不忘初心,再创辉煌:声呐技术助推海洋强国梦
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摘要
水声是人类迄今为止所知道的唯一能在海洋里远距离传播的能量形式。其他的物理媒介,如可见光、电磁波、激光等在海水里传播时会很快衰减掉,因而无法传向远方。凡是利用水声能量进行观测、通讯的系统,均称为声呐系统。水声信号处理和声呐技术是一门发展迅速、需求推动力强大、应用前景异常广阔的学科。在声学领域的众多分支学科中,没有其他学科像水声学那样,其发展受着战争需求的推动。反过来,水声学的发展又为水下战武器装备的研制和创新注入活力。文章介绍我国改革开放40年来水声信号处理和声呐技术领域的研究进展和发展前景。包括水声信号建模、声场匹配、海洋波导和内波现象的探索与研究、水声信道的时/空相关特性、水下目标辐射噪声的提取及检测技术、高分辨力水下成像技术,以及水下语音、图像传输和抗干扰技术。文章还介绍了我国"863"计划海洋监测主题所取得的成就。提出了我国水声信号处理和声呐技术领域的发展前景,包括深海声学、北极声学、安静型潜艇辐射噪声检测、水下-水面-空天一体化信息获取和融合技术等,以及在建设海洋强国战略中不可替代的独特作用。
The advances and prospect of underwater acoustical signal processing and sonar technology in China during last 40 years is introduced, including the theory and experiment of underwater acoustical signal modeling, technique of acoustical field matched,exploration and study of ocean waveguide and internal wave phenomena, information acquisition and processing of acoustical vector field, research work in time/space correlation performance of underwater acoustic channel, extraction and detection technique of radiated noise invariant feature of underwater target, high resolution image sonar technique and anti-interference transmission technology of underwater speech and image. The theoretical study achievement and the application of these technologies produce a series technology innovation in sonar design, such as large aperture linear towed array Sonar for long range signal detection, Synthetic Aperture Sonar(SAS) of high resolution image sonar, high fidelity real time voice communication sonar, passive ranging sonar,acoustic-guided torpedo, and multiple purpose surface and submerged buoy. Some of achievements, which was carried out in past 863 Program in marine area are introduced. The prospect of underwater acoustical signal processing and sonar technology is discussed in this paper, including deep sea acoustics, Arctic acoustics, radiated noise detection of quiet submarine, integrated information acquisition and data fusion technique in the field of underwater-sea surface-space. The special and irreplaceable important role of these technologies in constructing maritime power country is given.
The advances and prospect of underwater acoustical signal processing and sonar technology in China during last 40 years is introduced, including the theory and experiment of underwater acoustical signal modeling, technique of acoustical field matched,exploration and study of ocean waveguide and internal wave phenomena, information acquisition and processing of acoustical vector field, research work in time/space correlation performance of underwater acoustic channel, extraction and detection technique of radiated noise invariant feature of underwater target, high resolution image sonar technique and anti-interference transmission technology of underwater speech and image. The theoretical study achievement and the application of these technologies produce a series technology innovation in sonar design, such as large aperture linear towed array Sonar for long range signal detection, Synthetic Aperture Sonar(SAS) of high resolution image sonar, high fidelity real time voice communication sonar, passive ranging sonar,acoustic-guided torpedo, and multiple purpose surface and submerged buoy. Some of achievements, which was carried out in past 863 Program in marine area are introduced. The prospect of underwater acoustical signal processing and sonar technology is discussed in this paper, including deep sea acoustics, Arctic acoustics, radiated noise detection of quiet submarine, integrated information acquisition and data fusion technique in the field of underwater-sea surface-space. The special and irreplaceable important role of these technologies in constructing maritime power country is given.
引文
1塞耶·马汉.海权对历史的影响:1660-1783.范利鸿,译.西安:陕西师范大学出版社,2007.
2 Horton J W.声呐原理.冯秉铃,译.北京:国防工业出版社,1965.
3 Urick R J.水声原理.洪申,译.哈尔滨:哈尔滨船舶工程学院出版社,1990.
4 Li Q H.Digital sonar design in underwater acoustics:Principles and applications//International Wireless Internet Conference.Berlin:Springer,2012.
5 Winder A A.Sonar system technology.IEEE Trans,1975,(SU-20):291-232.
6 Vaccaro R J.The past,present,and the future of underwater acoustical signal processing.IEEE Signal Processing,1998,15(4):21-51.
7 Anderson V C,The first twenty years of acoustical signal processing.JASA,1972,51(3B):1062-1065.
8 Estrade R F,Starr E A.50 years of acoustic signal processing for detection:Coping with the digital revolution.IEEE Annals of the History of Computing,2005,27(2):65-78.
9 Naval Studies Board,National Research Council.Technology for the United States Navy and Marine Corps 2000-2035:Becoming a 21th Century Force.Washington D C:National Academies Press,1997.
