网省两级AGC机组协调调度的二层规划模型
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摘要
现有关于网省两级自动发电控制(AGC)优化调度的研究未充分考虑网省调的上下级关系以及网/省调AGC机组的调频责任和调节特性。为此,根据中国电网网省调管理规程和控制性能标准(CPS)考核办法,提出网省两级AGC机组协调调度的二层规划模型。该模型以"网调分配调频任务、省调优化调节功率"为核心机制,上层网调模型主要负责省间AGC资源的协调,以全网AGC总调节费用最小为目标,考虑频率和联络线偏差等约束;下层省调模型负责省内AGC机组的协调,以本省调节费用最小为目标,考虑CPS指标等约束;上、下层模型通过各省调节功率分配和调节费用反馈实现互动。以含有5个省级控制区的网省两级电网为算例,考虑负荷小幅/大幅变动两个场景,通过对比所建模型和省级电网独立调度模型,验证了所建模型的有效性和适应性。
The existing model for automatic generation control(AGC) units dispatch in regionalprovincial grid fails to recognize the leader-follower relationship between the regional and provincial dispatch centers, and also fails to address the different regulation duties and characteristics of regionand province-units. A new bi-level programming model for coordinated dispatch of AGC units in regional-provincial grid is thus proposed, which is in compliance with the regional-provincial grid operation principles and control performance standards(CPS) in China. This model is featured by region-province coordination mechanism, i.e., the regional dispatch center is the leader with the goal of assigning the overall regulation power to each provincial grid, while each provincial grid is the follower with the goal of optimizing regulation power of each province-unit. The upper model aims to minimize the overall AGC cost by coordinating control behaviors of all provinces and considering the constraints of frequency and tie-power. The lower model tries to minimize the local regulation cost by coordinating all the local AGC units subject to constraints such as CPS index. The upper and lower models are coupled through AGC task allocation and local regulation cost feedback. Compared with the single-level province decision model, numerical experiments on a sample bi-level gird including 5 provinces under two load variation scenarios demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model.
The existing model for automatic generation control(AGC) units dispatch in regionalprovincial grid fails to recognize the leader-follower relationship between the regional and provincial dispatch centers, and also fails to address the different regulation duties and characteristics of regionand province-units. A new bi-level programming model for coordinated dispatch of AGC units in regional-provincial grid is thus proposed, which is in compliance with the regional-provincial grid operation principles and control performance standards(CPS) in China. This model is featured by region-province coordination mechanism, i.e., the regional dispatch center is the leader with the goal of assigning the overall regulation power to each provincial grid, while each provincial grid is the follower with the goal of optimizing regulation power of each province-unit. The upper model aims to minimize the overall AGC cost by coordinating control behaviors of all provinces and considering the constraints of frequency and tie-power. The lower model tries to minimize the local regulation cost by coordinating all the local AGC units subject to constraints such as CPS index. The upper and lower models are coupled through AGC task allocation and local regulation cost feedback. Compared with the single-level province decision model, numerical experiments on a sample bi-level gird including 5 provinces under two load variation scenarios demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model.
引文
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[13]李滨,韦化,农蔚涛,等.基于现代内点理论的互联电网控制性能评价标准下的AGC控制策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2008,28(25):56-61.Li Bin,Wei Hua,Nong Weitao,et al.AGC control strategy under control performance standard for interconnected power grid based on optimization theory[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2008,28(25):56-61.
[14]赵万宗,李滨,韦化,等.互联电网CPS标准下计及一次调频的最优AGC控制模型[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(10):2656-2664.Zhao Wanzong,Li Bin,Wei Hua,et al.The optimal AGC control strategy considering the primary frequency regulation under the control performance standard for the interconnected power grid[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(10):2656-2664.
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[17]赵霞,张荣荣,赵瑞锋,等.CPS标准下AGC机组动态优化调度的改进模型[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(5):99-106.Zhao Xia,Zhang Rongrong,Zhao Ruifeng,et al.An extended dynamic optimization model for AGCgenerators dispatch under CPS[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(5):99-106.
[18]王广民,万仲平,王先甲.二(双)层规划综述[J].数学进展,2007,36(5):513-529.Wang Guangmin,Wan Zhongping,Wang Xianjia.Bibliography on bi-level programming[J].Advances in mathematics,2007,36(5):513-529.
[19]许旭锋,黄民翔,王婷婷,等.基于模糊机会约束二层规划的配电网检修计划优化[J].电工技术学报,2010,25(3):157-163.Xu Xunfeng,Huang Minxiang,Wang Tingting,et al.Optimization of distribution network maintenance scheduling based on fuzzy chance-constrained bi-level programming[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2010,25(3):157-163.
