楹联文质构成的诗性特征
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摘要
楹联是贴挂在门柱上的对联,因其是展示于门外供人观赏的作品,因而更具有社会文化性质与公众性的审美作用。所有对联的体式皆以格律诗的平仄文字相对仗,并在上联句尾以仄声字起,而下联句以平声字收尾,构成严格的律诗联句,属于文学诗类中遵格律而不押韵的联句诗。因此不仅在体式上是诗,而在许多名联内涵的意指上,又特具主体的理性与情思的寄托与评量,特别引人关注,多是抒情与叙事合为一体并展示于外的诗。绝大多数对联字数较少,更见律诗惜字如金的精到。楹联是中国古今相续的民族文化,作联则最需要有中国传统的文化素养和写近体诗的文化修养功夫。
Because couplets are works displayed on the doors for people to appreciate, their aesthetics are social and public. In style they use antithesis and tonal patterns of the metrical poems, with its first line ending with an oblique tone and second line ending with a level tone. Therefore,it is metrical but unrhymed couplet poem in genre. Not only in form, many couplets are poetic in meaning, for they communicate the writer's sense and sentiment and combine narrative and the lyrical. The number of characters in most couplet also reflect the concision of metrical poetry. Hence, couplet is an inherited form of national culture, and its writing is based on traditional cultural competence, including the ability of writing metrical poems.
Because couplets are works displayed on the doors for people to appreciate, their aesthetics are social and public. In style they use antithesis and tonal patterns of the metrical poems, with its first line ending with an oblique tone and second line ending with a level tone. Therefore,it is metrical but unrhymed couplet poem in genre. Not only in form, many couplets are poetic in meaning, for they communicate the writer's sense and sentiment and combine narrative and the lyrical. The number of characters in most couplet also reflect the concision of metrical poetry. Hence, couplet is an inherited form of national culture, and its writing is based on traditional cultural competence, including the ability of writing metrical poems.
引文
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[2]范晔.孔融传[M]//后汉书.北京:中华书局,2007.
[3]王安石.王安石文集[M].沈阳:辽海出版社,2010.
[4]曹雪芹.红楼梦[M].北京:人民文学出版社,1996.
[5]郑永晓.黄庭坚全集:辑校编年[M].南昌:江西人民出版社,2011.
[2]范晔.孔融传[M]//后汉书.北京:中华书局,2007.
[3]王安石.王安石文集[M].沈阳:辽海出版社,2010.
[4]曹雪芹.红楼梦[M].北京:人民文学出版社,1996.
[5]郑永晓.黄庭坚全集:辑校编年[M].南昌:江西人民出版社,2011.