4种有机磷农药对黄鳝幼鱼的急性毒性研究
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摘要
为了解稻田常用农药对黄鳝(Monopterus albus)幼鱼的毒性效应,以体质量(0.03±0.01)g的黄鳝幼鱼为对象,在水温(27.0±1.5)℃、p H(7.75±0.25)条件下,采用半静态水生生物急性毒性实验方法,测定了氧乐果、乙酰甲胺磷、马拉硫磷、敌百虫等4种有机磷农药对其的急性毒性效应。结果表明,氧乐果、乙酰甲胺磷、马拉硫磷、敌百虫的24 h半致死浓度分别为:6.190、67.350、5.058、13.622 mg/L;48 h半致死浓度分别为:4.460、60.954、3.981、6.993 mg/L;72 h半致死浓度分别为:3.042、55.804、3.404、3.303 mg/L;96 h半致死浓度分别为:1.761、51.286、2.992、2.308 mg/L;其安全浓度分别为0.695、14.978、0.740、0.553 mg/L。对照国家环保总局发布的毒性分类标准,氧乐果、马拉硫磷和敌百虫对黄鳝幼鱼而言属中等毒性农药,而乙酰甲胺磷则属低毒性农药。
The acute toxicity of four kinds of organophosphorus pesticides to juvenile Monopterus albus were tested in this study,including omethoate,acephate,malathion and dipterex. The average weight of( 0. 03 ± 0. 01) g juvenile were chosen as study object,which were cultured at the water temperature of( 27. 0 ± 1. 5) ℃,p H( 7. 75 ± 0. 25) condition and tested by semi-static aquatic organism acute toxicity methods. The results showed that the 24 h median lethal concentration( LC50) for omethoate,acephate,malathion and dipterex were 6. 190,67. 350,5. 058 and 13. 622 mg/L,respectively. The 48 h LC50 were 4. 460,60. 954,3. 981 and 6. 993 mg/L, respectively. The 72 h LC50 were 3. 042,55. 804,3. 404,3. 303 mg/L,respectively. The 96 h LC50 were 1. 761,51. 286,2. 992 and 2. 308 mg/L,respectively. The safe concentrations of the four organophosphorus pesticides to juvenile M. albus were 0. 695,14. 978,0. 740 and0. 553 mg/L,respectively. According to the toxic classification standards published by state environmental protection administration,omethoate,malathion and dipterex belonged to the medium toxic substances of juvenile M. albus, while acephate belonged to the low toxic substances of juvenile M. albus.
The acute toxicity of four kinds of organophosphorus pesticides to juvenile Monopterus albus were tested in this study,including omethoate,acephate,malathion and dipterex. The average weight of( 0. 03 ± 0. 01) g juvenile were chosen as study object,which were cultured at the water temperature of( 27. 0 ± 1. 5) ℃,p H( 7. 75 ± 0. 25) condition and tested by semi-static aquatic organism acute toxicity methods. The results showed that the 24 h median lethal concentration( LC50) for omethoate,acephate,malathion and dipterex were 6. 190,67. 350,5. 058 and 13. 622 mg/L,respectively. The 48 h LC50 were 4. 460,60. 954,3. 981 and 6. 993 mg/L, respectively. The 72 h LC50 were 3. 042,55. 804,3. 404,3. 303 mg/L,respectively. The 96 h LC50 were 1. 761,51. 286,2. 992 and 2. 308 mg/L,respectively. The safe concentrations of the four organophosphorus pesticides to juvenile M. albus were 0. 695,14. 978,0. 740 and0. 553 mg/L,respectively. According to the toxic classification standards published by state environmental protection administration,omethoate,malathion and dipterex belonged to the medium toxic substances of juvenile M. albus, while acephate belonged to the low toxic substances of juvenile M. albus.
引文
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[2]FAO.Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics[R].2015 FAO yearbook annuaire anuarin.
[3]湖北省水产局.鳝鳅产业成为湖北省渔业第三个“百亿元”产业[J].水产养殖,2016,(2):53-54.
[4]杨先乐,湛嘉,黄艳平.有机磷农药对水生生物毒性影响的研究进展[J].上海水产大学学报,2002,11(4):378-382.
[5]Forget J,Bocquene G.Partial purification and enzymatic characterization of acetylcholinesterase from the intertidal marine copepod Tigriopus brevicornis[J].Comp Biochem Phys B,1999,123(4):345-350.
[6]王汝平,王军,孙长青,等.有机磷农药类雌/抗雄激素效应研究进展[J].海洋科学,2014,38(12):128-135.
[7]齐红莉,张树林,戴伟.农药对水产动物毒理的研究现状[J].水利渔业,2005,25(1):73-75.
[8]罗鸣钟,靳恒,杨代勤.黄鳝生物学及养殖生态学研究进展[J].水产科学,2014,33(8):529-534.
[9]周永欣,章宗涉.水生生物毒性试验方法[M].北京:农业出版社,1989:79-83.
[10]徐滨,朱祥云,魏开金,等.四种稻田农药对克氏原螯虾的急性毒性研究[J].淡水渔业,2014,44(5):38-42.
[11]王志铮,申屠琰,熊威.4种消毒剂对麦瑞加拉鲮幼鱼的急性毒性研究[J].海洋水产研究,2007,28(1):92-97.
[12]蔡道基.农药环境毒理学研究[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1999:128-134.
[13]国家环保局.水生生物监测手册[M].南京:东南大学出版社,1993:47.
[14]徐怡,刘其根,胡忠军,等.10种农药对克氏原螯虾幼虾的急性毒性[J].生态毒理学报,2010,5(1):50-56.
[15]汝少国,李姝熳,田雨.有机磷农药对胆碱能系统影响研究进展[J].海洋湖沼通报,2011,(1):79-84.
[16]Sturm A,Da S A H C,Hansen P D.Cholinesterases of marine teleost fish:enzymological characte rization and potential use in the monitoring of neurotoxic contamination[J].Mar Environ Res,1999,47(98):389-398.
[17]周慜.珠江河口地区水体与土壤/沉积物中有机磷农药污染研究[D].广州:暨南大学,2011:2-8.
[18]刘祖毅,王志铮,吕敢堂,等.3种有机磷农药对黑鲷幼鱼的急性毒性研究[J].浙江海洋学院学报(自然科学版),2010,29(1):20-24.
[19]占伟,吴文忠,徐盈,等.有机有毒污染物在土壤及底泥系统中的吸附解析行为研究进展[J].环境科学进展,1998,6(3):1-3.
[20]白红妍,韩彬,孙丕喜,等.桑沟湾水体及沉积物中有机磷农残时空分布特征[J].海洋科学,2013,37(1):54-61.
[21]戴瑜来,王宇希,潘彬斌,等.几种常用水产药物对大鳞副泥鳅苗种的急性毒性试验[J].淡水渔业,2015,45(4):104-107.