10 Goodman R.A brief history of underwater acoustics.Proceedings of ASA,2004:204-227.
11 Hamblen N.Next generation stealth submarine.Sea Technology,1998,39(11):59-62.
12 Admjay L J.Address at US naval institute Annapolis seminar and 123rd annual meeting,Annapolis,1997.
13 Brekhovskikh C M,Lysanov Y P.Fundamentals of Ocean Acoustics.Berlin:Springer,1991.
14 Fowler M C,Albert D S,Garstka J J,et al.Network centric warfare:developing and leveraging information superiority.[2000-11-02].https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2598&context=nwc-review.
15 Lemon S G.Towed array history,1917-2003.IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering,2004,29(2):365-373.
16 Li Q H.Recent advances of shallow water underwater acoustics.Proceedings of UAM’2007,Crete,Greece,2007.
17 Camdy J V.Model based signal processing in the ocean.IEEEOceanic Engineering Society News Letter,2000,25(3):199-205.
18刘振坤,柳天明.汪德昭.北京:金城出版社,2008.
19 Miasnikov E.Can Russian submarines survive at sea?The fundamental limits of passive acoustics.Science&Global Security,1994,4(2):213-251.
20 SURTASS LFA.[2019-03-05].http://www.surtass-lfa.com.
21 Burenkov S V,Gavrilov A N,Uporin A Y,et al.Heard Island feasibility test:long-range sound transmission from Heard Island to Krylov underwater mountain.JASA,1994,96(4):2458-2463.
22 Kuperman W A.The generalized waveguide invariant concept with application to the vertical array in shallow water//Ocean Acoustic Phenomena and Signal Processing,ONR Workshop2002:33-66.
23 Song H C,Kuperman W A,Hodgkiss W S.A time reversal mirror with variable range focusing.JASA,1998,103(6):3234-3240.
24 Worcester P F,Spindel R C.North Pacific acoustic laboratory.JASA,2005,117(3):1449-1510.
25 Sullivan E J,Middleton D.Estimation and detection issues in matched field processing.IEEE of Oceanic Engineering Society,1993,18(3):156-167.
26 Nehorai A,Padeli E.Acoustic vector-sensor array processing.IEEE Xplore:IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing,1994,42:2481-2491.
27 Shchurov V A.Vector Acoustics of the Ocean.Vladivostok:Dalhawka,2003.
28 Sun G Q,Li Q H.Acoustic vector sensor signal processing.Chinese Journal of Acoustics,2004,29(6):491-498.
29 2004年全国水声学学术会议论文集.上海:《声学技术》编辑部,2004.
30水中军用目标特性学术交流会议论文集.上海:《声学技术》编辑部,2004.
31 Bright C.Better sonar driven by new transducer materials.Sea Technology,2000,41(6):17-21.
32 Mctaggant B.Thirty years of progress in sonar transducer technology.Proceedings of UDT,1991:1-11.
33 Sternlicht D,Pesaturo J F.Synthetic aperture sonar:frontiers in underwater imaging.Sea Technology,2004,45(11):27-34.
34 Curtin TB.ONR programin under watera coustic communications.Sea Technology,1999,40(5):17-27.
35李启虎.北极水声学:一门引人关注的新型学科.应用声学,2014,33(6):471-483.
36 Mikhalevsky P W.Arctic Acoustics,encyclopedia of ocean sciences.Academia Press,2001,(1):53-61.
37 O’Hara C A,Collis J M.Underwater acoustics in Arctic environment.[2011-11-01].http://59.80.44.98/inside.mines.edu/~jcollis/Pekerice_Lay_Language_Paper.pdf.
38 Jackbson L,Peng J C.China’s Arctic Aspirations.SIPRI Policy Paper,2012.
39 Zhou J X,Zhang X Z.Resonant interaction of sound wave with internal solitons in the coastal zone.JASA,1991,90(4):2042-2054.
40 Tang D J,Ramp S R,Dahl P H,et al.Proceedings,The ASIAEX International symposium.[2002-11-01].http://www.apl.washington.edu/research/downloads/publications/tr_0201.pdf.
41唐存勇.简介亚洲海域国际水声学实验.台湾自然科学简讯,2001,3(1):18-20.
42关定华.用声学方法监测海洋--海洋声层析技术和大洋气候声学测温.物理学进展,1996,16(3):504-514.
2 Horton J W.声呐原理.冯秉铃,译.北京:国防工业出版社,1965.
3 Urick R J.水声原理.洪申,译.哈尔滨:哈尔滨船舶工程学院出版社,1990.
4 Li Q H.Digital sonar design in underwater acoustics:Principles and applications//International Wireless Internet Conference.Berlin:Springer,2012.
5 Winder A A.Sonar system technology.IEEE Trans,1975,(SU-20):291-232.
6 Vaccaro R J.The past,present,and the future of underwater acoustical signal processing.IEEE Signal Processing,1998,15(4):21-51.
