振动助渗制备45钢表面铝化物涂层及其抗高温氧化性能
|
摘要
为降低渗铝温度以细化晶粒和提高45钢表面的抗高温氧化性能,采用振动助渗在其表面制备纳米结构铝化物涂层。采用X射线衍射仪分析涂层的相组成,采用扫描电子显微镜和原子力显微镜观察涂层的微观组织结构,采用能量色散光谱仪分析涂层微区化学成分,采用划痕仪检测涂层与基体的结合强度。结果表明:铝化物涂层主要由η-Fe_2Al_5和少量θ-FeAl_3相组成,且其具有单层、致密及均匀特性。120min振动助渗下形成的铝化物涂层表面呈现出凹坑和丘陵状两种典型纳米结构区域,且距表面越远,涂层的纳米晶越粗大;垂直加载载荷68N时出现噪声信号,涂层开始发生破损;涂层抗氧化试验中的氧化增重量和剥落量仅为未表面涂层处理45钢试样的1/60和1/160,说明铝化物涂层显著增强了45钢表面抗高温氧化的能力。
In order to reduce the aluminizing temperature to refine grain and improve the high-temperature oxidation resistance of 45 steel surface,nanostructured aluminide coating was prepared on the surface by vibration assisted infiltration.The phase composition of the coating was analyzed by X-ray diffractometer.The microstructure of the coating was observed by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy.The chemical composition of the coating was analyzed by energy dispersive spectrometer.The bond strength between coating and substrate was measured by scratch tester.The results show that the aluminide coating is mainly composed ofη-Fe_2Al_5 and a small amount ofθ-FeAl_3 phases,and having single,dense and uniform characteristics.At 120 min,the surface of the aluminide coating formed by vibration assisted infiltration has two typical nanostructure regions of pits and hills,the longer the distance from the surface,the larger the nanocrystalline of the coating.When the load is perpendicular to 68 N,the noise signal appears,and the coating is damaged.The oxidation weight gain and spalling capacity of the coating in the oxidation resistance test are only 1/60 and 1/160 of the 45 steel sample treated with the less surface coating,that is,the aluminide coating remarkably enhances the ability of the 45 steel surface to resist high temperature oxidation.
In order to reduce the aluminizing temperature to refine grain and improve the high-temperature oxidation resistance of 45 steel surface,nanostructured aluminide coating was prepared on the surface by vibration assisted infiltration.The phase composition of the coating was analyzed by X-ray diffractometer.The microstructure of the coating was observed by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy.The chemical composition of the coating was analyzed by energy dispersive spectrometer.The bond strength between coating and substrate was measured by scratch tester.The results show that the aluminide coating is mainly composed ofη-Fe_2Al_5 and a small amount ofθ-FeAl_3 phases,and having single,dense and uniform characteristics.At 120 min,the surface of the aluminide coating formed by vibration assisted infiltration has two typical nanostructure regions of pits and hills,the longer the distance from the surface,the larger the nanocrystalline of the coating.When the load is perpendicular to 68 N,the noise signal appears,and the coating is damaged.The oxidation weight gain and spalling capacity of the coating in the oxidation resistance test are only 1/60 and 1/160 of the 45 steel sample treated with the less surface coating,that is,the aluminide coating remarkably enhances the ability of the 45 steel surface to resist high temperature oxidation.
引文
1 GuilemanyJ M,Lima C R C,Cinca N,et al.Studies of Fe-40Al coatings obtained by high velocity oxy-fuel[J].Surface&Coatings Technology,2006,201(5):2072.
2 Tan P,Chen J M,Tang H P,et al.Research progress on sulfidation corrosion behavior of ion-aluminides intermetallics at high temperature[J].Rare Metal Materials and Engineering,2012(s2):817(in Chinese).谈萍,陈金妹,汤慧萍,等.Fe-Al系合金抗高温硫化腐蚀性能研究进展[J].稀有金属材料与工程,2012(s2):817.
3 Meng K,Liu Z,Wang Y,et al.Research progress of embedding low-temperature aluminizing process for carbon steel powder[J].Hot Working Technology,2016(24):31(in Chinese).孟堃,刘忠,王远,等.碳钢粉末包埋低温渗铝工艺的研究进展[J].热加工工艺,2016(24):31.
