基于噪声平衡原理的反激变换器CM传导噪声抵消方法研究
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摘要
在反激变换器中,变压器绕组交错排布有助于减小漏感和绕组损耗,但相邻原、副边绕组间的耦合电容是传输共模(commonmode,CM)噪声电流的主要耦合路径,会引起严重的EMI问题。该文提出一种CM噪声抵消的方法,引入一组平衡绕组,设计平衡绕组与相邻副边绕组间的位移电相互抵消。建立反激变换器CM传导噪声电路模型,给出平衡绕组设计方法,以一台反激变换器为实验对象,测试并对比无屏蔽层、采用传统铜箔屏蔽及加入平衡绕组3种变压器结构下的CM传导噪声。实验结果表明,平衡绕组对CM噪声抑制效果优于无屏蔽层和传统铜箔屏蔽层结构,验证了平衡绕组抵消反激变换器CM噪声的可行性。
In flyback converter, transformer windings are interleaved to reduce leakage inductance and winding losses,but the inter-winding capacitances are the main coupling path of common mode(CM) conducted noise, which can cause severely electromagnetic interference(EMI) problems. To mitigate the CM noise and improve flyback converter power density simultaneously, a group of balance windings were introduced. The displacement current between balance windings and the adjacent secondary winding have the same amplitude and opposite direction, so the CM current that injects across transformer can be cancelled each other. The CM conduction noise model of flyback converter was established,and the design method of balance windings was given. A flyback converter prototype was built, and the CM noise of the flyback converter was measured and compared using three different transformers including without shielding layer, with traditional shielding layers and adding balance windings. The experimental results reveal that the balance windings are superior to without shielding layer and with traditional shielding layers, also verified the effectiveness of the balance windings on cancellation the CM noise.
In flyback converter, transformer windings are interleaved to reduce leakage inductance and winding losses,but the inter-winding capacitances are the main coupling path of common mode(CM) conducted noise, which can cause severely electromagnetic interference(EMI) problems. To mitigate the CM noise and improve flyback converter power density simultaneously, a group of balance windings were introduced. The displacement current between balance windings and the adjacent secondary winding have the same amplitude and opposite direction, so the CM current that injects across transformer can be cancelled each other. The CM conduction noise model of flyback converter was established,and the design method of balance windings was given. A flyback converter prototype was built, and the CM noise of the flyback converter was measured and compared using three different transformers including without shielding layer, with traditional shielding layers and adding balance windings. The experimental results reveal that the balance windings are superior to without shielding layer and with traditional shielding layers, also verified the effectiveness of the balance windings on cancellation the CM noise.
引文
[1]和军平,陈为,姜建国.开关电源共模传导干扰模型的研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(8):50-55.He Junping,Chen Wei,Jiang Jianguo.Model&analysis on common-mode conducted EMI of a switched mode power supply[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2005,25(8):50-55(in Chinese).
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[5]季清,阮新波,叶志红.电流临界连续模式Boost PFC变换器最恶劣传导电磁干扰频谱分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(24):32-41.Ji Qing,Ruan Xinbo,Ye Zhihong.Worst conducted EMIspectrum of the critical conduction mode boost PFCconverter[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(24):32-41(in Chinese).
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[8]Xie Lihong,Ruan Xinbo,Ye Zhihong.Equivalent noise source:an effective method for analyzing common-mode noise in isolated power converters[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2016,63(5):2913-2924.
[9]林苏斌,陈为,董纪清,等.开关电源变压器传导共模EMI磁电综合模型[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(8):2436-2445.Lin Subin,Chen Wei,Dong Jiqing,et al.Magneto-electric composite model of transformer for conducted commonmode EMI in switching-mode power supply[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(8):2436-2445(in Chinese).
[10]董纪清,陈晓威,林苏斌.考虑漏磁特性的变压器电磁干扰特性模型[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(21):143-152.Dong Jiqing,Chen Xiaowei,Lin Subin.Electro-magnetic interference model of transformer considering the leakage magnetic field[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(21):143-152(in Chinese).
[11]Bai Yongjiang,Yang Xu,Zhang Dan,et al.Conducted EMI mitigation schemes in isolated switching-mode power supply without the need of a Y-capacitor[J].IEEETransactions on Power Electronics,2017,32(4):2687-2703.
[12]Mihali F,Kos D.Reduced conductive EMI in switched-mode DC-DC power converters without EMIfilters:PWM versus randomized PWM[J].IEEETransactions on power Electronics,2006,21(6):1783-1794.