[20]吴聪,唐巍,白牧可,等.基于二层规划的用户侧能源互联网规划[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(21):53-62.Wu Cong,Tang Wei,Bai Muke,et al.Optimal planning of energy internet near user side based on bi-level programming[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(21):537-62.
[21]黄贵鸿,雷霞,杨毅,等.考虑风电与用户满意度的电动汽车两层智能充放电策略[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(5):85-97.Huang Guihong,Lei Xia,Yan Yi,et al.Two-layer smart charge-discharge strategies for electric vehicles considering wind generation and users’satisfaction[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(5):85-97.
[22]刘佳,徐谦,程浩忠,等.计及主动配电网转供能力的可再生电源双层优化规划[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(9):179-188.Liu Jia,Xu Qian,Cheng Haozhong,et al.Bi-level optimal renewable energy sources planning considering active distribution network power transfer capability[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(9):179-188.
[23]杜文,黄崇超.求解二层规划问题的遗传算法[J].数学杂志,2005,25(2):513-529.Du Wen,Huang Chongchao.Genetic algorithms for bi-level programming[J].Journal of Mathematic,2005,25(2):513-529.
[24]巴宇,刘娆,李卫东.CPS及其考核在北美与国内的应用比较[J].电力系统自动化,2012,36(15):63-72.Ba Yu,Liu Rao,Li Weidong.Comparison of CPSand its assessment between North America and China[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2012,36(15):63-72.
[25]Chang W.Advances in evolutionary algorithms:theory,design and practice[J].Studies in Computational Intelligence,2006,18(3):1087-1093.
[26]徐伟宣,何建秋,邹庆云.目标函数带绝对值号的特殊非线性规划问题[J].中国管理科学,1987(3):9-13.Xu Weixuan,He Jianqiu,Zou Qingyun.Special nonlinear programming problem with absolute value of the objective function[J].Chinese Journal of Management Science,1987(3):9-13.
[2]Jaleeli N.NERC's new control performance standards[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,1999,14(3):1092-1099.
[3]华中电网有限公司(华中分部).华中电网调度控制运行管理细则[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2016.
[4]徐琰,朱翠兰,曾伟民.华中电网AGC分层控制模式的探讨[J].电力系统自动化,2000,24(22):45-48.Xu Yan,Zhu Cuilan,Zeng Weimin.Study on hierarchical AGC mode in Central China Power Grid[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2000,24(22):45-48.
[5]高宗和,滕贤亮,涂力群.互联电网AGC分层控制与CPS控制策略[J].电力系统自动化,2004,28(1):78-81.Gao Zonghe,Teng Xianliang,Tu Liqun.Hierarchical AGC mode and CPS control strategy for interconnected power systems[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2004,28(1):78-81.
[6]江木,吴文传,张伯明,等.特高压联网下AGC协调控制策略仿真[J].电力系统自动化,2010,34(14):75-78.Jiang Mu,Wu Wenchuan,Zhang Bomin,et al.Simulation of an AGC coordinated control strategy for ultra-high voltage interconnected power system[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2010,34(14):75-78.
[7]张孝顺,余涛,唐捷.基于CEQ(λ)多智能体协同学习的互联电网性能标准控制指令动态分配优化算法[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(8):125-133.Zhang Xiaoshun,Yu Tao,Tang Jie,et al.Dynamic optimal allocation algorithm for control performance standard order of interconnected power grids using synergetic learning of multi-agent CEQ(λ)[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(8):125-133.
[8]王莹,刘兵,刘天斌,等.特高压直流闭锁后省间紧急功率支援的协调优化调度策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(11):2695-2702.Wang Ying,Liu Bing,Liu Tianbin,et al.Coordinated optimal dispatching of emergency power support among provinces after UHVDC transmission system block fault[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(11):2695-2702.
[9]张磊,罗毅,肖雅元,等.大规模风电并网条件下AGC机组跨区分布式最优协调控制[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(9):42-49.Zhang Lei,Luo Yi,Xiao Yayuan,et al.Transregional and distributed optimal coordination control of AGC units under large-scale wind power grid[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(9):42-49.
[10]郭亮,于昌海,吴继平,等.四川电网AGC机组协调优化控制策略研究与应用[J].电力系统保护与控制,2016,44(17):159-164.Guo Liang,Yu Changhai,Wu Jiping,et al.Research and application of AGC generators coordinated optimization control strategy in Sichuan Power Grid[J].Power System Protection and Control,2016,44(17):159-164.
