Extrusion process of 304L H-shaped stainless steel used in passive residual heat removal heat exchanger
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摘要
304L H-shaped stainless steel is used as the support frame of the passive residual heat removal heat exchanger(PRHR HX) in a nuclear fission reactor. The extrusion process is adopted to manufacture the 304L H-shaped stainless steel. Finite element method simulation is herein used to analyze metal flow characteristics, optimize the extrusion die, and predict the extrusion force at different temperatures and speeds. A Φ400-mm container and Φ388-mm forging billet are selected, and the 304L H-shaped stainless steel is successfully manufactured using a Germany SMS 60 MN horizontal extruder. The mechanical properties and microstructure of the manufactured 304L H-shaped stainless steel meet the requirements of the PRHR HX, and the surfaces of the product pass the dye penetration test. The H-shaped stainless steels are used in Haiyang nuclear power plant in Shandong Province.
304L H-shaped stainless steel is used as the support frame of the passive residual heat removal heat exchanger(PRHR HX) in a nuclear fission reactor. The extrusion process is adopted to manufacture the 304L H-shaped stainless steel. Finite element method simulation is herein used to analyze metal flow characteristics, optimize the extrusion die, and predict the extrusion force at different temperatures and speeds. A Φ400-mm container and Φ388-mm forging billet are selected, and the 304L H-shaped stainless steel is successfully manufactured using a Germany SMS 60 MN horizontal extruder. The mechanical properties and microstructure of the manufactured 304L H-shaped stainless steel meet the requirements of the PRHR HX, and the surfaces of the product pass the dye penetration test. The H-shaped stainless steels are used in Haiyang nuclear power plant in Shandong Province.
304L H-shaped stainless steel is used as the support frame of the passive residual heat removal heat exchanger(PRHR HX) in a nuclear fission reactor. The extrusion process is adopted to manufacture the 304L H-shaped stainless steel. Finite element method simulation is herein used to analyze metal flow characteristics, optimize the extrusion die, and predict the extrusion force at different temperatures and speeds. A Φ400-mm container and Φ388-mm forging billet are selected, and the 304L H-shaped stainless steel is successfully manufactured using a Germany SMS 60 MN horizontal extruder. The mechanical properties and microstructure of the manufactured 304L H-shaped stainless steel meet the requirements of the PRHR HX, and the surfaces of the product pass the dye penetration test. The H-shaped stainless steels are used in Haiyang nuclear power plant in Shandong Province.
引文
1.J.S.Wan,S.F.Wu,A.Nuerlan et al.,Dynamic modeling of AP1000 steam generator for control system design and simulation.Ann.Nucl.Energy 109,648-657(2017).https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anucene.2017.05.016
2.S.J.Rose,J.N.Wilson,N.Capellan et al.,Minimization of actinide waste by multi-recycling of thoriated fuels in the EPR reactor.Ann.Nucl.Energy 38,2619-2624(2011).https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anucene.2011.06.029
3.D.C.Sun,Y.Li,Z.Xi et al.,Experimental evaluation of safety performance of emergency passive residual heat removal system in HPR1000.Nucl.Eng.Des.318,54-60(2017).https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2017.04.003
4.D.G.Lu,Y.H.Zhang,Z.Y.Wang et al.,Numerical and experimental investigation on the baffle design in secondary side of the PRHR HX in AP1000.Ann.Nucl.Energy 94,359-368(2016).https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anucene.2016.04.003
5.W.Karlsen,G.Diego,B.Devrient,Localized deformation as a key precursor to initiation of intergranular stress corrosion cracking of austenitic stainless steels employed in nuclear power plants.J.Nucl.Mater.406,138-151(2010).https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2010.01.029
6.V.Shankar Rao,J.Lim,I.Soon Hwang,Analysis of 316Lstainless steel pipe of lead-bismuth eutectic cooled thermo-hydraulic loop.Ann.Nucl.Energy 48,40-44(2012).https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anucene.2012.05.009
7.S.L.Wang,B.Yang,M.X.Zhang et al.,Numerical simulation and experimental verification of microstructure evolution in large forged pipe used for AP1000 nuclear power plants.Ann.Nucl.Energy 87,176-185(2016).https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anucene.2015.07.042
8.Y.H.Zhang,D.G.Lu,Z.Y.Wang et al.,Experimental investigation on pool-boiling of C-shape heat exchanger bundle used in PRHR HX.Appl.Therm.Eng.114,186-195(2017).https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.11.185