4 Choy K L.Chemical vapour deposition of coatings[J].Progress in Materials Science,2003,48(2):57.
5 Yuan X M,Yang H G,Zhao W W,et al.The pack-cementation process of iron-aluminide coating on China low activation martensitic and 316Laustenitic stainless steel[J].Fusion Science&Technology,2011,60(3):1065.
6 Zhan Z L.Accelerating formation of nanocrystallite Al-coatings by ball peening process[D].Beijing:University of Science and Technology Beijing,2005(in Chinese).詹肇麟.喷丸加速制备纳米结构铝化物涂层的研究[D].北京:北京科技大学,2005.
7 Bleck W,Pariser G,Trute S,et al.New developments for microalloyed heat treating steels[J].Materials Science Forum,2003,426-432:1201.
8 Jiang Q W,Liu Y,Wang Y,et al.Microstructural instability of ultrafine-grained copper under annealing and high-temperature deforing[J].Acta Metallurgica Sinica,2009,45(7):873(in Chinese).姜庆伟,刘印,王尧,等.超细晶铜在退火与高温变形条件下微观结构的不稳定性研究[J].金属学报,2009,45(7):873.
9 Azadmanjiri J,Berndt C C,Kapoor A,et al.Development of surface nano-crystallization in slloys by surface mechanical attrition treatment(SMAT)[J].Critical Reviews in Solid State&Materials Sciences,2015,40(3):164.
10 Yang X C.Effects of surface mechanical lapping on microstructure and mechanical properties of pure copper under different experimental parameters[D].Kunming:Kunming University of Science and Technology,2015(in Chinese).杨新诚.不同实验参数下表面机械研磨对纯铜组织及力学性能的影响[D].昆明:昆明理工大学,2015.
11 Liu G,Yong X P,Lu K.Research status of surface nanocrystallization of metal materials[J].China Surface Engineering,2001,14(3):1 (in Chinese).刘刚,雍兴平,卢柯.金属材料表面纳米化的研究现状[J].中国表面工程,2001,14(3):1.
12 Tsuji N,Ito Y,Saito Y,et al.Strength and ductility of ultrafine grained aluminum and iron produced by ARB and annealing[J].Scripta Materialia,2002,47(12):893.
13 Huang C.Study on diffusion dependent properties of Fe-Al system[D].Nanning:Guangxi University,2015(in Chinese).黄超.Fe-Al体系扩散相关性质的研究[D].南宁:广西大学,2015.
14 Goldbeck R N O K V.IRON—Binary phase diagrams[M].Berlin,Heidelberg:Springer,1982.
15 Qi B S,Wang C G,Yao X,et al.Characteristics of Cr and Al powders by high energy ball milling[J].Chinese Journal of Rare Metals,2000,24(5):325(in Chinese).齐宝森,王成国,姚新,等.高能球磨金属铬、铝粉末的特征[J].稀有金属,2000,24(5):325.
16 Feng L J,Liu Y H.Preparation of ultrafine Cu-Zn powder by the methods of thermal spray and ball milling[J].Journal of Materials Science&Engineering,2004,22(4):527.
17 Liu W.High temperature oxidation and hot corrosion behavior of Al-Cr composite coating on TC21alloy surface[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2016(in Chinese).刘文.TC21合金表面Al-Cr复合涂层的高温氧化和热腐蚀行为研究[D].南京:南京航空航天大学,2016.
18 Cui S Y,Miao Q,Liang W P,et al.Effect of diffusion treatment on high temperature oxidation resistance of magnetron sputtered Al/Al2O3film on Ti2AlNb alloy substrate[J].Materials Protection,2015,48(2):47(in Chinese).崔世宇,缪强,梁文萍,等.Ti2AlNb基合金表面磁控溅射Al/Al2O3薄膜及扩散处理对其抗高温氧化性能的影响[J].材料保护,2015,48(2):47.
2 Tan P,Chen J M,Tang H P,et al.Research progress on sulfidation corrosion behavior of ion-aluminides intermetallics at high temperature[J].Rare Metal Materials and Engineering,2012(s2):817(in Chinese).谈萍,陈金妹,汤慧萍,等.Fe-Al系合金抗高温硫化腐蚀性能研究进展[J].稀有金属材料与工程,2012(s2):817.
