固态同位素β源选择对直充式核电池性能的影响
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摘要
直充式核电池具有工作寿命长、结构简单、开路电压高、易微型化等优点,具有广泛的应用前景。目前,国内外对直充式核电池同位素源的选择多集中在同位素β源,尚未对不同同位素β源进行系统的分析对比。针对此问题,通过理论计算及SuperMC建模处理,研究了~3H(Ti~3H_2)、~(14)C,~(35)S,~(45)Ca,~(63)Ni及~(147)Pm六种固态同位素β源对直充式核电池的能量转换效率及理论输出功率的影响。结果显示,能量转换效率随源衰变粒子平均能量的升高而增大;理论输出功率及功率密度与源半衰期成反比。综合工作寿命、输出功率及能量转换效率,建议选用~(147)Pm同位素源。
Direct charge radioisotope battery having the advantages of long service lifetime,simple structure,high open circuit voltage and easily miniaturized,is a promising source for the great power of Micro-ElectroMechanical System.Although the beta sources are the main choice for direct charge nuclear battery in the present studies,but no systematic analysis and comparison on beta sources is presented.In this work,the properties of six beta sources(including~3H(Ti~3H_2),~(14)C,~(35)S,~(45)Ca,~(63)Ni and~(147)Pm)were studied by software simulation and theoretical calculation.This study includes the differences of energy conversion efficiency and the theoretical output power for direct charge nuclear battery.The calculated results showed that the energy conversion efficiency was positively correlated with the average energy of emitted radioactive particles,and the theoretical output power was negatively correlated with half-life of beta source.~(147)Pm was the preferred choice considering long life,the energy conversion efficiency and the theoretical output power.
Direct charge radioisotope battery having the advantages of long service lifetime,simple structure,high open circuit voltage and easily miniaturized,is a promising source for the great power of Micro-ElectroMechanical System.Although the beta sources are the main choice for direct charge nuclear battery in the present studies,but no systematic analysis and comparison on beta sources is presented.In this work,the properties of six beta sources(including~3H(Ti~3H_2),~(14)C,~(35)S,~(45)Ca,~(63)Ni and~(147)Pm)were studied by software simulation and theoretical calculation.This study includes the differences of energy conversion efficiency and the theoretical output power for direct charge nuclear battery.The calculated results showed that the energy conversion efficiency was positively correlated with the average energy of emitted radioactive particles,and the theoretical output power was negatively correlated with half-life of beta source.~(147)Pm was the preferred choice considering long life,the energy conversion efficiency and the theoretical output power.
引文
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[7]OU Pin,ZHOU Jianliang,ZUO Guoping,et al.Nuclear Technology,2011,34(11):872.(in Chinese).(欧频,周剑良,左国平,等.核技术,2011,34(11):872.)
[8]WU Yican.Fusion Science and Technology,2018,74:321.
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[10]WU Yican,FDS Team.Fusion Engineering and Design,2009,84(7-11):1987.
[11]WU Yican,SONG Jing,HU Liqin,et al.Nuclear Science and Engineering,2016,36(01):62.(in Chinese)(吴宜灿,宋婧,胡丽琴,等.核科学与工程,2016,36(01):62.)
[12]WU Yican,LIU Chao,SONG Gang.Nuclear Science and Engineering,2016,36(1):77.
[13]LINDER E G,CHRISRIAN S M.Journal of Applied Physics,1952,23(11):1213.
[14]BOWER K E,BARBANEL Y A,SHRETER Y G,et al.Polymers,Phosphors,and Voltaics for Radioisotope Microbatteries[M].Florida:CRC Press,2002.
[15]LI Deping,PAN Ziqiang.Handbook of Radiation Protection.Volume 1,Radiation Sources and Shielding[M].Beijing:Atomic Energy Press,1987:114.(in Chinese).(李德平,潘自强.辐射防护手册.第一分册,辐射源与屏蔽[M].北京:原子能出版社,1987:114.)
[16]KAVETSKIY A,YAKUBOVA G,YOUSAF S M,et al.Applied Radiation&Isotopes,2011,69(2):744.
[17]ZHOU Yu,QI Rui,FAN Xiong,et al.Material Analysis Method[M].Beijing:China Machine Press,2011:183.(in Chinese)(周玉,漆璿,范雄,等.材料分析方法[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2011:183.)
[18]SEILER H.Scanning,1978,1(3):195.
[19]CHEN Shipu,WANG Yongrui.Metal Electron Microanalysis[M].Shanghai:China Machine Press,1989:156.(in Chinese)(陈世朴,王永瑞.金属电子显微分析[M].上海:机械工业出版社,1989:156.)
[20]LU Xiting.Nuclear Physics[M].Revised ed.Beijing:Atomic Energy Press,2000.(卢希庭.原子核物理[M].修订版.北京:原子能出版社,2000.)
[21]LIU Yunpeng,TANG Xiaobin,DING Ding,et al.Journal of Atomic Energy Science and Technology,2012,46(b09):611.(in Chinese)(刘云鹏,汤晓斌,丁丁,等.原子能科学技术,2012,46(b09):611.)
[22]HU Hanquan,LI changquan,CHEN Peijing,et al.Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology,1983(2):79.(in Chinese)(胡汉泉,李昌全,陈丕瑾,等.真空科学与技术学报,1983(2):79.)
[23]WANG Xiaoyu,HAN Yuncheng,ZHANG Jiachen,et al.Nucl Instr and Meth A,2019,927:343.
[24]LIU Xueque.Cathodic Electronics[M].Beijing:Science Press,1980:171.(in Chinese)(刘学悫.阴极电子学[M].北京:科学出版社,1980:171.)