环境因子对铁皮石斛生长发育及药效成分含量的影响
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摘要
目的:研究环境因子对铁皮石斛生长发育及药效成分含量的影响,探索其高产优质的人工栽培条件。方法:通过室内模拟正交试验,设置了不同光照、温度、湿度、营养水平的生长条件,培养4个月后,采用叶绿素荧光仪、比色法等方法测量了铁皮石斛的生物量、形态特征、叶绿素荧光参数及多糖、黄酮和生物碱的含量等指标。结果:在本次试验参数范围内,光照是影响生物量、多糖和叶绿素含量的首要因子,高光照(21 600 Lx)有利于生物量的积累,而低光照(2 400 Lx)则会增加叶绿素和多糖含量。空气湿度是影响茎粗、分蘖数、ETR_(max)、F_v/F_m和生物碱、黄酮含量的重要因子,中等水平湿度(昼/夜湿度80%/65%)有利于以上形态指标和叶绿素荧光参数,而低湿度(昼/夜湿度70%/55%)则有利于生物碱和黄酮的积累。温度是影响株高的主要因子,高温(昼/夜温度28℃/13℃)有利于株高的生长。此外,营养成分虽然显著影响了大部分的指标参数,但均不是最主要影响因子。结论:综合产量和品质分析,昼/夜温度28℃/13℃、昼/夜湿度80%/65%为铁皮石斛适宜的生长条件,但21 600 Lx高光照有利于其提高生物量,而2 400 Lx低光照则更有利于提高其多糖含量。该研究结果为人工规模化高效栽培铁皮石斛提供科学依据。
Objective:To study the effects of environmental factors on the growth and development and effective component contents of Dendrobium officinale,and to explore the aritificial cultivation conditions of high quality and high yield.Methods:The growth conditions of different light,temperature,humidity and nutrition levels were set through the simulated orthogonal experiment in the laboratory.After four months of culture,the biomass,morphological character,hlorophyll fluorescence parameters and the contents of polysaccharides,flavonoids and alkaloids were detected by chlorophyll fluoromet,colorimetry,etc.Results:Within the parameters of this experiment,light intensity was the primary factor affecting biomass,polysaccharide and chlorophyll contents,the high intensity light(21 600 Lx)was beneficial to the accumulation of biomass,low intensity light(2 400 Lx) increased chlorophyll and polysaccharide contents.The air humidity was the primary factor affecting stem diameter,tiller number,ETR_(max),F_v/F_m and the contents of alkaloids and flavonoids,and the middle humidity(day/night humidity of 80%/65%)was beneficial to the above morphological indexes and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters,low humidity(day/night humidity of 70%/55%)was associated with the accumulation of alkaloids and flavonoids.Temperature was the main factor affecting plant height.The high temperature(day/night temperature of 28 ℃/13 ℃)promoted the growth of plant height.Moreover,nutrients had significant effects on most indicator parameters,but it was not the most important factor.Conclusion:Comprehensive yield and quality analysis,temperature(day/night temperature of 28 ℃/13 ℃)and relative humidity(day/night humidity of 80%/65%)are suitable growth conditions of Dendrobium officinale.However,the high intensity light(21 600 Lx)is beneficial to biomass increase,and the low intensity light(2 400 Lx)is more beneficial to improve polysaccharide content.The study can provide a scientific basis for the cultivation of Dendrobium officinale on artificial scale and efficiency.
Objective:To study the effects of environmental factors on the growth and development and effective component contents of Dendrobium officinale,and to explore the aritificial cultivation conditions of high quality and high yield.Methods:The growth conditions of different light,temperature,humidity and nutrition levels were set through the simulated orthogonal experiment in the laboratory.After four months of culture,the biomass,morphological character,hlorophyll fluorescence parameters and the contents of polysaccharides,flavonoids and alkaloids were detected by chlorophyll fluoromet,colorimetry,etc.Results:Within the parameters of this experiment,light intensity was the primary factor affecting biomass,polysaccharide and chlorophyll contents,the high intensity light(21 600 Lx)was beneficial to the accumulation of biomass,low intensity light(2 400 Lx) increased chlorophyll and polysaccharide contents.The air humidity was the primary factor affecting stem diameter,tiller number,ETR_(max),F_v/F_m and the contents of alkaloids and flavonoids,and the middle humidity(day/night humidity of 80%/65%)was beneficial to the above morphological indexes and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters,low humidity(day/night humidity of 70%/55%)was associated with the accumulation of alkaloids and flavonoids.Temperature was the main factor affecting plant height.The high temperature(day/night temperature of 28 ℃/13 ℃)promoted the growth of plant height.Moreover,nutrients had significant effects on most indicator parameters,but it was not the most important factor.Conclusion:Comprehensive yield and quality analysis,temperature(day/night temperature of 28 ℃/13 ℃)and relative humidity(day/night humidity of 80%/65%)are suitable growth conditions of Dendrobium officinale.However,the high intensity light(21 600 Lx)is beneficial to biomass increase,and the low intensity light(2 400 Lx)is more beneficial to improve polysaccharide content.The study can provide a scientific basis for the cultivation of Dendrobium officinale on artificial scale and efficiency.
引文
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[3] Zhang JX,He CM,Wu KL,et al.Transcriptome analysis of Dendrobium officinale and its application to the identification of genes associated with polysaccharide synthesis[J].Front Plant Sci,2016,7:5.