[13]Huang Xiucheng,Feng Junjie,Lee F C,et al.Conducted EMI analysis and filter design for MHz active clamp flyback front-end converter[C]//Proceedings of 2016 IEEEApplied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition.Long Beach,CA,USA:IEEE,2016:1534-1540.
[14]Chung H,Hui S Y R,Tse K K.Reduction of EMIemission from power converters using soft-switching technique[C]//Proceedings of the 1996 6th International Conference on Power Electronics and Variable Speed Drives.Nottingham,UK:IET,1996:156-161.
[15]Yang Yuchen,Huang Daocheng,Lee F C,et al.Analysis and reduction of common mode EMI noise for resonant converters[C]//Proceedings of 2014 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition.Fort Worth,TX,USA:IEEE,2014:566-571.
[16]Xie Lihong,Ruan Xinbo,Ji Qing,et al.Shieldingcancelation technique for suppressing common-mode EMIin isolated power converters[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2015,62(5):2814-2822.
[17]Fei Chao,Yang Yuchen,Li Qiang,et al.Shielding technique for planar matrix transformers to suppress common-mode EMI noise and improve efficiency[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2018,65(2):1263-1272.
[18]Kang B-G,Chung S K,Won J S,et al.EMI reduction technique of flyback converter based on capacitance model of transformer with wire shield[C]//Proceedings of the 2015 9th International Conference on Power Electronics and ECCE Asia.Seoul,South Korea:IEEE,2015:163-169.
[19]Cochrane D,Chen D Y,Boroyevic D.Passive cancellation of common-mode noise in power electronic circuits[J].IEEE Transactions on power Electronics,2003,18(3):756-763.
[20]Yang Yuchen,Huang Daocheng,Lee F C,et al.Transformer shielding technique for common mode noise reduction in isolated converters[C]//Proceedings of2013 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition.Denver,CO,USA:IEEE,2013:4149-4153.
[21]Chan Y P,Pong B M Hy,Poon N K,et al.Common-mode noise cancellation in switching-mode power supplies using an equipotential transformer modeling technique[J].IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility,2012,54(3):594-602.
[22]Meng Peipei,Zhang Junming,Chen Henglin,et al.Characterizing noise source and coupling path in Flyback converter for common-mode noise prediction[C]//Proceedings of the 2011 26th Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition.Fort Worth,TX,USA:IEEE,2011:1704-1709.
[23]Li Yiming,Zhang Huan,Wang Shuo,et al.Techniques of the modeling,measurement and reduction of common mode noise for a multi-winding switching transformer[C]//Proceedings of 2017 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition.Tampa,FL,USA:IEEE,2017:2511-2518.
[24]孟进,马伟明,张磊,等.变换器传导电磁干扰集中等效模型参数估计方法[J].电工技术学报,2005,20(6):25-29.Meng Jin,Ma Weiming,Zhang Lei,et al.Parameter estimation of lumped circuit models for conducted EMI in power converters[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2005,20(6):25-29(in Chinese).
[25]Zhang Huan,Wang Shuo,Li Yiming,et al.Two-capacitor transformer winding capacitance models for commonmode EMI noise analysis in isolated DC-DC converters[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2017,32(11):8458-8469.
[2]Wei Cei,Feng Limin,Chen Henglin,et al.Analysis the inductive coupling effects on the differential mode EMI in power converter[C]//Proceedings of the 21st Annual IEEEApplied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition.Dallas,TX,USA:IEEE,2006:1169-1173.
[3]钱照明,陈恒林.电力电子装置电磁兼容研究最新进展[J].电工技术学报,2007,22(7):1-11.Qian Zhaoming,Chen Henglin.State of art of electromagnetic compatibility research on power electronic equipment[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2007,22(7):1-11(in Chinese).
[4]Kim T,Feng Dong,Jang M,et al.Common mode noise analysis for cascaded boost converter with silicon carbide devices[J].IEEE Transactions on power Electronics,2017,32(3):1917-1926.
[5]季清,阮新波,叶志红.电流临界连续模式Boost PFC变换器最恶劣传导电磁干扰频谱分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(24):32-41.Ji Qing,Ruan Xinbo,Ye Zhihong.Worst conducted EMIspectrum of the critical conduction mode boost PFCconverter[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(24):32-41(in Chinese).
[6]Fu Dianbo,Wang Shuo,Kong Pengju,et al.Novel Techniques to suppress the common-mode EMI noise caused by transformer parasitic capacitances in DC-DCconverters[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2013,60(11):4968-4977.
[7]Chu Yongbin,Wang Shuo.A generalized common-mode current cancelation approach for power converters[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2015,62(7):4130-4140.