7 Anderson V C,The first twenty years of acoustical signal processing.JASA,1972,51(3B):1062-1065.
8 Estrade R F,Starr E A.50 years of acoustic signal processing for detection:Coping with the digital revolution.IEEE Annals of the History of Computing,2005,27(2):65-78.
9 Naval Studies Board,National Research Council.Technology for the United States Navy and Marine Corps 2000-2035:Becoming a 21th Century Force.Washington D C:National Academies Press,1997.
10 Goodman R.A brief history of underwater acoustics.Proceedings of ASA,2004:204-227.
11 Hamblen N.Next generation stealth submarine.Sea Technology,1998,39(11):59-62.
12 Admjay L J.Address at US naval institute Annapolis seminar and 123rd annual meeting,Annapolis,1997.
13 Brekhovskikh C M,Lysanov Y P.Fundamentals of Ocean Acoustics.Berlin:Springer,1991.
14 Fowler M C,Albert D S,Garstka J J,et al.Network centric warfare:developing and leveraging information superiority.[2000-11-02].https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2598&context=nwc-review.
15 Lemon S G.Towed array history,1917-2003.IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering,2004,29(2):365-373.
16 Li Q H.Recent advances of shallow water underwater acoustics.Proceedings of UAM’2007,Crete,Greece,2007.
17 Camdy J V.Model based signal processing in the ocean.IEEEOceanic Engineering Society News Letter,2000,25(3):199-205.
18刘振坤,柳天明.汪德昭.北京:金城出版社,2008.
19 Miasnikov E.Can Russian submarines survive at sea?The fundamental limits of passive acoustics.Science&Global Security,1994,4(2):213-251.
20 SURTASS LFA.[2019-03-05].http://www.surtass-lfa.com.
21 Burenkov S V,Gavrilov A N,Uporin A Y,et al.Heard Island feasibility test:long-range sound transmission from Heard Island to Krylov underwater mountain.JASA,1994,96(4):2458-2463.
22 Kuperman W A.The generalized waveguide invariant concept with application to the vertical array in shallow water//Ocean Acoustic Phenomena and Signal Processing,ONR Workshop2002:33-66.
23 Song H C,Kuperman W A,Hodgkiss W S.A time reversal mirror with variable range focusing.JASA,1998,103(6):3234-3240.
24 Worcester P F,Spindel R C.North Pacific acoustic laboratory.JASA,2005,117(3):1449-1510.
25 Sullivan E J,Middleton D.Estimation and detection issues in matched field processing.IEEE of Oceanic Engineering Society,1993,18(3):156-167.
26 Nehorai A,Padeli E.Acoustic vector-sensor array processing.IEEE Xplore:IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing,1994,42:2481-2491.
27 Shchurov V A.Vector Acoustics of the Ocean.Vladivostok:Dalhawka,2003.
28 Sun G Q,Li Q H.Acoustic vector sensor signal processing.Chinese Journal of Acoustics,2004,29(6):491-498.
29 2004年全国水声学学术会议论文集.上海:《声学技术》编辑部,2004.
30水中军用目标特性学术交流会议论文集.上海:《声学技术》编辑部,2004.
31 Bright C.Better sonar driven by new transducer materials.Sea Technology,2000,41(6):17-21.
32 Mctaggant B.Thirty years of progress in sonar transducer technology.Proceedings of UDT,1991:1-11.
33 Sternlicht D,Pesaturo J F.Synthetic aperture sonar:frontiers in underwater imaging.Sea Technology,2004,45(11):27-34.
34 Curtin TB.ONR programin under watera coustic communications.Sea Technology,1999,40(5):17-27.
35李启虎.北极水声学:一门引人关注的新型学科.应用声学,2014,33(6):471-483.
36 Mikhalevsky P W.Arctic Acoustics,encyclopedia of ocean sciences.Academia Press,2001,(1):53-61.
37 O’Hara C A,Collis J M.Underwater acoustics in Arctic environment.[2011-11-01].http://59.80.44.98/inside.mines.edu/~jcollis/Pekerice_Lay_Language_Paper.pdf.
38 Jackbson L,Peng J C.China’s Arctic Aspirations.SIPRI Policy Paper,2012.
39 Zhou J X,Zhang X Z.Resonant interaction of sound wave with internal solitons in the coastal zone.JASA,1991,90(4):2042-2054.
40 Tang D J,Ramp S R,Dahl P H,et al.Proceedings,The ASIAEX International symposium.[2002-11-01].http://www.apl.washington.edu/research/downloads/publications/tr_0201.pdf.
41唐存勇.简介亚洲海域国际水声学实验.台湾自然科学简讯,2001,3(1):18-20.
42关定华.用声学方法监测海洋--海洋声层析技术和大洋气候声学测温.物理学进展,1996,16(3):504-514.