渤海南部火山岩发育区断裂—岩浆联合控藏机理与勘探实践
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摘要
长期以来,渤海南部火山岩发育区的勘探存在诸多挑战:地震资料品质差,有利圈闭目标刻画难度大;储层埋深大,优质储层成因机理研究薄弱;地质条件复杂,油气成藏机理认识不清。针对上述地质难题,通过系统开展新生界火山岩三维定量精细刻画和火山岩发育区变速构造校正成图,真实还原了火山岩下构造原貌,为精细构造解释提供了可靠依据。通过开展火山岩发育区成藏地质条件精细解剖,提出"断裂—岩浆"联合控制坡隆构造带的形成及规模性圈闭的发育、岩浆活动时空有序分布有利于深部优质储层发育、"断裂—岩浆"时空有序配置控制火山岩发育区的油气差异富集。以此为指导,首次在黄河口凹陷南部斜坡带火山岩发育区发现了渤中34-X大型优质油田。
Exploration in the volcanic rock zone in South Bohai Sea has been facing many challenges: poor seismic data, difficult characterization of target traps, deeply buried reservoirs, less researches on the development mechanism of high-quality reservoirs, complex geological conditions, and unclear hydrocarbon accumulation mechanism. Systematical 3 D quantitative description of the Cenozoic volcanic rock and structural correction imaging with variable interval velocity have restored the original structure under the volcanic rock and provided a reliable basis for fine structural interpretation. Based on fine delineation of the hydrocarbon accumulation conditions in the volcanic rock zone, it is proposed that the combined control of faulting and magmatic activities determines the formation of the slope-bulge belt and the development of large-scale traps; the orderly spatial-temporal distribution of magmatic activities is conducive to the development of deep reservoirs; and the orderly spatial-temporal configuration of "fault and magma" controls the differential hydrocarbon accumulation. Guided by these understandings, the first large-scale high-quality oilfield, BZ34-X, was discovered in the volcanic rock zone of the southern slope in the Huanghekou sag.
Exploration in the volcanic rock zone in South Bohai Sea has been facing many challenges: poor seismic data, difficult characterization of target traps, deeply buried reservoirs, less researches on the development mechanism of high-quality reservoirs, complex geological conditions, and unclear hydrocarbon accumulation mechanism. Systematical 3 D quantitative description of the Cenozoic volcanic rock and structural correction imaging with variable interval velocity have restored the original structure under the volcanic rock and provided a reliable basis for fine structural interpretation. Based on fine delineation of the hydrocarbon accumulation conditions in the volcanic rock zone, it is proposed that the combined control of faulting and magmatic activities determines the formation of the slope-bulge belt and the development of large-scale traps; the orderly spatial-temporal distribution of magmatic activities is conducive to the development of deep reservoirs; and the orderly spatial-temporal configuration of "fault and magma" controls the differential hydrocarbon accumulation. Guided by these understandings, the first large-scale high-quality oilfield, BZ34-X, was discovered in the volcanic rock zone of the southern slope in the Huanghekou sag.
引文
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[18]金之钧,朱东亚,胡文瑄,张学丰,王毅,闫相宾.塔里木盆地热液活动地质地球化学特征及其对储层影响[J].地质学报,2006,80(2):245-253.Jin Zhijun,Zhu Dongya,Hu Wenxuan,Zhang Xuefeng,Wang Yi,Yan Xiangbin.Geological and geochemical signatures of hydrothermal activity and their influence on carbonate reservoir beds in the Tarim Basin[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2006,80(2):245-253.
[19]宋占东,查明,赵卫卫,周宇成.惠民凹陷阳信洼陷火成岩及其对油气成藏的影响[J].中国石油大学学报:自然科学版,2007,31(2):1-8.Song Zhandong,Zha Ming,Zhao Weiwei,Zhou Yucheng.Characteristics of igneous rocks and their effects on hydrocarbon accumulation in Yangxin subsag of Huim in sag[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum:2007:31(2):1-8.
[20]Bakulin A,Grechka V,Tsvankin I.Estimation of fracture parameters from reflection seismic data-part II:fractured models with orthorhombic symmetry[J].Geophysics,2000,65(6):1818-1830.
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[22]Davies R,Bell B R,Cartwright J A,Shoulders S.Threedimensional seismic imaging of Paleogene dike-fed submarine volcanoes from the northeast Atlantic margin[J].Geology,2002,30(3):223-226.
[23]郎晓玲,韩龙,王世瑞,陈树民,姜传金.XB地区火山岩岩相划分及储层精细刻画[J].石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(2):272-277.Lang Xiaoling,Han Long,Wang Shirui,Chen Shumin,Jiang Chuanjin.Lithofacies classification and reservoir delineation for volcanic rock in XB area[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2010,45(2):272-277.
[24]夏步余,谌廷姗.地震技术在火成岩发育区开发中的应用[J].石油物探,2002,41(4):461-465.Xia Buyu,Chen Tingshan.Application of seismic methods in the development of igneous rock reservoirs[J].Geophysical Prospecting For Petrole,2002,41(4):461-465.
