非或低镉污染稻田不同品种稻米镉含量调查
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摘要
目的研究在非(或低)镉污染土壤中27个水稻品种稻米镉含量。方法于2014年4—9月,分别在四川省彭州市2个村选择3块试验田(基地1、2、3),采集土壤和稻米样品,检测土壤pH值、镉(各形态)含量及其风险程度,并测定稻米镉含量。结果基地1、2、3土壤镉含量分别为(0.31±0.09)、(0.22±0.03)、(0.38±0.05)mg/kg,pH值分别为4.61±0.2、5.33±0.3、5.97±0.4;土壤镉的污染指数的顺序依次为基地3(1.27)>基地1(1.03)>基地2(0.73),基地1、3为低风险污染程度土壤,基地2为无风险污染程度土壤。3个基地镉形态的构成比由高至低依次均为弱酸提取态(36.8%~58.7%)>可还原态(22.9%~25.3%)>可氧化态(7.1%~14.1%)>残渣态(11.3%~25.0%)。其中,生物可利用态比例(弱酸提取态+可还原态+可氧化态)的大小顺序为基地1>基地2>基地3。从27个试验品种看,盐粳11号、深两优5814、协优336、蓉18优188、D优158禾、中优31、B优817、泸优908、川江优527、禾优6号、D优128、辐优151、宜香99E-4、Q优6号、硕丰2号、冈优900、中9优1254共17个品种稻米中镉含量依次为基地1>基地2>基地3,泸优9803、川丰6号、蓉18优198、宜香3728、龙优8号、冈优177、天龙8优177共7个品种稻米中镉含量为基地1、2>基地3,富优1号、川香425、中优85共3个品种稻米中镉含量为基地1>基地2、3,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对于非(或低)镉污染稻田土壤,稻米镉污染除与土壤镉污染程度相关外,与土壤pH和水稻品种也有重要关联。
Objective To know the cadmium(Cd) concent of 27 rice cultivars from uncontaminated or lightly cadmium-contaminated paddy fields. Methods Cultivation test of 27 rice cultivars were performed in three experimental plot(base1,2,3), with or without low Cd contamination in soil,selected from two counties in Pengzhou,Sichuan, from April to September in2014.Soil and harvested rice cultivars were sampled for determination of p H,Cd(speciation) concentration in soil and estimation on their environmental risk,as well as determination of Cd concentration in rice. Results The Cd levels were(0.31±0.09),(0.22±0.03),(0.38±0.05) mg/kg, p H 4.61, 5.33 and 5.97 in soils of Base 1,Base 2, Base 3, respectively, Base 1 [index of Cd pollution(PCd: 1.03)] and Base 3(PCd: 1.27) revealed low risk, Base 2(PCd: 0.73) no risk.The average proportion of different speciation of Cd in the three bases ranked as: acid extractable(36.8%-58.7%)>reducible(22.9%-25.3%)>oxidizable(7.1%-14.1%)>residual(11.3%-25.0%).The average proportion of bioavailable Cd,including acid extractable, reducible, and oxidizable,ranked as:Base 1 > Base 2 > Base 3.The Cd levels in 17 rice cultivars,such as Yanjing11, Shenliangyou5814, Xieyou336,Rong18 you188, D you158 he, Zhongyou31, B you817, Luyou908, Chuanjiangyou 527, Heyou No.6, D you128, Fuyou151,Yixiang 99 E-4, Q you No.6, Shoufeng No.2, Gangyou900, and Zhong9 you1254, ranked as:Base 1 >Base 2 >Base 3; And in other seven rice cultivars,such as Luyou9803, Chuanfeng No.6, Rong18 you 198, Yixiang3728, Longyou No.8, Gangyou177, and Tianlong8 you 177 ranked as:Base 1, 2 > Base 3;While in rest three rice cultivars,such as Fuyou No.1, Chuanxiang425, and Zhongyou85 ranked as Base 1 > Base2, 3; The regional difference had statistical significance(P <0.05). Conclusion In the tested paddy soil with or without low Cd contamination, Cd contamination in rice is highly related to levels of Cd, p H in soil and rice cultivars.
