搅拌摩擦焊工艺参数对超薄铝合金板/高强钢搭接焊接头组织及性能的影响
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摘要
采用复合式搅拌头对0.7 mm厚6010铝合金板和2.0 mm厚DP600钢板进行搅拌摩擦搭接焊,在不磨损搅拌头的同时获得了性能优良的焊接接头。研究了不同焊接工艺参数对铝合金/高强钢焊接接头界面结构及力学性能的影响。结果表明,在搅拌针未进入钢板的情况下,顶锻力是搅拌摩擦焊过程中的关键参数,存在一个实现铝合金/高强钢异种材料搅拌摩擦搭接焊的最小顶锻力。在恒定顶锻力5.0 kN,转速1 200 r/min的焊接条件下得到了最佳性能的焊接接头,拉伸强度达到260 MPa,且断裂发生在铝合金母材区。铝合金/高强钢界面存在一层厚2.0μm的过渡层。
Friction stir overlap welding of 0.7 mm thick 6061 aluminium alloy plate and 2.0 mm thick DP600 steel plate was carried out by using composite stir-welding head. Lap joints with good mechanical properties were obtained without wearing the stirring head. The effects of welding parameters on mechanical properties of joint and interface of aluminium alloy/high strength steel were studied. The results show that the upsetting force is a critical parameter in friction stir welding when the stirring needle does not enter the steel plate. There is a minimum upsetting force for the friction stir overlap welding of aluminium alloy/high strength steel dissimilar materials. Welded joints with optimum performance were obtained by the welding process with constant upsetting force of 5.0 kN and rotating speed of 1 200 r/min. The tensile strength reaches 260 MPa with the fracture occurring in aluminium alloy substrate. A 2.0 μm thick Al-rich uniform solid solution transition layer exists at the interface between aluminium alloy and high strength steel interface.
Friction stir overlap welding of 0.7 mm thick 6061 aluminium alloy plate and 2.0 mm thick DP600 steel plate was carried out by using composite stir-welding head. Lap joints with good mechanical properties were obtained without wearing the stirring head. The effects of welding parameters on mechanical properties of joint and interface of aluminium alloy/high strength steel were studied. The results show that the upsetting force is a critical parameter in friction stir welding when the stirring needle does not enter the steel plate. There is a minimum upsetting force for the friction stir overlap welding of aluminium alloy/high strength steel dissimilar materials. Welded joints with optimum performance were obtained by the welding process with constant upsetting force of 5.0 kN and rotating speed of 1 200 r/min. The tensile strength reaches 260 MPa with the fracture occurring in aluminium alloy substrate. A 2.0 μm thick Al-rich uniform solid solution transition layer exists at the interface between aluminium alloy and high strength steel interface.
引文
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[2]SAKIYAMA T,MURAYAMA G,NAITO Y,et al.Dissimilar metal joining technologies for steel sheet and aluminum alloy sheet in auto body[R].Nippon Steel Technical Report No.103.Tokyo,Japan:Nippon Steel,2013:91-98.
[3]武守辉,陈思杰,牛济泰,等.汽车制造中铝和钢异种金属间的点焊研究[J].热加工工艺,2013,42(11):17-20.
[4]MISHRA R S,MA Z Y.Friction stir welding and processing[J].Materials Science and Engineering:R:Reports,2005,50(1/2):1-78.
[5]傅志红,黄明辉,周鹏展,等.搅拌摩擦焊及其研究现状[J].焊接,2002(11):6-10.
[6]LEITAO C,ARRUTI E,ALDANONDO E,et al.Aluminium-steel lap joining by multipass friction stir welding[J].Materials&Design,2016,106:153-160.
[7]曹丽杰.铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接缺陷的研究进展[J].表面技术,2009,38(3):68-71,100.
[8]陈杰,张海伟,刘德佳,等.我国搅拌摩擦焊技术的研究现状与热点分析[J].电焊机,2011,41(10):92-97.
[9]张玉红,陈素玲,孙学杰.机床用铝合金、不锈钢的异质搅拌摩擦焊工艺[J].电焊机,2015,45(5):164-167.
[10]MOVAHEDI M,KOKABI A H,REIHANI S M S,et al.Effect of tool travel and rotation speeds on weld zone defects and joint strength of aluminium steel lap joints made by friction stir welding[J].Science and Technology of Welding and Joining,2012,17(2):162-167.
[11]DAS H,BASAK S,DAS G,et al.Influence of energy induced from processing parameters on the mechanical properties of friction stir welded lap joint of aluminum to coated steel sheet[J].The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology,2013,64(9/12):1653-1661.
[12]魏宝华,李宝华,鄢江武,等.搅拌摩擦焊常见表面缺陷及其控制措施[J].热加工工艺,2013,42(17):213-215.
[13]ZIMMER S,LANGLOIS L,LAYE J,et al.Experimental investigation of the influence of the FSW plunge processing parameters on the maximum generated force and torque[J].The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology,2010,47(1/4):201-215.
[14]CHEN Y C,KOMAZAKI T,KIM Y G,et al.Interface microstructure study of friction stir lap joint of AC4Ccast aluminum alloy and zinc-coated steel[J].Materials Chemistry and Physics,2008,111(2/3):375-380.
[15]TANAKA K,KUMAGAI M,YOSHIDA H.Dissimilar joining of aluminum alloy and steel sheets by friction stir spot welding[J].Journal of Japan Institute of Light Metals,2006,56(6):317-322.