瓯江口春秋季虾蟹类群落结构
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摘要
2013年5月(春)、2013年10月(秋)在温州瓯江口海域利用底拖网进行了渔业资源调查,共设12个站位。根据各站位扫海面积和逃逸系数对调查数据进行标准化处理。利用相对重要性指标(IRI)、等级聚类(CLUSTER)、非度量多维标序(non-metric multidimensional scaling,NMDS)、ABC曲线等方法,对瓯江口海域的虾蟹类群落结构、空间分布和稳定性进行了分析,旨在研究瓯江口春秋季群落结构的不同之处。结果显示:两次调查共鉴定虾蟹类25种,隶属于11科16属,春季18种,秋季23种;春秋季河口区物种数量较低,近岸区和岛礁区较高;春季优势种为哈氏仿对虾(Parapenaeopsis hardwickii)、中国毛虾(Acetes chinensis)、三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus) 3种;秋季优势种为脊尾白虾(Exopalaemon carinicauda)、中华管鞭虾(Solenocera crassicornis)、三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)、日本蟳(Charybdis japonica)、锯缘青蟹(Scylla serrata) 5种;生态类型显示虾蟹类以广温低盐和广温广盐种类为主,未见冷水种。聚类分析将春、秋季站位均分为3个群落,通过非度量多维标度分析(NMDS)显示春秋季聚类结果可信(0. 05≤Stress <0. 1)。相似性分析(analysis of similarities,ANOSIM)结果表明春秋季各群落间差异显著且显著性水平均小于0. 05,结果可被接受。SIMPER(similarity of percentage)分析显示,春秋季各群落间的差异主要由特征种的差异性所决定。ABC曲线分析结果与春秋季实际情况相符:春季W <0,群落组成以小型、低质种类为主;秋季W> 0,群落组成以成体居多。
In May 2013( spring) and October 2013( autumn),fishery resources were surveyed using a sterntrawling shrimp net in the Oujiang Estuary area of Wenzhou. A total of 12 stations were established. The survey data were standardized according to the swept area and escape coefficient at each station. Using the methods of relative importance index( IRI),hierarchical clustering( CLUSTER),non-metric multidimensional scaling( NMDS),ABC curve,etc.,the community structure,spatial distribution and stability of shrimps and crabs in the waters of Oujiang Estuary were analyzed. The aim is to study the differences in the community structure of the spring and autumn of the Oujiang Estuary. The results showed that: The two surveys identified25 species of shrimps and crabs,belonging to 11 families and 16 genera,18 species in spring and 23 species in autumn; The number of species in the estuary area was lower in spring and autumn,and the nearshore and island reef areas were higher; There are three dominant species of Parapenaeopsis hardwickii,Acete schinensis,and Portunus trituberculatus in spring,and five dominant species of Exopalaemon carinicauda,Solenocera crassicornis,Portunus trituberculatus,Charybdis japonica and Scylla serrata in autumn. The ecological types show that shrimps and crabs are dominated by wide temperature,low salinity and wide temperature and wide salt species,and no cold water species were found. Cluster analysis divided the stations in spring and autumn into three communities. Non-metric multidimensional scaling( NMDS) shows that the clustering results in the spring and autumn are credible( 0. 05≤Stress < 0. 1). The analysis of similarity( ANOSIM) showed that the differences between the communities in spring and autumn were significant and the significance levels were less than 0. 05,and the results were acceptable. The analysis of SIMPER shows that the differences between the communities in spring and autumn are mainly determined by the difference of dominant species. The results of ABC curve analysis were in accordance with the actual conditions in spring and autumn. In spring,W < 0,the community composition was dominated by small,low-quality species; In the autumn,W > 0,the community composition was dominated by adults.
In May 2013( spring) and October 2013( autumn),fishery resources were surveyed using a sterntrawling shrimp net in the Oujiang Estuary area of Wenzhou. A total of 12 stations were established. The survey data were standardized according to the swept area and escape coefficient at each station. Using the methods of relative importance index( IRI),hierarchical clustering( CLUSTER),non-metric multidimensional scaling( NMDS),ABC curve,etc.,the community structure,spatial distribution and stability of shrimps and crabs in the waters of Oujiang Estuary were analyzed. The aim is to study the differences in the community structure of the spring and autumn of the Oujiang Estuary. The results showed that: The two surveys identified25 species of shrimps and crabs,belonging to 11 families and 16 genera,18 species in spring and 23 species in autumn; The number of species in the estuary area was lower in spring and autumn,and the nearshore and island reef areas were higher; There are three dominant species of Parapenaeopsis hardwickii,Acete schinensis,and Portunus trituberculatus in spring,and five dominant species of Exopalaemon carinicauda,Solenocera crassicornis,Portunus trituberculatus,Charybdis japonica and Scylla serrata in autumn. The ecological types show that shrimps and crabs are dominated by wide temperature,low salinity and wide temperature and wide salt species,and no cold water species were found. Cluster analysis divided the stations in spring and autumn into three communities. Non-metric multidimensional scaling( NMDS) shows that the clustering results in the spring and autumn are credible( 0. 05≤Stress < 0. 1). The analysis of similarity( ANOSIM) showed that the differences between the communities in spring and autumn were significant and the significance levels were less than 0. 05,and the results were acceptable. The analysis of SIMPER shows that the differences between the communities in spring and autumn are mainly determined by the difference of dominant species. The results of ABC curve analysis were in accordance with the actual conditions in spring and autumn. In spring,W < 0,the community composition was dominated by small,low-quality species; In the autumn,W > 0,the community composition was dominated by adults.
