Readout electronics for a high-resolution soft X-ray spectrometer based on silicon drift detector
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摘要
The readout electronics for a prototype soft X-ray spectrometer based on silicon drift detector(SDD),for precisely measuring the energy and arrival time of X-ray photons is presented in this paper.The system mainly consists of two parts,i.e.,an analog electronics section(including a pre-amplifier,a signal shaper and filter,a constant fraction timing circuit,and a peak hold circuit)and a digital electronics section(including an ADC and a TDC).Test results with X-ray sources show that an energy dynamic range of 1-10 keV with an integral nonlinearity of less than 0.1%can be achieved,and the energy resolution is better than 160 eV @ 5.9 keV FWHM.Using a waveform generator,test results also indicate that time resolution of the electronics system is about 3.7 ns,which is much less than the transit time spread of SDD(<100 ns)and satisfies the requirements of future applications.
The readout electronics for a prototype soft X-ray spectrometer based on silicon drift detector(SDD),for precisely measuring the energy and arrival time of X-ray photons is presented in this paper.The system mainly consists of two parts,i.e.,an analog electronics section(including a pre-amplifier,a signal shaper and filter,a constant fraction timing circuit,and a peak hold circuit)and a digital electronics section(including an ADC and a TDC).Test results with X-ray sources show that an energy dynamic range of 1-10 keV with an integral nonlinearity of less than 0.1%can be achieved,and the energy resolution is better than 160 eV @ 5.9 keV FWHM.Using a waveform generator,test results also indicate that time resolution of the electronics system is about 3.7 ns,which is much less than the transit time spread of SDD(<100 ns)and satisfies the requirements of future applications.
The readout electronics for a prototype soft X-ray spectrometer based on silicon drift detector(SDD),for precisely measuring the energy and arrival time of X-ray photons is presented in this paper.The system mainly consists of two parts,i.e.,an analog electronics section(including a pre-amplifier,a signal shaper and filter,a constant fraction timing circuit,and a peak hold circuit)and a digital electronics section(including an ADC and a TDC).Test results with X-ray sources show that an energy dynamic range of 1-10 keV with an integral nonlinearity of less than 0.1%can be achieved,and the energy resolution is better than 160 eV @ 5.9 keV FWHM.Using a waveform generator,test results also indicate that time resolution of the electronics system is about 3.7 ns,which is much less than the transit time spread of SDD(<100 ns)and satisfies the requirements of future applications.
引文
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2.K.C.Gendreau,Z.Arzoumanian,T.Okajima,The neutron star interior composition exploreR(NICER):an explorer mission of opportunity for soft X-ray timing spectroscopy.SPIE Sp.Telesc.Instrum.(2012).doi:10.1117/12.926396
3.S.I.Sheikh,D.J Pines,Recursive estimation of spacecraft position using X-ray pulsar time of arrival measurements.ION61st Annual Meeting,2005.doi:10.1002/j.2161-4296.2006.tb00380.x
4.P.S.Ray,K.S.Wood,B.F.Philips,Spacecraft navigation using X-ray pulsars.NRL Rev.29(1),49-63(2006)
5.K.Mitsuda,M.Bautz,H.Inoue et al.,The X-ray observatory Suzaku.Astron.Soc.Jpn.(2007).doi:10.1093/pasj/59.spl.S1
6.M.Feroci,J.W.Herder,E Bozzo et al.,LOFT-the large observatory for X-ray timing,in Proceeding of SPIE,vol 8443,2012.doi:10.1117/12.926310
7.G.Bertuccio,M.Ahangarianabhari,C.Graziani et al.,X-ray silicon drift detector-CMOS front-end system with high energy resolution at room temperature.IEEE Trans.Nucl.Sci.63(1),400-406(2016).doi:10.1109/TNS.2015.2513602
8.L.M.B Winternitz,K.C.Gendreau,M.A.Hassouneh et al.,The role of X-rays in future space navigation and communication.36th Annual AAS Guidance and Control Conference,2013
9.KETEK VITUS H30 Product-Information Rev 23.12.2013.http://www.ketek.net/downloads/vitus-sdd/
10.L.Zhao,L.F.Kang,J.W.Zhou et al.,A 16-channel high-resolution time and charge measurement module for the external target experiment in the CSR of HIRFL.Nucl.Sci.Tech.25,010401(2014).doi:10.13538/j.1001-8042/nst.25.010401
11.X.J.Hao,S.B.Liu,L.Zhao et al.,A digitalizing board for the prototype array of LHAASO WCDA.Nucl.Sci.Tech.22,178-184(2011).doi:10.13538/j.1001-8042/nst.22.178-184
12.Q.B.Zheng,C.Q.Feng,Y.Q.Huang et al.,Design and implementation of a high resolution DAQ system for an(e,2e+ion)electron momentum spectrometer.IEEE Trans.Nucl.Sci.(2015).doi:10.1109/TNS.2015.2497282
13.KETEK VICO-PA Product Information Rev 2013.08.28.http://www.ketek.net/downloads/vico/
14.G.Prigozhin,K.Gendreau,R.Foster et al.,Characterization of the silicon drift detector for NICER instrument.Proc.SPIE 8453(2012).doi:10.1117/12.926667
15.J.B.Zhou,X.Hong,B.R.Wang et al.,Study of recursive model for pole-zero cancellation circuit.Nucl.Sci.Tech.25,010403(2014).doi:10.13538/j.1001-8042/nst.25.010403
16.ORTEC.Fast-timing discriminator introduction.AMP-TEK Adv.Meas.Technol.http://www.ortec-online.com/Products-Solutions/Modular-Electronic-Instruments-Fast-Timing.aspx.
17.K.Chen,S.Liu,Q.An.,A high precision time-to-digital converter based on multi-phase clock implemented within FPGA.Nucl.Sci.Tech.21,123-128(2010).doi:10.13538/j.1001-8042/nst.21.123-128
18.C.F.Ye,L.Zhao,Z.Y.Zhou et al.,A field-programmable-gatearray based time digitizer for the time-of-flight mass spectrometry.Rev.Sci.Instrum.85,045115(2014).doi:10.1063/1.4870922
19.W.Middleton.Energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis.NORAN Instruments,pp.5-9(1999)