[25]徐颖新,喻林,孙立志,裴利红,张锦,谢亮,等.火山岩体识别技术在辽东凹陷的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2012,47(增刊1):40-44.Xu Yingxin,Yu Lin,Sun Lizhi,Pei Lihong,Zhang Jin,Xie Liang,et al.Volcanic rock identification in Liaodong sag[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2012,47(Supp.1):40-44.
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[27]Feng Z Q.Volcanic rocks as prolific gas reservoir:a case study from the Qingshen gas field in the Songliao Basin,NE China[J].Marine&Petroleum Geology,2008,25(4-5):416-432.
[28]Jr F C K,Keller J B.Elastic Wave Propagation in Homogeneous and Inhomogeneous Media[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1959,31(2):192-205.
[2]Shen Y,Zeng Q,Liu T.Tanlu fault zone and gold ore metallogenesis[J].Journal of Geoscientific Research in Northeast Asia,2002,5(1):176-190.
[3]朱红涛,刘依梦,王永利,周心怀,杨香华.渤海湾盆地黄河口凹陷BZ34-9区带火山岩三维刻画及火山喷发期次[J].地球科学——中国地质大学学报,2014,39(9):1309-1316.Zhu Hongtao,Liu Yimeng,Wang Yongli,Zhou Xinhuai,Yang Xianghua.Volcanic eruption phases and 3-D characterization of volcanic rocks in BZ34-9 block of Huanghekou sag,Bohai Bay Basin[J].Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences,2014,39(9):1309-1316.
[4]牛漫兰,朱光,刘国生,宋传中,王道轩.郯庐断裂带中—南段新生代火山活动与深部过程[J].地质科学,2005,40(3):390-403.Niu Manlan,Zhu Guang,Liu Guosheng,Song Chuanzhong,Wang Daoxuan.Cenozoic volcanic activities and deep processes in the middle-south sector of the Tan-lu fault zone[J].Chinese Journal of Geology,2005,40(3):390-403.
[5]周心怀,胡志伟,韦阿娟,王昕.渤海海域蓬莱9-1大型复合油田潜山发育演化及其控藏作用[J].大地构造与成矿学,2015(4):680-690.Zhou Xinhuai,Hu Zhiwei,Wei Ajuan,Wang Xin.Tectonic origin and evolution and their controls on accumulation of Penglai 9-1 large composite oilfield buried hill in Bohai Sea[J].Geotectonica et Metallogenia,2015(4):680-690.
[6]张宏国,王昕,官大勇,刘朋波.渤海海域蓬莱9-A油田输导脊研究及应用[J].中国石油勘探,2018,23(4):51-57.Zhang Hongguo,Wang Xin,Guan Dayong,Liu Pengbo.Research and application of transport ridges in Penglai 9-A oilfield in Bohai Sea[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2018,23(4):51-57.
[7]周心怀,王德英,张新涛.渤海海域石臼坨凸起两个亿吨级隐蔽油气藏勘探实践与启示[J].中国石油勘探,2016,21(4):30-37.Zhou Xinhuai,Wang Deying,Zhang Xintao.Two 100million-ton class subtle reservoirs in Shijiutuo uplift,Bohai Sea-exploration practices and enlightenments[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2016,21(4):30-37.
[8]黄胜兵,刘丽芳,吴克强,陈少平,姜雪,郝婧.渤海海域沙垒田凸起西段花岗岩潜山优质储层形成控制因素及综合预测[J].中国石油勘探,2017,22(4):108-115.Huang Shengbing,Liu Lifang,Wu Keqiang,Chen Shaoping,Jiang Xue,Hao Jing.Control factors and comprehensive prediction of granite buried hill reservoirs in western segment of Shaleitian bulge,Bohai Sea[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2017,22(4):108-115.
[9]魏星,孙寅森.南堡凹陷火山岩岩相对储层的控制作用[J].特种油气藏,2017,24(1):27-31.Wei Xing,Sun Yinsen.Control of lithofacies of volcanic rocks over reservoirs in the Nanpu sag[J].Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2017,24(1):27-31.
[10]赵静,白连德.松辽盆地南部火山岩优质储层主控因素[J].特种油气藏,2016,23(3):52-56.Zhao Jing,Bai Liande.Main controlling factors of high-quality volcanic reservoir in southern Songliao Basin[J].Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2016,23(3):52-56.
[11]薛永安,杨海风,徐长贵.渤海海域黄河口凹陷斜坡带差异控藏作用及油气富集规律[J].中国石油勘探,2016,21(4):65-74.Xue Yongan,Yang Haifeng,Xu Changgui.Differential reservoir-controlling effect and hydrocarbon enrichment of slope zone in Huanghekou sag,Bohai Bay Basin[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2016,21(4):65-74.
