露天煤矿周边不同深度土壤重金属空间变异及分布特征
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摘要
以准东露天煤矿周边为研究对象,对矿区周围52个土壤样点分别采取0~10、10~20和20~30 cm不同深度的土壤样品,在室内测定了Zn、Cr、Hg和As 4种重金属含量。采用地统计学方法,定量分析了不同深度土壤重金属元素的空间变异性,并通过普通克里金插值深入分析了其水平和垂直方向的空间分布规律。研究表明:土壤重金属元素含量大小顺序为Cr>Zn>As>Hg,其中Cr、Hg和As的均值分别超过了新疆背景值的0.6倍、2.1倍和1.8倍,超标率均在60%以上,存在较严重的污染。从空间变异性来看,半方差函数符合高斯、指数和球状模型,其块金值均为正值,说明易受正基底效应的影响,而表层和深层土壤重金属元素的块金系数均在25%~75%,呈现中等空间相关性,受随机因素和结构性因素共同作用的影响。重金属元素在水平空间分布具有一定的规律性,其高值密集在矿区周边及工业园附近,而低值出现在研究区南部和古尔班通古特沙漠边缘,总体呈现南北方向递增趋势;而垂直分布上,Zn和Hg元素随深度的增加其含量递减,而As元素在表层和其他两层的空间分布上存在较大的差异。
The open coal mine in East Junggar Basin was selected as study area, a total of 52 soil samples around mine were collected from the depths of 0–10 cm, 10–20 cm and 20–30 cm of soil profiles and the contents of Zn, Cr, Hg and As were tested, geostatistical methods was used to quantitatively analyzed the spatial variability and distribution of heavy metal contents. The results indicated that the contents of soil heavy metals were in the order as Cr>Zn>As>Hg, and Cr, Hg and As were 0.6, 2.1, 1.8 times higher than those of regional background values, respectively, the over-limit rates were all above 60%. The Gaussian, Exponential and Spherical models mostly conformed to semi-variance function, and nugget values were positive. The surface and deep nugget coefficients of soil heavy metal contents presented medium spatial correlation between 25%–75%, mainly influenced by random factors and structural factors. The spatial distribution showed that high values of heavy metal contents assembled around the coal mine area and industrial parks, while low values in the southern of study area and edge of the Gurbantunggut Desert. Heavy metal contents showed increasing trends from south to north. The contents of Zn and Hg decreased with the increase of soil depth, while As content existed great differences in all horizons. The above results provide theoretical bases for controlling of soil heavy metal pollution and improving the ecological environment.
The open coal mine in East Junggar Basin was selected as study area, a total of 52 soil samples around mine were collected from the depths of 0–10 cm, 10–20 cm and 20–30 cm of soil profiles and the contents of Zn, Cr, Hg and As were tested, geostatistical methods was used to quantitatively analyzed the spatial variability and distribution of heavy metal contents. The results indicated that the contents of soil heavy metals were in the order as Cr>Zn>As>Hg, and Cr, Hg and As were 0.6, 2.1, 1.8 times higher than those of regional background values, respectively, the over-limit rates were all above 60%. The Gaussian, Exponential and Spherical models mostly conformed to semi-variance function, and nugget values were positive. The surface and deep nugget coefficients of soil heavy metal contents presented medium spatial correlation between 25%–75%, mainly influenced by random factors and structural factors. The spatial distribution showed that high values of heavy metal contents assembled around the coal mine area and industrial parks, while low values in the southern of study area and edge of the Gurbantunggut Desert. Heavy metal contents showed increasing trends from south to north. The contents of Zn and Hg decreased with the increase of soil depth, while As content existed great differences in all horizons. The above results provide theoretical bases for controlling of soil heavy metal pollution and improving the ecological environment.
引文
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[19]雷凌明,喻大松,陈玉鹏,等.陕西泾惠渠灌区土壤重金属空间分布特征及来源[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(6):88-96
[20]阿卜杜萨拉木·阿布都加帕尔,塔西甫拉提·特依拜,依力亚斯江·努尔麦麦提,等.基于不同插值方法的于田绿洲盐渍化土壤特性空间变异分析[J].土壤通报,2017,48(5):1039-1046.