[4] Shen CJ,Hong G,Chen HL,et al.Identification and analysis of genes associated with the synthesis of bioactive constituents in Dendrobium officinale using RNA-Seq[J].Sci Rep,2017,7(1):187-198.
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[6] 李文涛,黄林芳,杜静,等.基于PLS分析石斛品质与生态因子的相关性[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(10):2787-2792.
[7] 唐丽,李菁,龙华,等.生态因子对铁皮石斛生长发育影响的研究进展[J].中药材,2014,37(1):153-156.
[8] 官雨洁,李丽容,刘寿东.树林下气象条件对铁皮石斛生长的影响[J].科学技术与工程,2018,18(3):200-203.
[9] 武玉妹,周强,於丙军.大豆异黄酮浸种对盐胁迫大豆幼苗的生理效应[J].生态学报,2011,31(22):6669-6676.
[10] 向芬,周强,田向荣,等.不同生境吉首蒲儿根叶片形态和叶绿素荧光特征的比较[J].生态学报,2014,34(2):337-344.
[11] 汪群红,何贤君,鲍珍贝,等.不同来源铁皮石斛中多糖、氨基酸和生物碱含量比较[J].中药材,2014,37(5):773-775.
[12] 吴佳雯,鲍佳路,吕耀平,等.乐清市铁皮石斛总黄酮含量的测定[J].安徽农业科学2011,39(18):10883-10884.
[13] 朱丹婷,李铭红,乔宁宁.正交试验法分析生境因子组合因子对苦草生长的影响[J].生态学报,2010,30(23):6452-6459.
[14] 蔡永萍,李合生,骆炳山,等.霍山3种石斛的生长节律及其与生态因子关系的研究[J].武汉植物学研究,2003,21(4):351-355.
[15] 张金艳,赵红艳,郝苏玉,等.铁皮石斛的阶段式培养和栽培模式研究[J].湖北农业科学,2014,25(13):67-70.
[16] 龚庆芳,赵健,何金祥,等.遮荫对一年生铁皮石斛生长特性、光合特性及多糖含量的影响[J].北方园艺,2014,(1):148-150.
[17] 徐步青,崔永一,郭岑,等.不同光照强度和培养时间下铁皮石斛类原球茎生物量、多糖和生物碱量的动态变化[J].中草药,2012,43(2):355-359.
[2] 刘莉,王家金,徐蕾,等.铁皮石斛不同居群的农艺性状与化学成分的多样性研究[J].西南农业学报,2016,29(2):240-247.
[3] Zhang JX,He CM,Wu KL,et al.Transcriptome analysis of Dendrobium officinale and its application to the identification of genes associated with polysaccharide synthesis[J].Front Plant Sci,2016,7:5.
[4] Shen CJ,Hong G,Chen HL,et al.Identification and analysis of genes associated with the synthesis of bioactive constituents in Dendrobium officinale using RNA-Seq[J].Sci Rep,2017,7(1):187-198.
[5] 斯金平,王琦,刘仲健,等.铁皮石斛产业化关键科学与技术的突破[J].中国中药杂志,2017,42(12):2223-2227.
[6] 李文涛,黄林芳,杜静,等.基于PLS分析石斛品质与生态因子的相关性[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(10):2787-2792.
[7] 唐丽,李菁,龙华,等.生态因子对铁皮石斛生长发育影响的研究进展[J].中药材,2014,37(1):153-156.
[8] 官雨洁,李丽容,刘寿东.树林下气象条件对铁皮石斛生长的影响[J].科学技术与工程,2018,18(3):200-203.
[9] 武玉妹,周强,於丙军.大豆异黄酮浸种对盐胁迫大豆幼苗的生理效应[J].生态学报,2011,31(22):6669-6676.
[10] 向芬,周强,田向荣,等.不同生境吉首蒲儿根叶片形态和叶绿素荧光特征的比较[J].生态学报,2014,34(2):337-344.
[11] 汪群红,何贤君,鲍珍贝,等.不同来源铁皮石斛中多糖、氨基酸和生物碱含量比较[J].中药材,2014,37(5):773-775.
[12] 吴佳雯,鲍佳路,吕耀平,等.乐清市铁皮石斛总黄酮含量的测定[J].安徽农业科学2011,39(18):10883-10884.
[13] 朱丹婷,李铭红,乔宁宁.正交试验法分析生境因子组合因子对苦草生长的影响[J].生态学报,2010,30(23):6452-6459.
[14] 蔡永萍,李合生,骆炳山,等.霍山3种石斛的生长节律及其与生态因子关系的研究[J].武汉植物学研究,2003,21(4):351-355.
[15] 张金艳,赵红艳,郝苏玉,等.铁皮石斛的阶段式培养和栽培模式研究[J].湖北农业科学,2014,25(13):67-70.
[16] 龚庆芳,赵健,何金祥,等.遮荫对一年生铁皮石斛生长特性、光合特性及多糖含量的影响[J].北方园艺,2014,(1):148-150.
[17] 徐步青,崔永一,郭岑,等.不同光照强度和培养时间下铁皮石斛类原球茎生物量、多糖和生物碱量的动态变化[J].中草药,2012,43(2):355-359.