at the lightweight design of automobile structure,based on the traditional deterministic multi-objective optimization method and considering the influence of uncertainty factors,the reliability design is added to improve the reliability of the design scheme.A Kriging approximation model is established based on the experimental design data,and an optimized multi-objective particle swarm optimization(PSO)algorithm is used to obtain the deterministic optimization scheme.Considering the influence of manufacturing process and environment on design variables,6 Sigma reliability optimization design method is introduced.The reliability optimization of the deterministic optimization scheme is carried out and the results before and after optimization are compared.It is shown that the6 Sigma quality and reliability can be greatly improved by the reliability optimization scheme,which can meet the requirements of actual production conditions.After optimization,the energy absorption of the whole vehicle increases by 3.1 kJ,the mass of optimized parts is reduced by 3.8 kg,achieving a decrease of 7.45%,so the optimization goals are met.
引文
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[2]中华人民共和国国家统计局.2015年国民经济和社会发展统计公报[R/OL].(2016-02-29).http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/zxfb/201602/t 20160229_1323991.html.
[3]范子杰,桂良进,苏瑞意.汽车轻量化技术的研究与进展[J].汽车安全与节能学报,2014,5(1):1-16.
[4]顾纪超,许东阳,李光耀,等.基于多组混合元模型方法的汽车轻量化设计[J].中国机械工程,2016,27(14):1982-1987.
[5]史国宏,陈勇,杨雨泽,等.白车身多学科轻量化优化设计应用[J].机械工程学报,2012,48(8):110-114.
[6]卢放.基于多学科优化设计方法的白车身轻量化设计研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2014.
[7]王国春,成艾国,胡朝辉,等.基于kriging模型的汽车前部结构的耐撞性优化[J].汽车工程,2011,33(3):208-212.
[8]胡旺,YEN G G,张鑫.基于Pareto熵的多目标粒子群优化算法[J].软件学报,2014,25(5):1025-1050.
[9]姜平,祖春盛,李晓勇.RDWKCPSO-PCA-BPNN的汽车燃油消耗预测[J].合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版),2016,39(1):7-13.
[10]周定智,王霄,刘会霞,等.基于稳健性和多目标优化的车顶结构轻量化设计研究[J].机电工程,2015,32(9):1170-1175.
[11]邱瑞斌,陈园,雷飞,等.基于6σ稳健设计的轿车侧碰车身B柱轻量化研究[J].机械强度,2016,38(3):502-508.
[12]张国防.多目标优化方法在铲运机工作装置优化中的应用研究[D].合肥:合肥工业大学,2014.
[13]乔鑫,刑如飞,孔繁华,等.某轿车车身正面碰撞安全性能优化[J].沈阳理工大学学报,2012,31(2):54-61.
[14]刘卫国,高云凯,郭其飞,等.基于耐撞性的车身轻量化设计[J].机械设计,2015,32(5):62-66.
[15] HOU S J,DONG D,REN L L,et al.Multivariable crashworthiness optimization of vehicle body by unreplicated saturated factorial design[J].Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization,2012,46(6):891-905.
[16] SUN G Y,LI G Y,ZHOU S W,et al.Crashworthiness design of vehicle by using multiobjective robust optimization[J].Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization,2011,44(1):99-110.
[17]董朵.基于析因设计的汽车车身的多变量抗撞性优化[D].长沙:湖南大学,2012.