9.Z.F.Cai,J.M.Zhao,P.Zhao et al.,Manufacture of W-shaped stainless steel and square shaped stainless steel to be used as the support for AP1000 passive residual heat removal heat exchanger.China Nucl.Power 7,240-244(2014).(in Chinese)
10.L.Wang,X.J.Xu,The welding for AP1000 passive residual heat removal heat exchanger.Boiler Manuf.6,39-42(2015).(in Chinese)
11.L.Wang,Analysis of the key manufacturing process for AP1000china-made passive residual heat removal heat exchanger.Press.Vessel Technol.29,39-42(2012).(in Chinese)
12.S.Hansson,T.Jansson,Sensitivity analysis of a finite element model for the simulation of stainless steel tube extrusion.J.Mater.Process.Technol.210,1386-1396(2010).https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2010.03.028
13.C.Y.Liu,R.J.Zhang,Y.N.Yan et al.,Lubrication behavior of the glass lubricated hot extrusion process.J.Mech.Eng.47,127-134(2011).https://doi.org/10.3901/JME.2011.20.127
14.B.Ravi Kumar,S.Sharma,B.P.Kashyap et al.,Ultrafine grained microstructure tailoring in austenitic stainless steel for enhanced plasticity.Mater.Des.68,63-71(2015).https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2014.12.014
15.H.Mirzadeh,M.H.Parsa,D.Ohadi,Hot deformation behavior of austenitic stainless steel for a wide range of initial grain size.Mater.Sci.Eng.A Struct.569,54-60(2013).https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2013.01.050
2.S.J.Rose,J.N.Wilson,N.Capellan et al.,Minimization of actinide waste by multi-recycling of thoriated fuels in the EPR reactor.Ann.Nucl.Energy 38,2619-2624(2011).https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anucene.2011.06.029
3.D.C.Sun,Y.Li,Z.Xi et al.,Experimental evaluation of safety performance of emergency passive residual heat removal system in HPR1000.Nucl.Eng.Des.318,54-60(2017).https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2017.04.003
4.D.G.Lu,Y.H.Zhang,Z.Y.Wang et al.,Numerical and experimental investigation on the baffle design in secondary side of the PRHR HX in AP1000.Ann.Nucl.Energy 94,359-368(2016).https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anucene.2016.04.003
5.W.Karlsen,G.Diego,B.Devrient,Localized deformation as a key precursor to initiation of intergranular stress corrosion cracking of austenitic stainless steels employed in nuclear power plants.J.Nucl.Mater.406,138-151(2010).https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2010.01.029
6.V.Shankar Rao,J.Lim,I.Soon Hwang,Analysis of 316Lstainless steel pipe of lead-bismuth eutectic cooled thermo-hydraulic loop.Ann.Nucl.Energy 48,40-44(2012).https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anucene.2012.05.009
7.S.L.Wang,B.Yang,M.X.Zhang et al.,Numerical simulation and experimental verification of microstructure evolution in large forged pipe used for AP1000 nuclear power plants.Ann.Nucl.Energy 87,176-185(2016).https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anucene.2015.07.042
8.Y.H.Zhang,D.G.Lu,Z.Y.Wang et al.,Experimental investigation on pool-boiling of C-shape heat exchanger bundle used in PRHR HX.Appl.Therm.Eng.114,186-195(2017).https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.11.185
9.Z.F.Cai,J.M.Zhao,P.Zhao et al.,Manufacture of W-shaped stainless steel and square shaped stainless steel to be used as the support for AP1000 passive residual heat removal heat exchanger.China Nucl.Power 7,240-244(2014).(in Chinese)
10.L.Wang,X.J.Xu,The welding for AP1000 passive residual heat removal heat exchanger.Boiler Manuf.6,39-42(2015).(in Chinese)
11.L.Wang,Analysis of the key manufacturing process for AP1000china-made passive residual heat removal heat exchanger.Press.Vessel Technol.29,39-42(2012).(in Chinese)
12.S.Hansson,T.Jansson,Sensitivity analysis of a finite element model for the simulation of stainless steel tube extrusion.J.Mater.Process.Technol.210,1386-1396(2010).https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2010.03.028
13.C.Y.Liu,R.J.Zhang,Y.N.Yan et al.,Lubrication behavior of the glass lubricated hot extrusion process.J.Mech.Eng.47,127-134(2011).https://doi.org/10.3901/JME.2011.20.127
14.B.Ravi Kumar,S.Sharma,B.P.Kashyap et al.,Ultrafine grained microstructure tailoring in austenitic stainless steel for enhanced plasticity.Mater.Des.68,63-71(2015).https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2014.12.014
15.H.Mirzadeh,M.H.Parsa,D.Ohadi,Hot deformation behavior of austenitic stainless steel for a wide range of initial grain size.Mater.Sci.Eng.A Struct.569,54-60(2013).https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2013.01.050