[11]文学,王坚.南方电网调频模式现状及未来调频模式研究[J].电网技术,2010,34(12):119-123.Wen Xue,Wang Jian.Research on current situation and its future of frequency regulation mode of China Southern Power Grid[J].Power System Technology,2010,34(12):119-123.
[12]余涛,周斌,陈家荣.基于多步回溯Q(λ)学习的互联电网随机最优CPS控制[J].电工技术学报,2011,26(6):179-186.Yu Tao,Zhou Bin,Chan Ka-wing,et al.Stochastic optimal CPS control for interconnected power grids using multi-step backtrack Q(λ)learning[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2011,26(6):179-186.
[13]李滨,韦化,农蔚涛,等.基于现代内点理论的互联电网控制性能评价标准下的AGC控制策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2008,28(25):56-61.Li Bin,Wei Hua,Nong Weitao,et al.AGC control strategy under control performance standard for interconnected power grid based on optimization theory[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2008,28(25):56-61.
[14]赵万宗,李滨,韦化,等.互联电网CPS标准下计及一次调频的最优AGC控制模型[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(10):2656-2664.Zhao Wanzong,Li Bin,Wei Hua,et al.The optimal AGC control strategy considering the primary frequency regulation under the control performance standard for the interconnected power grid[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(10):2656-2664.
[15]Yan W,Zhao R,Zhao X,et al.Dynamic optimization model of AGC strategy under CPS for interconnected power system[J].International Review of Electrical Engineering,2012,7(5):5733-5743.
[16]赵瑞锋.互联电网AGC的动态优化策略及其在线计算平台研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2013.
[17]赵霞,张荣荣,赵瑞锋,等.CPS标准下AGC机组动态优化调度的改进模型[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(5):99-106.Zhao Xia,Zhang Rongrong,Zhao Ruifeng,et al.An extended dynamic optimization model for AGCgenerators dispatch under CPS[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(5):99-106.
[18]王广民,万仲平,王先甲.二(双)层规划综述[J].数学进展,2007,36(5):513-529.Wang Guangmin,Wan Zhongping,Wang Xianjia.Bibliography on bi-level programming[J].Advances in mathematics,2007,36(5):513-529.
[19]许旭锋,黄民翔,王婷婷,等.基于模糊机会约束二层规划的配电网检修计划优化[J].电工技术学报,2010,25(3):157-163.Xu Xunfeng,Huang Minxiang,Wang Tingting,et al.Optimization of distribution network maintenance scheduling based on fuzzy chance-constrained bi-level programming[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2010,25(3):157-163.
[20]吴聪,唐巍,白牧可,等.基于二层规划的用户侧能源互联网规划[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(21):53-62.Wu Cong,Tang Wei,Bai Muke,et al.Optimal planning of energy internet near user side based on bi-level programming[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(21):537-62.
[21]黄贵鸿,雷霞,杨毅,等.考虑风电与用户满意度的电动汽车两层智能充放电策略[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(5):85-97.Huang Guihong,Lei Xia,Yan Yi,et al.Two-layer smart charge-discharge strategies for electric vehicles considering wind generation and users’satisfaction[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(5):85-97.
[22]刘佳,徐谦,程浩忠,等.计及主动配电网转供能力的可再生电源双层优化规划[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(9):179-188.Liu Jia,Xu Qian,Cheng Haozhong,et al.Bi-level optimal renewable energy sources planning considering active distribution network power transfer capability[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(9):179-188.
[23]杜文,黄崇超.求解二层规划问题的遗传算法[J].数学杂志,2005,25(2):513-529.Du Wen,Huang Chongchao.Genetic algorithms for bi-level programming[J].Journal of Mathematic,2005,25(2):513-529.
[24]巴宇,刘娆,李卫东.CPS及其考核在北美与国内的应用比较[J].电力系统自动化,2012,36(15):63-72.Ba Yu,Liu Rao,Li Weidong.Comparison of CPSand its assessment between North America and China[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2012,36(15):63-72.
[25]Chang W.Advances in evolutionary algorithms:theory,design and practice[J].Studies in Computational Intelligence,2006,18(3):1087-1093.
[26]徐伟宣,何建秋,邹庆云.目标函数带绝对值号的特殊非线性规划问题[J].中国管理科学,1987(3):9-13.Xu Weixuan,He Jianqiu,Zou Qingyun.Special nonlinear programming problem with absolute value of the objective function[J].Chinese Journal of Management Science,1987(3):9-13.