3 Meng K,Liu Z,Wang Y,et al.Research progress of embedding low-temperature aluminizing process for carbon steel powder[J].Hot Working Technology,2016(24):31(in Chinese).孟堃,刘忠,王远,等.碳钢粉末包埋低温渗铝工艺的研究进展[J].热加工工艺,2016(24):31.
4 Choy K L.Chemical vapour deposition of coatings[J].Progress in Materials Science,2003,48(2):57.
5 Yuan X M,Yang H G,Zhao W W,et al.The pack-cementation process of iron-aluminide coating on China low activation martensitic and 316Laustenitic stainless steel[J].Fusion Science&Technology,2011,60(3):1065.
6 Zhan Z L.Accelerating formation of nanocrystallite Al-coatings by ball peening process[D].Beijing:University of Science and Technology Beijing,2005(in Chinese).詹肇麟.喷丸加速制备纳米结构铝化物涂层的研究[D].北京:北京科技大学,2005.
7 Bleck W,Pariser G,Trute S,et al.New developments for microalloyed heat treating steels[J].Materials Science Forum,2003,426-432:1201.
8 Jiang Q W,Liu Y,Wang Y,et al.Microstructural instability of ultrafine-grained copper under annealing and high-temperature deforing[J].Acta Metallurgica Sinica,2009,45(7):873(in Chinese).姜庆伟,刘印,王尧,等.超细晶铜在退火与高温变形条件下微观结构的不稳定性研究[J].金属学报,2009,45(7):873.
9 Azadmanjiri J,Berndt C C,Kapoor A,et al.Development of surface nano-crystallization in slloys by surface mechanical attrition treatment(SMAT)[J].Critical Reviews in Solid State&Materials Sciences,2015,40(3):164.
10 Yang X C.Effects of surface mechanical lapping on microstructure and mechanical properties of pure copper under different experimental parameters[D].Kunming:Kunming University of Science and Technology,2015(in Chinese).杨新诚.不同实验参数下表面机械研磨对纯铜组织及力学性能的影响[D].昆明:昆明理工大学,2015.
11 Liu G,Yong X P,Lu K.Research status of surface nanocrystallization of metal materials[J].China Surface Engineering,2001,14(3):1 (in Chinese).刘刚,雍兴平,卢柯.金属材料表面纳米化的研究现状[J].中国表面工程,2001,14(3):1.
12 Tsuji N,Ito Y,Saito Y,et al.Strength and ductility of ultrafine grained aluminum and iron produced by ARB and annealing[J].Scripta Materialia,2002,47(12):893.
13 Huang C.Study on diffusion dependent properties of Fe-Al system[D].Nanning:Guangxi University,2015(in Chinese).黄超.Fe-Al体系扩散相关性质的研究[D].南宁:广西大学,2015.
14 Goldbeck R N O K V.IRON—Binary phase diagrams[M].Berlin,Heidelberg:Springer,1982.
15 Qi B S,Wang C G,Yao X,et al.Characteristics of Cr and Al powders by high energy ball milling[J].Chinese Journal of Rare Metals,2000,24(5):325(in Chinese).齐宝森,王成国,姚新,等.高能球磨金属铬、铝粉末的特征[J].稀有金属,2000,24(5):325.
16 Feng L J,Liu Y H.Preparation of ultrafine Cu-Zn powder by the methods of thermal spray and ball milling[J].Journal of Materials Science&Engineering,2004,22(4):527.
17 Liu W.High temperature oxidation and hot corrosion behavior of Al-Cr composite coating on TC21alloy surface[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2016(in Chinese).刘文.TC21合金表面Al-Cr复合涂层的高温氧化和热腐蚀行为研究[D].南京:南京航空航天大学,2016.
18 Cui S Y,Miao Q,Liang W P,et al.Effect of diffusion treatment on high temperature oxidation resistance of magnetron sputtered Al/Al2O3film on Ti2AlNb alloy substrate[J].Materials Protection,2015,48(2):47(in Chinese).崔世宇,缪强,梁文萍,等.Ti2AlNb基合金表面磁控溅射Al/Al2O3薄膜及扩散处理对其抗高温氧化性能的影响[J].材料保护,2015,48(2):47.