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[26]刘庆,王静,史衍玺,等.基于GIS的农田土壤重金属空间分布研究[J].安全与环境学报,2007,7(2):109-113
[27]赵秀峰,王强盛,石宁宁,等.石化园区周边农田土壤重金属污染分析与评价[J].环境科学学报,2010,30(1):133-141
[2]Bhuiyan M A H,Parvez L,Islam M A,et al.Heavy metal pollution of coal mine-affected agricultural soils in the northern part of Bangladesh[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2010,173(1/2/3):384-392
[3]岳荣,史锐,张红.土壤中重金属累积特征及生态风险评价——以乌拉特后旗有色金属冶炼企业集中区为例[J].土壤,2016,48(2):314-321
[4]蒋红群,王彬武,刘晓娜,等.北京市土壤重金属潜在风险预警管理研究[J].土壤学报,2015,52(4):731-746
[5]Soffianian A,Madani E S,Arabi M.Risk assessment of heavy metal soil pollution through principal components analysis and false color composition in Hamadan Province,Iran[J].Environmental Systems Research,2014,3(1):1-14
[6]牛真茹,齐硕,吴庭雯,等.某有色冶炼场地浅层土壤重金属空间变异规律与分布特征[J].土壤通报,2016,47(3):738-745
[7]宋金茜,朱权,姜小三,等.基于GIS的农业土壤重金属风险评价研究——以南京市八卦洲为例[J].土壤学报,2017,54(1):81-91
[8]孙贤斌,李玉成.淮南大通煤矿废弃地土壤重金属空间分布及变异特征[J].地理科学,2013,33(10):1238-1244
[9]阿不都艾尼·阿不里,塔西甫拉提·特依拜,买买提·沙吾提,等.准东露天煤矿土壤重金属的污染及空间分布特征分析[J].中国矿业,2016,25(3):58-64
[10]Ersoy A,Yunsel T Y,Cetin M.Characterization of land contaminated by past heavy metal mining using geostatistical methods[J].Archives of Environmental Contamination&Toxicology,2004,46(2):162-75
[11]Benhaddya M L,Hadjel M.Spatial distribution and contamination assessment of heavy metals in surface soils of Hassi Messaoud,Algeria[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2014,71(3):1473-1486
[12]张晗,靳青文,黄仁龙,等.大宝山矿区农田土壤重金属污染及其植物累积特征[J].土壤,2017,49(1):141-149
[13]邱孟龙,李芳柏,王琦,等.工业发达城市区域耕地土壤重金属时空变异与来源变化[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(2):298-305
[14]刘芳,塔西甫拉提·特依拜,依力亚斯江·努尔麦麦提,等.准东露天煤田周边土壤重金属污染及潜在生态风险[J].生态环境学报,2015,24(8):1388-1393
[15]张继舟,吕品,王立民,等.大兴安岭森林土壤重金属含量空间变异与污染评价[J].生态学杂志,2015,34(3):810-819
[16]施加春,刘杏梅,于春兰,等.浙北环太湖平原耕地土壤重金属的空间变异特征及其风险评价研究[J].土壤学报,2007,44(5):824-830
[17]李海光,施加春,吴建军.污染场地周边农田土壤重金属含量的空间变异特征及其污染源识别[J].浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2013,39(3):325-334
[18]胡佳楠,塔西甫拉提·特依拜,宋玉,等.于田绿洲盐渍土主要参数的空间异质性分析[J].土壤通报,2015,46(6):1328-1333
[19]雷凌明,喻大松,陈玉鹏,等.陕西泾惠渠灌区土壤重金属空间分布特征及来源[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(6):88-96
[20]阿卜杜萨拉木·阿布都加帕尔,塔西甫拉提·特依拜,依力亚斯江·努尔麦麦提,等.基于不同插值方法的于田绿洲盐渍化土壤特性空间变异分析[J].土壤通报,2017,48(5):1039-1046.
[21]Mamat Z,Halik U,Muhtar P,et al.Temporal variation of significant soil hydrological parameters in the Yutian oasis in Northwest China from 2001 to 2010[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2016,75(4):1-16
[22]Abliz A,Tiyip T,Ghulam A,et al.Effects of shallow groundwater table and salinity on soil salt dynamics in the Keriya Oasis,Northwestern China[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2016,75(3):260
[23]钱翌,于洪,王灵.乌鲁木齐市米东区农田土壤重金属含量的空间分布特征[J].干旱区地理,2013,36(2):303-310
[24]中国环境监测总站.中国土壤元素背景值[M].北京,中国环境科学出版社,1990
[25]姚峰,包安明,古丽·加帕尔,等.新疆准东煤田土壤重金属来源与污染评价[J].中国环境科学,2013,33(10):1821-1828
[26]刘庆,王静,史衍玺,等.基于GIS的农田土壤重金属空间分布研究[J].安全与环境学报,2007,7(2):109-113
[27]赵秀峰,王强盛,石宁宁,等.石化园区周边农田土壤重金属污染分析与评价[J].环境科学学报,2010,30(1):133-141