[12]温宏雷,邓辉,李正宇,高雁飞,孙藏军,郭轩.渤海海域新近系明化镇组断裂控藏作用定量评价——以黄河口凹陷中央构造脊为例[J].油气地质与采收率,2017,24(4):36-42.Wen Honglei,Deng Hui,Li Zhengyu,Gao Yanfei,Sun Cangjun,Guo Xuan.Quantitative evaluation of control effect of faults on hydrocarbon accumulation in the Minghuazhen Formation,Bohai Sea:a case study of central structural ridge in Huanghekou sag[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2017,24(4):36-42.
[13]邓运华.渤海湾盆地上第三系油藏形成与勘探[J].中国海上油气(地质),2000,14(3):20-24.Deng Yunhua.Neogene oil accumulations and their exploration in Bohai Bay Basin[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas(Geology),2000,14(3):20-24.
[14]万丛礼,金强,李钜源,缪俊茜.裂谷盆地岩浆活动控制油气概论[J].油气地质与采收率,2014,21(1):1-5.Wan Congli,Jin Qiang,Li Juyuan,Liao Junxi.Outline on magmatic activities controlling oil-gas theory in rift basins[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2014,21(1):1-5.
[15]Burchette T P.Unconformities and porosity in carbonate strata[J].Marine&Petroleum Geology,1996,13(5):596-597.
[16]冯乔,汤锡元.岩浆活动对油气藏形成条件的影响[J].地质科技情报,1997,16(4):60-66.Feng Qiao,Tang Xiyuan.Magma activity’s influence on conditions fouming oil and gas pools[J].Geological Science and Technology Information,1997,16(4):60-66.
[17]田建锋,陈振林,杨友运.自生绿泥石对砂岩储层孔隙的保护机理[J].地质科技情报,2008,27(4):49-54.Tian Jianfeng,Chen Zhenlin,Yang Youyun.Protection mechanism of authigenic chlorite on sandstone reservoir pores[J].Geological Science and Technology Information,2008,27(4):49-54.
[18]金之钧,朱东亚,胡文瑄,张学丰,王毅,闫相宾.塔里木盆地热液活动地质地球化学特征及其对储层影响[J].地质学报,2006,80(2):245-253.Jin Zhijun,Zhu Dongya,Hu Wenxuan,Zhang Xuefeng,Wang Yi,Yan Xiangbin.Geological and geochemical signatures of hydrothermal activity and their influence on carbonate reservoir beds in the Tarim Basin[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2006,80(2):245-253.
[19]宋占东,查明,赵卫卫,周宇成.惠民凹陷阳信洼陷火成岩及其对油气成藏的影响[J].中国石油大学学报:自然科学版,2007,31(2):1-8.Song Zhandong,Zha Ming,Zhao Weiwei,Zhou Yucheng.Characteristics of igneous rocks and their effects on hydrocarbon accumulation in Yangxin subsag of Huim in sag[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum:2007:31(2):1-8.
[20]Bakulin A,Grechka V,Tsvankin I.Estimation of fracture parameters from reflection seismic data-part II:fractured models with orthorhombic symmetry[J].Geophysics,2000,65(6):1818-1830.
[21]Cerveny V.Seismic ray theory[M].London:Cambridge University Press,2001:14.
[22]Davies R,Bell B R,Cartwright J A,Shoulders S.Threedimensional seismic imaging of Paleogene dike-fed submarine volcanoes from the northeast Atlantic margin[J].Geology,2002,30(3):223-226.
[23]郎晓玲,韩龙,王世瑞,陈树民,姜传金.XB地区火山岩岩相划分及储层精细刻画[J].石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(2):272-277.Lang Xiaoling,Han Long,Wang Shirui,Chen Shumin,Jiang Chuanjin.Lithofacies classification and reservoir delineation for volcanic rock in XB area[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2010,45(2):272-277.
[24]夏步余,谌廷姗.地震技术在火成岩发育区开发中的应用[J].石油物探,2002,41(4):461-465.Xia Buyu,Chen Tingshan.Application of seismic methods in the development of igneous rock reservoirs[J].Geophysical Prospecting For Petrole,2002,41(4):461-465.
[25]徐颖新,喻林,孙立志,裴利红,张锦,谢亮,等.火山岩体识别技术在辽东凹陷的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2012,47(增刊1):40-44.Xu Yingxin,Yu Lin,Sun Lizhi,Pei Lihong,Zhang Jin,Xie Liang,et al.Volcanic rock identification in Liaodong sag[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2012,47(Supp.1):40-44.
[26]Einsele G.Sedimentary Basins:Evolution,Facies,and Sediment Budget[M].Berlin:Springer-Verlag,2000.
[27]Feng Z Q.Volcanic rocks as prolific gas reservoir:a case study from the Qingshen gas field in the Songliao Basin,NE China[J].Marine&Petroleum Geology,2008,25(4-5):416-432.
[28]Jr F C K,Keller J B.Elastic Wave Propagation in Homogeneous and Inhomogeneous Media[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1959,31(2):192-205.