Objective To know the cadmium(Cd) concent of 27 rice cultivars from uncontaminated or lightly cadmium-contaminated paddy fields. Methods Cultivation test of 27 rice cultivars were performed in three experimental plot(base1,2,3), with or without low Cd contamination in soil,selected from two counties in Pengzhou,Sichuan, from April to September in2014.Soil and harvested rice cultivars were sampled for determination of p H,Cd(speciation) concentration in soil and estimation on their environmental risk,as well as determination of Cd concentration in rice. Results The Cd levels were(0.31±0.09),(0.22±0.03),(0.38±0.05) mg/kg, p H 4.61, 5.33 and 5.97 in soils of Base 1,Base 2, Base 3, respectively, Base 1 [index of Cd pollution(PCd: 1.03)] and Base 3(PCd: 1.27) revealed low risk, Base 2(PCd: 0.73) no risk.The average proportion of different speciation of Cd in the three bases ranked as: acid extractable(36.8%-58.7%)>reducible(22.9%-25.3%)>oxidizable(7.1%-14.1%)>residual(11.3%-25.0%).The average proportion of bioavailable Cd,including acid extractable, reducible, and oxidizable,ranked as:Base 1 > Base 2 > Base 3.The Cd levels in 17 rice cultivars,such as Yanjing11, Shenliangyou5814, Xieyou336,Rong18 you188, D you158 he, Zhongyou31, B you817, Luyou908, Chuanjiangyou 527, Heyou No.6, D you128, Fuyou151,Yixiang 99 E-4, Q you No.6, Shoufeng No.2, Gangyou900, and Zhong9 you1254, ranked as:Base 1 >Base 2 >Base 3; And in other seven rice cultivars,such as Luyou9803, Chuanfeng No.6, Rong18 you 198, Yixiang3728, Longyou No.8, Gangyou177, and Tianlong8 you 177 ranked as:Base 1, 2 > Base 3;While in rest three rice cultivars,such as Fuyou No.1, Chuanxiang425, and Zhongyou85 ranked as Base 1 > Base2, 3; The regional difference had statistical significance(P <0.05). Conclusion In the tested paddy soil with or without low Cd contamination, Cd contamination in rice is highly related to levels of Cd, p H in soil and rice cultivars.
引文
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[11]史锟,张福锁,刘学军,等.不同时期施铁对水稻根表铁胶膜中铁镉含量及根系含镉量的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2004,23(1):6-12.
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[13]纪雄辉,梁永超,鲁艳红,等.污染稻田水分管理对水稻吸收积累镉的影响及其作用机理[J].生态学报,2007,27(9):3930-3939.
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[15]Akamatsu S,Yoshioka N,Mitsuhashi T.Sensitive determination of cadmium in brown rice and spinach by flame atomic absorption spectrometry with solid-phase extraction[J].Food Addit Contam A,2012,29,1969-1700.
[16]周娅,杨定清,张东,等.成都平原部分地区农田土壤和稻米中镉含量及形态分布[J].环境与健康杂志,2015,32(7):614-616.
[17]潘杨,赵玉杰,周其文,等.南方稻区土壤p H变化对稻米吸收镉的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2015,43(16):235-238.
[18]刘昭兵,纪雄辉,王国祥,等.赤泥对Cd污稻田水稻生长及吸收累积Cd的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2010,29(4):692-697.
[19]甲卡拉铁,喻华,冯文强,等.淹水条件下不同氮磷钾肥对土壤p H和镉有效性的影响研究[J].环境科学,2009,30(11):3414-3421.
[20]叶新新,孙波.品种和土壤对水稻镉吸收的影响及镉生物有效性预测模型研究进展[J].土壤,2012,44(3):360-365.
[21]王其枫,王富华,孙芳芳,等.广东韶关主要矿区周边农田土壤铅、镉的形态分布及生物有效性研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2012,31(6):1097-1103.
[22]王凯荣,张玉烛,胡荣桂.不同土壤改良剂对降低重金属污染土壤上水稻糙米铅镉含量的作用[J].农业环境科学学报,2007,26(2):476-481.
[23]Oliver DP,Gartrell JW,Tiller KG,et al.Differential responses of Australian wheat cultivars to cadmium concentration in wheat grain[J].Aust J Agric Res,1995,46:873-886.
[24]朱智伟,陈铭学,牟仁祥,等.水稻镉代谢与控制研究进展[J].中国农业科学,2014,47(18):3633-3640.
[25]宋阿琳,娄运生,梁永超.不同水稻品种对铜镉的吸收与耐性研究[J].农业资源与环境科学,2006,22(9):408-411.
[26]龚伟群,李恋卿,潘根兴.杂交水稻对Cd的吸收与籽粒积累:土壤和品种的交互影响[J].环境科学,2006,27(8):1647-1653.