引文
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[2]沈嘉瑞,刘瑞玉.中国海蟹类区系特点的初步研究[J].海洋与湖沼,1963,5(2):139-153.SHEN J R,LIU R Y.Preliminary studies on the characteristics of the crab fauna of China Seas[J].Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,1963,5(2):139-153.
[3]刘瑞玉,徐鳳山.黃、东海底栖动物区系的特点[J].海洋与湖沼,1963,5(4):206-321.LIU R Y,XU F S.Preliminary studies on the benthic fauna of the Yellow Sea and East China Sea[J].Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,1963,5(4):206-321.
[4]戴爱云,杨思琼,宋玉枝,等.中国海洋蟹类[M].北京:海洋出版社,1986:1-641.DAI A Y,YANG S Q,SONG Y Z,et al.Chinese marine crab[M].Beijing:Maritime Press,1986:1-641.
[5]魏崇德.浙江动物志-甲壳类[M].杭州:浙江科学技术出版社,1991:1-481.WEI C D.Animal zoology of Zhejiang province-crustacean[M].Hangzhou:Zhejiang Science and Technology Press,1991:1-481.
[6]刘文亮,何文珊.长江河口大型底栖无脊椎动物[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,2007:1-203.LIU W L,HE W S.Benthic macro-invertebrates in the Yangtze estuary[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Science and Technology Press,2007:1-203.
[7]俞存根,宋海棠,姚光展.东海大陆架海域蟹类资源量的评估[J].水产学报,2004,28(1):41-46.YU C G,SONG H T,YAO G Z.Assessment of the crab stock biomass in the continental shelf waters of the East China Sea[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2004,28(1):41-46.
[8]朱成德.虾蟹类的幼体发育[J].水产养殖,1989(3):26-27.ZHU C D.Larval development of shrimps and crabs[J].Journal of Aquaculture,1989(3):26-27.
[9]俞存根,宋海棠,姚光展.东海细点圆趾蟹的生物学特性[J].水产学报,2004,28(6):657-662.YU C G,SONG H T,YAO G Z.Biological characteristics of Ovalipes punctatus in the East China Sea[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2004,28(6):657-662.
[10]MUROGA K,SSZUIK K,ISHIMARU K,et al.Vibriosis of swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus in larviculture[J].Journal of the World Aquaculture Society,1994,25(1):50-54.
[11]YANAGI T,TSUKAMOTO H,IGAWA S,et al.Recruitment strategy of swimming crab,Portunus trituberculatus,in Hiuchi-Nada,Japan[J].Fisheries Oceanography,1995,4(3):217-229.
[12]俞存根,宋海棠,姚光展.东海蟹类群落结构特征的研究[J].海洋与湖沼,2005,36(3):213-220.YU C G,SONG H T,YAO G Z.Crab community structure in the East China Sea[J].Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2005,36(3):213-220.
[13]郑献之,俞存根,陈小庆,等.舟山渔场及邻近海域蟹类种类组成和时空分布[J].海洋与湖沼,2012,43(1):147-153.ZHENG X Z,YU C G,CHEN X Q,et al.Species composition and spatio-temporal distribution of crabs in Zhoushan fishing ground and its adjacent areas[J].Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2012,43(1):147-153.
[14]陈小庆.东海中南部外海虾蟹类群落结构特征的研究[D].舟山:浙江海洋学院,2010.CHEN X Q.Community characteristics of shrimps and crabs in the offshore waters of the mid-southern East China Sea[D].Zhoushan:Zhejiang Ocean University,2010.
[15]徐开达,卢占晖,薛利建,等.中街山列岛保护区蟹类群落结构特征的研究[J].上海海洋大学学报,2012,21(6):1032-1037.XU K D,LU Z H,XUE L J,et al.Crab community structure in the protected Zhongjieshan Islands area[J].Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,2012,21(6):1032-1037.
[16]夏陆军,俞存根,蔡厚才,等.南麂列岛海洋自然保护区虾类群落结构及其多样性[J].海洋学报,2016,38(2):73-83.XIA L J,YU C G,CAI H C,et al.Community structure and diversity of shrimp in Nanji Islands marine conservation area[J].Journal of Oceanography,2016,38(2):73-83.
[17]吕振波.山东近海经济生物资源调查与评价[M].北京:海洋出版社,2010.LV Z B.Investigation and evaluation of economic resources in Shandong offshore[M].Beijing:China Ocean Press,2010.
[18]周红,张志南.大型多元统计软件PRIMER的方法原理及其在底栖群落生态学中的应用[J].青岛海洋大学学报,2003,33(1):58-64.ZHOU H,ZHANG Z N.Rationale of the multivariate statistical software PRIMER and its application in benthic community ecology[J].Journal of Ocean University of Qingdao,2003,33(1):58-64.
[19]BRAZNER J C,BEALS E W.Patterns in fish assemblages from coastal wetland and beach habitats in Green Bay,Lake Michigan:a multivariate analysis of abiotic and biotic forcing factors[J].Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,1997,54(8):1743-1761.
[20]CLARKE K R.Non-parametric multivariate analyses of changes in community structure[J].Austral Ecology,1993,18(1):117-143.
[21]FIELD J G,CLARKE K R,WARWICK R M.A practical strategy for analyzing multispecies distribution patterns[J].Marine Ecology-Progress Series,1982,8:37-52.
[22]张焕君,李凡,丛日翔,等.黄河口海域无脊椎动物群落结构及其变化[J].中国水产科学,2014,21(4):800-809.ZHANG H J,LI F,CONG R X,et al.Community structure of invertebrate and its change in Huanghe(Yellow River)Estuary[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2014,21(4):800-809.
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