径流驱动土壤分离过程的影响因素及机制研究进展
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摘要
土壤侵蚀包括土壤分离、泥沙输移和泥沙沉积3个子过程,研究这些过程发生、发展的水力、地形、土壤及地表特性等临界条件及各过程间相互影响、相互制约的机制,是建立土壤侵蚀过程模型继而准确预报土壤侵蚀的基础。为加强对径流驱动土壤分离过程的认识,推动土壤侵蚀过程与机理的研究,从径流水动力学特性、土壤特性、近地表特性、土壤分离过程的时空变异特性等方面对径流驱动的土壤分离过程影响因素及机制进行了总结和梳理,在此基础上,从土壤分离过程研究的时空尺度、土壤分离过程的动力学机制、细沟发育及其形态特征、网络结构对土壤分离过程的影响机制、土壤分离与泥沙输移的耦合机制、土壤分离测定方法与标准、土壤侵蚀阻力参数获取与预报等方面,展望了该领域有待深化的问题及今后的发展方向。
Soil erosion is divided into three subprocesses of soil detachment,sediment transport,and sediment deposition. Exploring the critical conditions in terms of hydraulic,topography,soil as well as near-surface characteristics for the occurrence and development of these processes is the basis of establishing process-based soil erosion model and then accurately predicting soil erosion. Hence,the paper summarized the main factors that influencing soil detachment process by overland flow and its mechanism in respect to overland flow hydrodynamics,soil properties,near soil surface characteristics,and spatial-temporal variability of soil detachment. Finally,main problems requiring deep exploration in future are recommended from six aspects,i.e. the spatial-temporal scale of study on soil detachment process,the dynamic mechanism of soil detachment process,the influencing mechanism of rill morphological evolution and network structure on soil detachment process,the coupling mechanism of soil detachment and sediment transport,the measuring method and criterion of soil detachment,and the obtaining and predicting soil erosion resistance parameters. The paper is conducive to deepening the understanding of soil detachment process by overland flow. Additionally,it provides valuable references for the correlational studies of soil erosion process and establishment of process-based soil erosion models.
Soil erosion is divided into three subprocesses of soil detachment,sediment transport,and sediment deposition. Exploring the critical conditions in terms of hydraulic,topography,soil as well as near-surface characteristics for the occurrence and development of these processes is the basis of establishing process-based soil erosion model and then accurately predicting soil erosion. Hence,the paper summarized the main factors that influencing soil detachment process by overland flow and its mechanism in respect to overland flow hydrodynamics,soil properties,near soil surface characteristics,and spatial-temporal variability of soil detachment. Finally,main problems requiring deep exploration in future are recommended from six aspects,i.e. the spatial-temporal scale of study on soil detachment process,the dynamic mechanism of soil detachment process,the influencing mechanism of rill morphological evolution and network structure on soil detachment process,the coupling mechanism of soil detachment and sediment transport,the measuring method and criterion of soil detachment,and the obtaining and predicting soil erosion resistance parameters. The paper is conducive to deepening the understanding of soil detachment process by overland flow. Additionally,it provides valuable references for the correlational studies of soil erosion process and establishment of process-based soil erosion models.
引文
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