[2]钟格梅,唐振柱.我国环境中镉、铅、砷污染及其对暴露人群健康影响的研究进展[J].环境与健康杂志,2006,23(6):562-565.
[3]Eneman JD,Potts RJ,Osier M,et al.Suppressed oxidant induced apoptosis in cadmium adapted alveolar epithelial cells and its potential involvement in cadmium carcinogenesis[J].Toxicology,2000,147:215-228.
[4]郑陶,李廷轩,张锡洲,等.水稻镉高积累品种对镉的富集特性[J].中国生态农业学报,2013,46(7):1492-1500.
[5]张红振,骆永明,章海波,等.土壤环境质量指导值与标准研究Ⅴ.镉在土壤-作物系统中的富集规律与农产品质量安全[J].土壤学报,2010,47(4):628-638.
[6]欧阳喜辉,赵玉杰,刘凤枝,等.不同种类蔬菜对土壤镉吸收能力的研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2007,27(1):67-70.
[7]安宁,范明生,张福锁.水稻最佳作物管理技术的增产增效作用[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(4):846-852.
[8]龚伟群,潘根兴.中国水稻生产中Cd吸收及其健康风险的有关问题[J].科技导报,2006,24(5):43-48.
[9]张锡洲,张洪江,李廷轩,等.水稻镉耐性差异及镉低积累种质资源的筛选[J].中国生态农业学报,2013,21(11):1434-1440.
[10]衣纯真,傅桂平,张福锁.不同钾肥对水稻镉吸收和运移的影响[J].中国农业大学学报,1996,1(3):65-70.
[11]史锟,张福锁,刘学军,等.不同时期施铁对水稻根表铁胶膜中铁镉含量及根系含镉量的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2004,23(1):6-12.
[12]陈喆,铁柏清,刘孝利,等.改良-农艺综合措施对水稻吸收积累镉的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2013,32(7):1302-1308.
[13]纪雄辉,梁永超,鲁艳红,等.污染稻田水分管理对水稻吸收积累镉的影响及其作用机理[J].生态学报,2007,27(9):3930-3939.
[14]杜森,高祥照,李昆,等.土壤分析技术规范[M].2版.北京:中国农业出版社,2006:73-74.
[15]Akamatsu S,Yoshioka N,Mitsuhashi T.Sensitive determination of cadmium in brown rice and spinach by flame atomic absorption spectrometry with solid-phase extraction[J].Food Addit Contam A,2012,29,1969-1700.
[16]周娅,杨定清,张东,等.成都平原部分地区农田土壤和稻米中镉含量及形态分布[J].环境与健康杂志,2015,32(7):614-616.
[17]潘杨,赵玉杰,周其文,等.南方稻区土壤p H变化对稻米吸收镉的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2015,43(16):235-238.
[18]刘昭兵,纪雄辉,王国祥,等.赤泥对Cd污稻田水稻生长及吸收累积Cd的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2010,29(4):692-697.
[19]甲卡拉铁,喻华,冯文强,等.淹水条件下不同氮磷钾肥对土壤p H和镉有效性的影响研究[J].环境科学,2009,30(11):3414-3421.
[20]叶新新,孙波.品种和土壤对水稻镉吸收的影响及镉生物有效性预测模型研究进展[J].土壤,2012,44(3):360-365.
[21]王其枫,王富华,孙芳芳,等.广东韶关主要矿区周边农田土壤铅、镉的形态分布及生物有效性研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2012,31(6):1097-1103.
[22]王凯荣,张玉烛,胡荣桂.不同土壤改良剂对降低重金属污染土壤上水稻糙米铅镉含量的作用[J].农业环境科学学报,2007,26(2):476-481.
[23]Oliver DP,Gartrell JW,Tiller KG,et al.Differential responses of Australian wheat cultivars to cadmium concentration in wheat grain[J].Aust J Agric Res,1995,46:873-886.
[24]朱智伟,陈铭学,牟仁祥,等.水稻镉代谢与控制研究进展[J].中国农业科学,2014,47(18):3633-3640.
[25]宋阿琳,娄运生,梁永超.不同水稻品种对铜镉的吸收与耐性研究[J].农业资源与环境科学,2006,22(9):408-411.
[26]龚伟群,李恋卿,潘根兴.杂交水稻对Cd的吸收与籽粒积累:土壤和品种的交互影响[J].环境科学,2006,27(8):1647-1653.