[8]Xie Lihong,Ruan Xinbo,Ye Zhihong.Equivalent noise source:an effective method for analyzing common-mode noise in isolated power converters[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2016,63(5):2913-2924.
[9]林苏斌,陈为,董纪清,等.开关电源变压器传导共模EMI磁电综合模型[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(8):2436-2445.Lin Subin,Chen Wei,Dong Jiqing,et al.Magneto-electric composite model of transformer for conducted commonmode EMI in switching-mode power supply[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(8):2436-2445(in Chinese).
[10]董纪清,陈晓威,林苏斌.考虑漏磁特性的变压器电磁干扰特性模型[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(21):143-152.Dong Jiqing,Chen Xiaowei,Lin Subin.Electro-magnetic interference model of transformer considering the leakage magnetic field[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(21):143-152(in Chinese).
[11]Bai Yongjiang,Yang Xu,Zhang Dan,et al.Conducted EMI mitigation schemes in isolated switching-mode power supply without the need of a Y-capacitor[J].IEEETransactions on Power Electronics,2017,32(4):2687-2703.
[12]Mihali F,Kos D.Reduced conductive EMI in switched-mode DC-DC power converters without EMIfilters:PWM versus randomized PWM[J].IEEETransactions on power Electronics,2006,21(6):1783-1794.
[13]Huang Xiucheng,Feng Junjie,Lee F C,et al.Conducted EMI analysis and filter design for MHz active clamp flyback front-end converter[C]//Proceedings of 2016 IEEEApplied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition.Long Beach,CA,USA:IEEE,2016:1534-1540.
[14]Chung H,Hui S Y R,Tse K K.Reduction of EMIemission from power converters using soft-switching technique[C]//Proceedings of the 1996 6th International Conference on Power Electronics and Variable Speed Drives.Nottingham,UK:IET,1996:156-161.
[15]Yang Yuchen,Huang Daocheng,Lee F C,et al.Analysis and reduction of common mode EMI noise for resonant converters[C]//Proceedings of 2014 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition.Fort Worth,TX,USA:IEEE,2014:566-571.
[16]Xie Lihong,Ruan Xinbo,Ji Qing,et al.Shieldingcancelation technique for suppressing common-mode EMIin isolated power converters[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2015,62(5):2814-2822.
[17]Fei Chao,Yang Yuchen,Li Qiang,et al.Shielding technique for planar matrix transformers to suppress common-mode EMI noise and improve efficiency[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2018,65(2):1263-1272.
[18]Kang B-G,Chung S K,Won J S,et al.EMI reduction technique of flyback converter based on capacitance model of transformer with wire shield[C]//Proceedings of the 2015 9th International Conference on Power Electronics and ECCE Asia.Seoul,South Korea:IEEE,2015:163-169.
[19]Cochrane D,Chen D Y,Boroyevic D.Passive cancellation of common-mode noise in power electronic circuits[J].IEEE Transactions on power Electronics,2003,18(3):756-763.
[20]Yang Yuchen,Huang Daocheng,Lee F C,et al.Transformer shielding technique for common mode noise reduction in isolated converters[C]//Proceedings of2013 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition.Denver,CO,USA:IEEE,2013:4149-4153.
[21]Chan Y P,Pong B M Hy,Poon N K,et al.Common-mode noise cancellation in switching-mode power supplies using an equipotential transformer modeling technique[J].IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility,2012,54(3):594-602.
[22]Meng Peipei,Zhang Junming,Chen Henglin,et al.Characterizing noise source and coupling path in Flyback converter for common-mode noise prediction[C]//Proceedings of the 2011 26th Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition.Fort Worth,TX,USA:IEEE,2011:1704-1709.
[23]Li Yiming,Zhang Huan,Wang Shuo,et al.Techniques of the modeling,measurement and reduction of common mode noise for a multi-winding switching transformer[C]//Proceedings of 2017 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition.Tampa,FL,USA:IEEE,2017:2511-2518.
[24]孟进,马伟明,张磊,等.变换器传导电磁干扰集中等效模型参数估计方法[J].电工技术学报,2005,20(6):25-29.Meng Jin,Ma Weiming,Zhang Lei,et al.Parameter estimation of lumped circuit models for conducted EMI in power converters[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2005,20(6):25-29(in Chinese).
[25]Zhang Huan,Wang Shuo,Li Yiming,et al.Two-capacitor transformer winding capacitance models for commonmode EMI noise analysis in isolated DC-DC converters[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2017,32(11):8458-8469.