Effect of solidification rate on microstructure and primary carbides of AISI DC 53 cold work tool steel
|
摘要
The solidification behavior of AISI DC 53 cold work tool steel was investigated by means of a cooling curve and its first derivative. Copper and sand wedge-shaped molds were used to obtain various solidification rates. To reveal the cooling rate degree during solidification,the secondary dendrite arm spacing of the steel alloy was examined by scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The solidification rates of each section for both wedge steel samples were calculated by means of the secondary dendrite arm spacing using a research-based empirical relation from the literature. Experiment results revealed that at the tip region of the cast specimen in the copper wedgeshaped mold,the carbide size was 7–8 μm,where the solidification rate was approximately 4,830 °C·s-1. The greatest carbide size obtained in the upper region of the sand cast wedge-shaped specimen was 250–270 μm.
The solidification behavior of AISI DC 53 cold work tool steel was investigated by means of a cooling curve and its first derivative. Copper and sand wedge-shaped molds were used to obtain various solidification rates. To reveal the cooling rate degree during solidification,the secondary dendrite arm spacing of the steel alloy was examined by scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The solidification rates of each section for both wedge steel samples were calculated by means of the secondary dendrite arm spacing using a research-based empirical relation from the literature. Experiment results revealed that at the tip region of the cast specimen in the copper wedgeshaped mold,the carbide size was 7–8 μm,where the solidification rate was approximately 4,830 °C·s-1. The greatest carbide size obtained in the upper region of the sand cast wedge-shaped specimen was 250–270 μm.
The solidification behavior of AISI DC 53 cold work tool steel was investigated by means of a cooling curve and its first derivative. Copper and sand wedge-shaped molds were used to obtain various solidification rates. To reveal the cooling rate degree during solidification,the secondary dendrite arm spacing of the steel alloy was examined by scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The solidification rates of each section for both wedge steel samples were calculated by means of the secondary dendrite arm spacing using a research-based empirical relation from the literature. Experiment results revealed that at the tip region of the cast specimen in the copper wedgeshaped mold,the carbide size was 7–8 μm,where the solidification rate was approximately 4,830 °C·s-1. The greatest carbide size obtained in the upper region of the sand cast wedge-shaped specimen was 250–270 μm.
引文
[1]Berger C,Scheerer H,and Ellermeier J.Modern materials for forming and cutting tools-Overview.Materials Science and Materials Engineering,2010,41(1):5-17.
[2]Roberts G A,Krauss G,Kennedy R.Tool Steels,In:Proc.5th edition,American Society for Metals,Metals Park,Ohio,1998.
[3]Fukaura K,Yokoyama Y,Yokoi D,et al.Fatigue of cold work tool steels:Effect of heat treatment and carbide morphology on fatigue crack formation,life,and fracture surface observations.Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A,2004,35A(4):1289-1300.
[4]Blaha J,Krempaszky C,Werner E A.Carbide distribution effects in cold work tool steels.In:Proc.of 6th International Tooling Conference,Karlstad University,Sweden,September2002:289-298.
[5]Grgac P,Moravcik R,Kusy M,et al.Thermal stability of metastable austenite in rapidly solidified chromiummolybdenum-vanadium tool steel powder.Materials Science and Engineering A,2004,375-377(Spec.Iss.):581-584.
[6]DelshadKhatibi P,Ilbagi A,and Henein H.Microstructural Investigation of D2 Tool Steel during Rapid Solidification using Impulse Atomization.In:The Minerals,Metals&Materials Society(TMS),2011:531-538.
[7]Zhang J G,Shi H S,and Sun D S.Research in spray forming technology and its applications in metallurgy.Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2003,138:357-360.
[8]Zhang J G,Xu H B,Shi H S,et al.Microstructure and properties of spray formed Cr12MoV steel for rolls.Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2001,111(1-3):79-84.
[9]Lin Y,McHugh K M,Zhou Y,et al.Microstructure and hardness of spray-formed chromium-containing steel tooling.Scripta Materialia,2006,55(7):581-584.
[10]Li S,Xie Y,Wu X.Hardness and toughness investigations of deep cryogenic treated cold work die steel.Cryogenics,2010,50(2):89-92.
[11]Guo W,Zhu M Y.Characteristic Parameters for Dendritic Microstructure of Solidification During Slab Continuous Casting.Journal of Iron and Steel Research International,2009,16(1):17-21.
[12]Cullity B D,Stock S R.Elements of X-ray diffraction,3rd edition.Prentice Hall,2001.https://doi.org/citeulike-articleid:3998040.
[2]Roberts G A,Krauss G,Kennedy R.Tool Steels,In:Proc.5th edition,American Society for Metals,Metals Park,Ohio,1998.
[3]Fukaura K,Yokoyama Y,Yokoi D,et al.Fatigue of cold work tool steels:Effect of heat treatment and carbide morphology on fatigue crack formation,life,and fracture surface observations.Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A,2004,35A(4):1289-1300.
[4]Blaha J,Krempaszky C,Werner E A.Carbide distribution effects in cold work tool steels.In:Proc.of 6th International Tooling Conference,Karlstad University,Sweden,September2002:289-298.
[5]Grgac P,Moravcik R,Kusy M,et al.Thermal stability of metastable austenite in rapidly solidified chromiummolybdenum-vanadium tool steel powder.Materials Science and Engineering A,2004,375-377(Spec.Iss.):581-584.
[6]DelshadKhatibi P,Ilbagi A,and Henein H.Microstructural Investigation of D2 Tool Steel during Rapid Solidification using Impulse Atomization.In:The Minerals,Metals&Materials Society(TMS),2011:531-538.
[7]Zhang J G,Shi H S,and Sun D S.Research in spray forming technology and its applications in metallurgy.Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2003,138:357-360.
[8]Zhang J G,Xu H B,Shi H S,et al.Microstructure and properties of spray formed Cr12MoV steel for rolls.Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2001,111(1-3):79-84.
[9]Lin Y,McHugh K M,Zhou Y,et al.Microstructure and hardness of spray-formed chromium-containing steel tooling.Scripta Materialia,2006,55(7):581-584.
[10]Li S,Xie Y,Wu X.Hardness and toughness investigations of deep cryogenic treated cold work die steel.Cryogenics,2010,50(2):89-92.
[11]Guo W,Zhu M Y.Characteristic Parameters for Dendritic Microstructure of Solidification During Slab Continuous Casting.Journal of Iron and Steel Research International,2009,16(1):17-21.
[12]Cullity B D,Stock S R.Elements of X-ray diffraction,3rd edition.Prentice Hall,2001.https://doi.org/citeulike-articleid:3998040.